Mysore district: Difference between revisions

| settlement_type                = District of Karnataka

| image_map                      = Karnataka Mysore locator map.svg

| subdivision_name                = India

| subdivision_type1              = State

| parts                          = [[Mysore]], [[Tirumakudalu Narasipura]], [[Nanjangud]], [[Heggadadevanakote]], [[Hunsur]], [[Piriyapatna]], [[Krishnarajanagara]], [[Sargur]], [[Saligrama]]<ref name="Taluk">{{cite web|title=District census Hand book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2923_PART_B_DCHB_MYSORE.pdf|publisher=Census Registrar, Government of India|accessdate=7 March 2020}}</ref>

| government_type                =

| leader_title                    = Deputy Commissioner

| leader_name                    =  

| area_total_km2                  =  

| elevation_m                     =  

| population_footnotes            =  

| timezone1                      = IST

| iso_code                        = IN-KA

[[File:Food Stall on K.D.Circle Mysore.jpg|thumb|Food Stall near K.D.Circle, Mysore]]

 

This district has a prominent place in the history of [[Karnataka]]; [[Mysore]] was ruled by the [[Wodeyar]]s from the year 1399 till the independence of India in the year 1947. It features many tourist destinations, from [[Mysore Palace]] to [[Nagarhole National Park]]. It is the third-most populous district in Karnataka (out of [[List of districts in Karnataka|30]]), after [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

[[File:Belawadi Gate, Yelwala, Mysore.jpg|thumb|Belawadi village, Yelwala]]

The earliest known reference of rulers in Mysore district are the [[Gangas]] who during the rule of King Avinitha (469-529 CE), moved the capital from [[Kolar]] to [[Talakadu]] on the banks of the river [[Kaveri]] in the [[Tirumakudal Narsipur|Tirumakudalu Narasipura]] taluk.<ref name="talakad">Kamath (2001), p 40</ref> Talakadu remained their regal capital till the end of Ganga rule in the early 11th century. Gangas ruled over a greater part of Mysore district, then known by the name of ''Gangavadi''. In the end of the 8th century, the Rashtrakuta king [[Dhruva Dharavarsha]] defeated the Ganga king [[Shivamara II]] and wrested Gangavadi from him. Gangavadi came under the governorship of Kambarasa, the son of [[Dhruva Dharavarsha]]. Gangas who were overthrown from Gangavadi, had to wait till their king Nitimarga Ereganga (853&ndash;869 CE) won a victory against the Rashtrakutas at Rajaramudu. Seeing the increasing might of the Gangas, the Rashtrakuta King [[Amoghavarsha I]] gave his daughter Revakanimmadi in marriage to the son of Ereganga, [[Butuga II]] who became the ruler of Gangavadi. Gangas ruled over Gangavadi till the Ganga king, Rakkasa Ganga (985&ndash;1024 CE) was defeated by the [[Chola]]s.<ref name=hist>The History of the Gangas is discussed by {{cite web|title=History of Karnataka: Gangas of Talakad |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka12.htm |author=Arthikaje |publisher=1998-00 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. |work=Webpage of OurKarnataka.com |accessdate=2007-03-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311020550/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka12.htm |archivedate=11 March 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref>

In the year 1117, [[Vishnuvardhana]], the great king of [[Hoysala]] dynasty seized Gangavathi and its capital [[Talakad]] from the Cholas. To commemorate this achievement, [[Vishnuvardhana]] built the Keerthinarayana temple at [[Talakad]].<ref name="vishnu">The history of Talakad has been presented by {{cite web | author=Latha Senali|title=Temple Tales|work=Online Edition of Deccan Herald, dated 2003-11-28|publisher=1999, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd.|accessdate=2007-03-29 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov28/spt6.asp. |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070311040000/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov28/spt6.asp |archivedate = 2007-03-11}}</ref> Gangavadi was ruled by the [[Hoysala]]s till the death of their last ruler, [[Veera Ballala III]] after which Gangavadi became a part of the [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. In 1399, Yaduraya established the Wodeyar dynasty at [[Mysore]].<ref name="hist2">A history of Mysore kings is presented by {{cite web |author=Correspondent |title=Wodeyars of Mysore (1578-1947) |url=http://www.mysoredasara.com/history.htm |publisher=Organising Committee of Dasara Festivities 2006, Govt. of Karnataka|work=MysoreDasara.com |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070122172300/http://www.mysoredasara.com/history.htm |archivedate=2007-01-22 |accessdate=2019-11-18}}</ref> It remained as a feudatory to the [[Vijayanagar Empire]] owing allegiance to the Vijayanagar kings and the Vijayanagar representative at [[Srirangapatna]], till the fall of the [[Vijayanagar Empire]] in 1565 CE. In the vacuum that was created, Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617) established control and became the first major ruler of the Wodeyar family. He defeated the Vijayanagar representative in a battle at Kesare near Mysore, shifted his capital from Mysore to [[Srirangapatna]] in 1610 AD.<ref name="yadu">A history of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore is presented by {{cite web|author=Correspondent|title=Kings of Mysore, royal family, heritage|url=http://www.mysoresamachar.com/maharajasofmysore.htm|publisher=MysoreSamachar.com|work=Mysore Samachar, Online Edition|accessdate=2007-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116163038/http://www.mysoresamachar.com/maharajasofmysore.htm|archive-date=16 January 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Wodeyars continued to rule over Mysore till the reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), when [[Hyder Ali]] Khan and his son [[Tipu Sultan]] became the virtual rulers of Mysore.<ref name="hist2" /> Though there were Wodeyar kings during the rule of [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]], they were mere figureheads. With the death of [[Tipu Sultan]] in 1799 under the hands of the [[British India|British]], the Wodeyars were reinstated to the throne of [[Mysore]] and the capital was shifted back to [[Mysore]]. Prince Krishnaraja Wodeyar III who was just 5 years old was installed on the throne of Mysore in 1799.<ref name="hist2" /> Wodeyars were the subsidiaries of the [[British Empire]] and had to pay annual subsidies. During the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, the British took the kingdom back from Wodeyars in 1831 under the pretext that the Wodeyar king did not pay the annual subsidy.<ref name="herald">A brief description of the British Raj's rule at Mysore is described by {{cite web | author=Janardhan Roye |url= http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jul182005/metromon1354182005717.asp |title=From Tipu to the Raj Bhavan | work = Online Edition of the Deccan Herald, dated 2005-07-18| publisher = 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. | accessdate=2007-03-30}}</ref> Commissioners were appointed to rule over the Mysore kingdom. Mark Cubbon (Cubbon Road and Cubbon Park in [[Bangalore]] city are named after him) and L. B. Bowring (Bowring Hospital in Bangalore city is named after him) were the prominent British Commissioners who ruled over Mysore. However, the Wodeyar kings raised a plea against this with the British Parliament who gave a ruling favour of the Wodeyars. In 1881, [[Chamaraja Wodeyar|Chamaraja Wodeyar IX]] (son of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III and Wodeyar king since 1868) was given back the reins of the Mysore kingdom from the British.<ref name="herald" /> The Wodeyars continued to rule over the Mysore Kingdom, till the rule of [[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar]] who, in the year 1947, merged his kingdom into the new dominion of independent India. He remained as a Maharaja till India became a republic in the year 1950 after which he was anointed as a Raja Pramukh (a constitutional position) as the head of Mysore state till 1956. In 1956, after the reorganisation of Indian states, the [[Mysore]] state was born and [[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar]] was made as the governor of this state &mdash; the position he held until 1964.

Mysore district is located between latitude 11°45' to 12°40' N and longitude 75°57' to 77°15' E. It is bounded by [[Mandya district]] to the northeast, [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamrajanagar]] district to the southeast, [[Kerala]] state to the south, [[Kodagu]] district to the west, and [[Hassan district]] to the north. It has an area of 6,854&nbsp;km² (ranked 12th in the state). The administrative center of Mysore District is [[Mysore]] City. The district is a part of [[Mysore division]]. Prior to 1998, Mysore district also contained the [[Chamarajanagar district]] before that area was separated off.

[[File:CPIM office Mysore District Committee.jpg|thumb|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] office in Mysore]]

The temperature in the district varies from 15&nbsp;°C in winters to 35&nbsp;°C in summers. Mysore district receives an average rainfall of 785&nbsp;mm.<ref name="rain">Average Rainfall in the districts of Karnataka are specified by {{cite web |author=National Informatics Centre|url=http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in/Statistics/Rainfall.html|title=Rainfall|work=Webpage of the Agriculture Department|publisher=Govt. of Karnataka|accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref>

The types of soil found in this district are red soils (red gravelly loam soil, red loam soil, red gravelly clay soil, red clay soil), lateritic soil, deep black soil, saline alluvo-colluvial soil and brown forest soil.<ref name="geo">Types of soil found in Karnataka are described by {{cite web |author=National Informatics Centre|url=http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in/agriprofile/table5.htm|title=Traditional Soil Groups of Karnataka and their Geographic Distribution|work=Webpage of the Agriculture Department|publisher=Govt. of Karnataka}}</ref> Some of the minerals found in this district are [[kyanite]], [[sillimanite]], [[quartz]], [[magnesite]], [[chromite]], [[soapstone]], [[felsite]], [[corundum]], [[graphite]], [[limestone]], [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]], siliconite and [[dunite]]<ref name="mines">List of Mining Leases given out by the State of Karnataka is mentioned by {{cite web|author=National Informatics Centre |title=Mining Leases |url=http://www.kar.nic.in/mines/Mining%20Leases.doc |work=Webpage of the Department of Mines and Geology |publisher=Government of Karnataka |accessdate=2007-03-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060411183957/http://www.kar.nic.in/mines/Mining%20Leases.doc |archivedate=11 April 2006 }}</ref>

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of this district as it is with the rest of India. Though the agriculture is highly dependent on the rainfall, the rivers [[Kaveri]] and [[Kabini]] provide the irrigation needs required for agriculture in this district. According to the 2001 census, about 3,25,823 farmers are involved in cultivation in this district. In the year 2001-2002, Mysore district yielded a foodgrain production of 608,596 Tonnes which is a contribution of 6.94% of the total food grain production in the state for the year.<ref name="agri">Statistics related to Agriculture are presented by {{cite web |author=National Informatics Centre|url=http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in/statistics.html#B26|title=Agricultural Statistics|work=Webpage of the Agriculture Department|publisher=Govt. of Karnataka|accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> Some of the important crops grown here are cotton, [[chickpea|grams]], [[peanut|groundnut]], [[jowar]], maize, [[Finger millet|ragi]], rice, [[sugarcane]], [[sunflower]] and [[tur (bean)|tur]].<ref name="crops">Statistics related to cultivation of various crops in Karnataka are presented by {{cite web|author=National Informatics Centre |title=Agricultural Statistics |url=http://des.kar.nic.in/mainpage.asp?option=8 |work=Webpage of the Department of Economics and Statistics |publisher=Government of Karnataka |accessdate=2007-03-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070424233445/http://des.kar.nic.in/mainpage.asp?option=8 |archivedate=24 April 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> Horticulture is another area contributing significantly to the economy; especially the [[palm oil]] production in [[Heggadadevana kote|H D Kote]] Taluk.<ref name="hort">Palm Oil production in Mysore district is discussed by {{cite web|author=National Informatics Centre|url=http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/annualreport.pdf|format=PDF|title=Annual Report 2005-06|work=Webpage of the Horticultural Department|publisher=Govt. of Karnataka|accessdate=2007-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129012405/http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/annualreport.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Akkihebbal. Krishnarajapet.jpg|thumb|Akkihebbal School, Bherya]]

Mysore is proving to be the next IT hub in [[Karnataka]] after the phenomenal success of Bangalore. The government of India has recognised [[Mysore]] as number one among the 20 Tier II cities of India for the promotion of the IT industry.<ref name="it">Mysore is the number one among Tier II cities for the promotion of IT industry is discussed by {{cite news|author=Staff Correspondent|title=Software exports from Mysore to cross Rs. 850 cr. this year |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/20/stories/2006082014410300.htm |work=Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2006-08-20 |publisher=2006, The Hindu|accessdate=2007-04-01|location=Chennai, India|date=2006-08-20}}</ref> Currently, all of the IT related industries are concentrated around Mysore city. The Software Technology Park (STP) in [[Mysore]] was inaugurated in 1998 by the prime minister of India, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. As of August 2006, there are 42 companies registered with the STP. Software exports from Mysore were expected to double to about Rs. 850 crores in the financial year 2006-07 from previous year's exports of Rs. 400 crores.<ref name="it" /> Some of the major IT companies located here are:

[[File:Hare Krishna Temple, Mysore.jpg|thumb|Hare Krishna Temple, Mysore]]

Tourism is another big industry in [[Mysore]]. Its importance as a tourist destination was evident when it was selected as the venue for the Karnataka Tourism Expo in 2006.<ref name="expo">Tourism Expo in Mysore is described by {{cite news|author=Staff Correspondent|title=Karnataka Tourism Expo 2006 begins in Mysore today |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/15/stories/2006051506340400.htm |work=Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2006-05-15 |publisher=2006, The Hindu|accessdate=2007-04-01|location=Chennai, India|date=2006-05-15}}</ref> Though [[Mysore]] city is well known as a tourist place, other parts the district are yet to see growth in tourism. However, the tourism department plans to develop other areas like [[Nanjangud]], Bettadapura, Hedathali, Kapadi, Mudukuthore Betta, Mugur and [[Tirumakudalu Narasipura]] as tourist places.<ref name="tour">{{cite web|author=Shankar Bennur |title=A tryst with the wild |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar282006/spectrum1016192006327.asp |work=Online Edition of The Deccan Herald, dated 2006-03-28 |publisher=2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. |accessdate=2007-04-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902150125/http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar282006/spectrum1016192006327.asp |archivedate=2 September 2006 }}</ref>

==Divisions==

Mysore District is subdivided into eight taluks whose 2001 Census populations are given below:

* [[Piriyapatna]] (224,254)

* [[Hunsur]] (253,926)

* [[Krishnarajanagara]] (239,199)

* [[Mysore]] (1,038,490)

* [[Heggadadevanakote]] (245,930)

* [[Nanjangud]] (360,223)

* Saragur  

* [[Tirumakudalu Narasipura]] (279,005)

** Total 2,641,027

[[Mysore]] district also elects 1 member to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The Mysore Lok Sabha constituency consists of all the Assembly constituencies mentioned above except for [[Nanjangud]], [[Tirumakudalu Narasipura]], [[K.R.Nagara]] and [[H.D.Kote]] which belong to the [[Chamarajanagar]] Lok Sabha constituency.

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=5,89,987|13=1911|14=6,08,961|15=1921|16=6,24,889|17=1931|18=6,78,700|19=1941|20=7,88,657|21=1951|22=9,75,193|23=1961|24=11,37,640|25=1971|26=14,60,736|27=1981|28=18,27,702|29=1991|30=22,81,653|31=2001|32=26,41,027|33=2011|34=30,01,127|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Mysore district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,001,127,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Armenia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote =  

Armenia 2,967,975 July 2011 est.

  }}</ref><ref name="renamed_from_1901_on_20200308060728">{{cite web|title=Mysore census Hand book|url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18911/GIPE-261737.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|publisher=Census Registrar, Government of India|accessdate=7 March 2020}}</ref> or the US state of [[Mississippi]].<ref>{{cite web

  |accessdate=2011-09-30  

  |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php  

  |archivedate=1 January 2011  

[[Hindu]]s constitute 87.44% of the population with Muslims making up 8.87% of the population; the remaining part of the population is made up by Christians, [[Buddhists]] and other religious groups. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.8% and 11.1% of the district's population respectively.<ref name="legrel">Data related to the 2001 Census; classified according to religion is provided in detail in the website of the Census department of India in this [http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm webpage] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706213221/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm |date=6 July 2010 }}</ref> The major tribes are [[Jenu Kuruba]], [[Betta Kuruba]], [[Paniya people|Paniya]], [[Ravula|Yereva]] and [[Soliga people|Soliga]].<ref name="tribe">A detailed report on the tribes found in the [[Nagarhole]] National Park is presented by {{cite web|author=The Inspection Panel|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINSPECTIONPANEL/Resources/EcoDevelopmentReport.pdf|format=PDF|title=Report and Recommendation on Request for Inspection, India Ecodevelopment Project, Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarhole) National Park|work=World Bank Internet Resource|publisher=The World Bank|accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref>

==Image gallery==

==Notes==

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