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Huyen langlon: Difference between revisions
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'''Huyen langlon''' is an [[Indian martial art]] from [[Manipur]].<ref>[http://www.india-north-east.com/2010/12/thang-ta-martial-art-dance.html Thang Ta - the martial art dance], ''India-north-east.com''</ref> In the [[Meitei language]], {{transl|mni|huyen}} means war while {{transl|mni|langlon}} or {{transl|mni|langlong}} can mean net, knowledge or art. {{transl|mni|italic=no|Huyen langlon}} consists of two main components: '''thang-ta''' (armed combat) and '''sarit sarak''' (unarmed fighting). The primary weapons of huyen langlon are the ''thang'' (sword) and ''ta'' (spear). The spear can be used in its non-missile form while in close or thrown from afar. Other weapons include the shield and the axe. Unarmed combat incorporates hand strikes, kicks, and grappling (''[[mukna]]''). Because of [[Manipur]]'s cultural similarity and geographical proximity with [[Myanmar]], {{transl|mni|italic=no|huyen langlon}} is closely related to Burmese [[bando]] and [[banshay]]. | '''Huyen langlon''' is an [[Indian martial art]] from [[Manipur]].<ref>[http://www.india-north-east.com/2010/12/thang-ta-martial-art-dance.html Thang Ta - the martial art dance], ''India-north-east.com''</ref> In the [[Meitei language]], {{transl|mni|huyen}} means war while {{transl|mni|langlon}} or {{transl|mni|langlong}} can mean net, knowledge or art. {{transl|mni|italic=no|Huyen langlon}} consists of two main components: '''thang-ta''' (armed combat) and '''sarit sarak''' (unarmed fighting). The primary weapons of huyen langlon are the ''thang'' (sword) and ''ta'' (spear). The spear can be used in its non-missile form while in close or thrown from afar. Other weapons include the shield and the axe. Unarmed combat incorporates hand strikes, kicks, and grappling (''[[mukna]]''). Because of [[Manipur]]'s cultural similarity and geographical proximity with [[Myanmar]], {{transl|mni|italic=no|huyen langlon}} is closely related to Burmese [[bando]] and [[banshay]]. | ||
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Thang-ta shares a connection with certain war-dances, often blurring the line between dance and [[kata|combat forms]], such as {{transl|mni|thangkairol}} (sword dance) and {{transl|mni|khosarol}} (spear dance). Many ritualistic dances in Manipur were traditionally performed by martial artists such as the spear dance for funerals or the sacred {{transl|mni|thengou}} dance. The sword movements in dance are meant to either symbolize protection or to ward off evil spirits.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.thang-ta.com/ | title=Thang Ta: Martial Art of Manipur}}</ref> | Thang-ta shares a connection with certain war-dances, often blurring the line between dance and [[kata|combat forms]], such as {{transl|mni|thangkairol}} (sword dance) and {{transl|mni|khosarol}} (spear dance). Many ritualistic dances in Manipur were traditionally performed by martial artists such as the spear dance for funerals or the sacred {{transl|mni|thengou}} dance. The sword movements in dance are meant to either symbolize protection or to ward off evil spirits.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.thang-ta.com/ | title=Thang Ta: Martial Art of Manipur}}</ref> | ||
== History == | |||
All that can be gleaned of huyen langlon's ancient history comes from hymns and legends. Folklore links the creation of huyen langlon and its related dances with the native animist gods. Manipur was a valley protected from neighbouring Hindu, Burmese and Chinese kingdoms by hills. The valley people were divided into seven related clans, known as ''yek'', ''salai'', or ''pana''. These were the [[Mangang]], [[Luwang]], [[Khuman Salai|Khuman]], [[Angom]], [[Moilang|Moirang]], [[Kha Nganpa|Khaba-Nganba]] and [[Salai Leishangthem|Sarang Leishangthem]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding on clans/Yek of Meitei/Meetei and Hao tribes|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/9/22/HaoMee-Research-Guild-Manipur-a-non-profit-Organisation-is-please-to-land-out-our-finding-on-Clans-Yek-of-Meitei-Meetei-and-Hao-Tribes-The-Clans-names-prevailing-among-the-family-families-were-the.html|access-date=2020-10-28|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref> Before their integration into a single unified [[Meitei people|Meitei community]], these clans each ruled separate principalities over which they fought amongst each other. | All that can be gleaned of huyen langlon's ancient history comes from hymns and legends. Folklore links the creation of huyen langlon and its related dances with the native animist gods. Manipur was a valley protected from neighbouring Hindu, Burmese and Chinese kingdoms by hills. The valley people were divided into seven related clans, known as ''yek'', ''salai'', or ''pana''. These were the [[Mangang]], [[Luwang]], [[Khuman Salai|Khuman]], [[Angom]], [[Moilang|Moirang]], [[Kha Nganpa|Khaba-Nganba]] and [[Salai Leishangthem|Sarang Leishangthem]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding on clans/Yek of Meitei/Meetei and Hao tribes|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/9/22/HaoMee-Research-Guild-Manipur-a-non-profit-Organisation-is-please-to-land-out-our-finding-on-Clans-Yek-of-Meitei-Meetei-and-Hao-Tribes-The-Clans-names-prevailing-among-the-family-families-were-the.html|access-date=2020-10-28|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref> Before their integration into a single unified [[Meitei people|Meitei community]], these clans each ruled separate principalities over which they fought amongst each other. | ||
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Spear technique is considered more difficult and is taught after the sword. The spear emphasizes {{transl|mni|phanba}}, an opening out of the body with two forms: {{transl|mni|nongphan}} to simulate the expanse of the sky and {{transl|mni|leiphal}} emulating the expanse of the ground. Generally speaking, the spear demands more of the lower body while the sword uses more of the upper body. Bare-handed techniques ({{transl|mni|sarit sarak}} or {{transl|mni|sharit sharak}}) are only taught when a student has gained competence in armed fighting. The physical side of thang-ta is eventually supplemented with breathing exercises ({{transl|mni|ningsha kanglon}}), traditional medicine ({{transl|mni|layeng kanglon}}), meditation ({{transl|mni|hirikonba}}), and the sacred dances ({{transl|mni|thengouron}}). | Spear technique is considered more difficult and is taught after the sword. The spear emphasizes {{transl|mni|phanba}}, an opening out of the body with two forms: {{transl|mni|nongphan}} to simulate the expanse of the sky and {{transl|mni|leiphal}} emulating the expanse of the ground. Generally speaking, the spear demands more of the lower body while the sword uses more of the upper body. Bare-handed techniques ({{transl|mni|sarit sarak}} or {{transl|mni|sharit sharak}}) are only taught when a student has gained competence in armed fighting. The physical side of thang-ta is eventually supplemented with breathing exercises ({{transl|mni|ningsha kanglon}}), traditional medicine ({{transl|mni|layeng kanglon}}), meditation ({{transl|mni|hirikonba}}), and the sacred dances ({{transl|mni|thengouron}}). | ||
Sparring matches are conducted in a 30-foot circular arena. There are two methods of sparring: {{transl|mni|phunaba ama}} and {{transl|mni|phunaba anishuba}}. In {{transl|mni|phunaba ama}}, competitors wield a two-foot leather-encased {{transl|mni|cheibi}} (cudgel) paired with a leather {{transl|mni|chungoi}} (shield) measuring one feet in diameter. One match consists of two three-minute rounds with one minute of rest in between. One central referee, six scorers, one time keeper and either one or two chief judges are assigned for one match. The other form of sparring, {{transl|mni|phunaba anishuba}}, is identical with the exception that kicks are allowed and there are no shields. These forms of sparring in which cudgels or {{transl|mni|cheibi}} simulate swords are referred to as {{transl|mni|cheibi | Sparring matches are conducted in a 30-foot circular arena. There are two methods of sparring: {{transl|mni|phunaba ama}} and {{transl|mni|phunaba anishuba}}. In {{transl|mni|phunaba ama}}, competitors wield a two-foot leather-encased {{transl|mni|cheibi}} (cudgel) paired with a leather {{transl|mni|chungoi}} (shield) measuring one feet in diameter. One match consists of two three-minute rounds with one minute of rest in between. One central referee, six scorers, one time keeper and either one or two chief judges are assigned for one match. The other form of sparring, {{transl|mni|phunaba anishuba}}, is identical with the exception that kicks are allowed and there are no shields. These forms of sparring in which cudgels or {{transl|mni|cheibi}} simulate swords are referred to as {{transl|mni|cheibi chainaba}} (clash of cheibi). | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||