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Bhil languages: Difference between revisions

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The '''Bhil languages''' are a group of [[Indo-Aryan languages]] spoken in 2011 by around 10.4 million [[Bhil]]s in western and central [[India]].<ref name="Cenus2011">{{cite web |title=ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Indian Census 2011, Government of India |access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref> They constitute the primary languages of the southern [[Aravalli Range]] in [[Rajasthan]] and the western [[Satpura Range]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], northwestern Maharashtra, and southern Gujarat. According to the 52nd report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs (India)|Ministry of Minority Affairs]], Bhili is the most commonly spoken language of the [[union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] constituting 40.42% of its total population. Bhili speakers are also significant in the states of [[Gujarat]] (4.75%), [[Madhya Pradesh]] (4.93%) and [[Rajasthan]] (4.60%).<ref name="MoMA">{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The '''Bhil languages''' are a group of [[Indo-Aryan languages]] spoken by around 10.4 million [[Bhil]]s in western and central [[India]] as of 2011.<ref name="Cenus2011">{{cite web |title=ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Indian Census 2011, Government of India |access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref> They constitute the primary languages of the southern [[Aravalli Range]] in [[Rajasthan]] and the western [[Satpura Range]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], northwestern Maharashtra, and southern Gujarat. According to the 52nd report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs (India)|Ministry of Minority Affairs]], Bhili is the most commonly spoken language of the [[union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] constituting 40.42% of its total population. Bhili speakers are also significant in the states of [[Gujarat]] (4.75%), [[Madhya Pradesh]] (4.93%) and [[Rajasthan]] (4.60%).<ref name="MoMA">{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


==Relationship ==
==Relationship ==
The Bhil languages form a link midway between the [[Gujarati language]] and the [[Rajasthani–Marwari]] languages.
The Bhil languages form a link midway between the [[Gujarati language]] and the [[Rajasthani–Marwari]] languages.


The group comprises the following languages:
Grouped geographically, the Bhil languages are the following:


*Northern Bhil
*Northern Bhil
**[[Bauria language|Bauria]]
**[[Bauria language|Bauria]]
**[[Wagdi language|Wagdi]] (perhaps central: reportedly highly intelligible w Adiwasa, Patelia, and other varieties of Bhil proper)
**[[Wagdi language|Wagdi]] (perhaps central: reportedly highly intelligible with Adiwasa, Patelia, and other varieties of Bhil proper)
**[[Bhilori language|Bhilori]] (Noiri, Dungra)
**[[Bhilori language|Bhilori]] (Noiri, Dungra)
**[[Magari language|Magari]] (Magra ki Boli; incl. under Bhili proper in ''Ethnologue'')
**[[Magari language|Magari]] (Magra ki Boli; incl. under Bhili proper in ''Ethnologue'')
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**[[Rathwi Bareli language|Rathwi Bareli]]
**[[Rathwi Bareli language|Rathwi Bareli]]
**[[Pardhi language|Pardhi]]
**[[Pardhi language|Pardhi]]
**[[Kalto language|Kalto]] (Nahali)


[[Kalto language|Kalto]], {{sc|aka}} Nahali, is another Bhil language.
Other Bhil languages include [[Gamit language|Gamit]] (Gamti) and [[Mawchi language|Mawchi]]. [[Vasavi language|Vasavi]] is spoken by ethnic Bhils, but may be closer to Gujarati. Similarly, [[Malvi language|Malvi]] and [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] may be closer to Rajasthani. The recently described [[Vaagri Booli]] may also be a Bhil language.
 
The [[Vasavi language]] is spoken by ethnic Bhils, but is closer to Gujarati.


== References ==
== References ==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Khare, Randhir. [http://www.randhirkhare.in/literary-career.html "Dangs: Journeys Into The Heartland". New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers India.]
* Khare, Randhir. [http://www.randhirkhare.in/literary-career.html "Dangs: Journeys Into The Heartland". New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers India.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219101516/http://www.randhirkhare.in/literary-career.html |date=19 February 2015 }}
* Khare, Randhir. [http://www.randhirkhare.in/literary-career.html "Flight Of Arrows". Selected Song Poems Of The Bhils.Pune:Grasswork Books]
* Khare, Randhir. [http://www.randhirkhare.in/literary-career.html "Flight Of Arrows". Selected Song Poems Of The Bhils.Pune:Grasswork Books]
* Khare, Randhir. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150219101516/http://www.randhirkhare.in/literary-career.html ''The Singing Bow: Song-Poems of the Bhil''. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers India, 2001.] {{ISBN|81-7223-425-2}}
* Khare, Randhir. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150219101516/http://www.randhirkhare.in/literary-career.html ''The Singing Bow: Song-Poems of the Bhil''. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers India, 2001.] {{ISBN|81-7223-425-2}}
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