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Chauhan: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}} | ||
'''Chauhan''', '''Chouhan''', '''Chohan''', or '''Chohhan''', is a clan name found | '''Chauhan''', '''Chouhan''', '''Chohan''', or '''Chohhan''', is a clan name found amongst the [[Rajput]]s of northern India.<ref>{{cite book|title=Social Sciences Research Journal - Volume 19 - Page 73|publisher=Panjab University|date=2011|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Q1LtWAOAiBoC&q=Chauhan+is+a+rajput+clan&dq=Chauhan+is+a+rajput+clan|quote="Among the thirty six of Rajput clans, there flourished a clan of Chauhan in early medieval times in northern India."}}</ref> | ||
== Origin == | == Origin == | ||
The word ''Chauhan'' is the vernacular form of the [[Sanskrit]] term ''Chahamana''. Several Chauhan inscriptions name a legendary hero called Chahamana as their ancestor, but none of them state the period in which he lived.{{sfn|Singh|1964|p=10}} | The word ''Chauhan'' is the vernacular form of the [[Sanskrit]] term ''Chahamana''.{{meaning|date=October 2021}} Several Chauhan inscriptions name a legendary hero called Chahamana as their ancestor, but none of them state the period in which he lived.{{sfn|Singh|1964|p=10}} | ||
The earliest extant inscription that describes the origin of the Chauhans is the 1119 CE [[Sewari|Sevadi]] inscription of [[Ratnapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Ratnapala]], a ruler of the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana dynasty]]. According to this inscription, the ancestor of the Chahamanas was born from the eye of [[Indra]].{{sfn|Singh|1964|pp=10-11}} | The earliest extant inscription that describes the origin of the Chauhans is the 1119 CE [[Sewari|Sevadi]] inscription of [[Ratnapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Ratnapala]], a ruler of the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana dynasty]]. According to this inscription, the ancestor of the Chahamanas was born from the eye of [[Indra]].{{sfn|Singh|1964|pp=10-11}} | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
The Chauhans were historically a powerful group in the region now known as [[Rajasthan]]. For around 400 years from the 7th century CE their strength in [[Sambhar, Rajasthan|Sambhar]] was a threat to the power-base of the [[Guhilot]]s in the south-west of the area, as also was the strength of their fellow Agnivanshi clans.{{sfn|Gupta|Bakshi|2008|p=95}} They suffered a set-back in 1192 when their leader, Prithviraj Chauhan, was defeated at the [[Second Battle of Tarain]] but this did not signify their demise.{{sfn|Gupta|Bakshi|2008|p=100}} The kingdom broke into the Satyapura and Devda branches after the invasion of [[Qutbu l-Din Aibak]] in 1197.<ref name="sen28">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |page=28}}</ref> | The Chauhans were historically a powerful group in the region now known as [[Rajasthan]]. For around 400 years from the 7th century CE their strength in [[Sambhar, Rajasthan|Sambhar]] was a threat to the power-base of the [[Guhilot]]s in the south-west of the area, as also was the strength of their fellow Agnivanshi clans.{{sfn|Gupta|Bakshi|2008|p=95}} They suffered a set-back in 1192 when their leader, Prithviraj Chauhan, was defeated at the [[Second Battle of Tarain]] but this did not signify their demise.{{sfn|Gupta|Bakshi|2008|p=100}} The kingdom broke into the Satyapura and Devda branches after the invasion of [[Qutbu l-Din Aibak]] in 1197.<ref name="sen28">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |page=28}}</ref> The 13th and 14th centuries saw the struggle between the Chauhan Rajputs and the [[Delhi Sultanate]] to control the strategic areas of Delhi, Punjab and Gujarat.<ref name=JP>{{Cite book|first=Tanuja|last=Kothiyal|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|pages=44-45|url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Nomadic_Narratives.html?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|quote=Delhi, Punjab and Gujarat were seen as strategic centres by the Sultans of Delhi. Throughout the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, intense struggle to control these towns waged between the various sultans of Delhi and Rajput lineages like Chauhans.}}</ref> | ||
The earliest Chauhan inscription is a copper-plate inscription found at [[Hansot]].<ref>[[Sharma, Dasharatha]] : "[https://books.google.com/books/about/Early_Chauh%C4%81n_Dynasties.html?id=A86fAAAACAAJ Early Chauhan Dynasties]" (1959) by S.Chand & Co. Page 14.</ref> | The earliest Chauhan inscription is a copper-plate inscription found at [[Hansot]].<ref>[[Sharma, Dasharatha]] : "[https://books.google.com/books/about/Early_Chauh%C4%81n_Dynasties.html?id=A86fAAAACAAJ Early Chauhan Dynasties]" (1959) by S.Chand & Co. Page 14.</ref> | ||