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Nambi Narayanan: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Short description|Indian aerospace engineer (born 1941)}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date= | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = S. Nambi Narayanan | | name = S. Nambi Narayanan | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| caption = Narayanan in 2017 | | caption = Narayanan in 2017 | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|12|12|df=yes}} | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|12|12|df=yes}} | ||
| birth_place =[[Nagercoil | | birth_place = [[Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu]], India | ||
| occupation = | | occupation = Aerospace engineer<!-- Occupation(s) as given in the lead; --> | ||
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] | | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] | ||
| education = [[Princeton University]] | | education = {{Ubl | ||
| [[Princeton University]] ([[Master of Science in Engineering|MSE]]) | |||
| [[Thiagarajar College of Engineering]] | |||
}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''S. Nambi Narayanan''' | '''S. Nambi Narayanan''' (born 12 December 1941<ref name="ReadyToFire">{{cite book |last1=Narayanan |first1=Nambi |last2=Ram |first2=Arun |title=Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9789386826275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks1SDwAAQBAJ |access-date=31 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref>) is an Indian aerospace engineer who worked for the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]. He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian award by the [[Government of India]], in 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/padma-awards-2019-announced-full-list-awardees-95673 | title=Padma awards for 2019 announced: Full list of awardees | publisher=[[The News Minute]] | date=25 January 2019 | access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref> The scientist was instrumental in developing the [[Vikas (rocket engine) | Vikas engine]] that would be used for the first [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle | PSLV]] that India launched.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-isro-scientist-nambi-narayanan-awarded-padma-bhushan-95674|title=Former ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan awarded Padma Bhushan|date=25 January 2019|website=The News Minute}}</ref>As a senior official at the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO), he was in-charge of the [[cryogenics]] division.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://main.omanobserver.om/node/108901 |title=A false case that delayed India's cryogenic project |publisher=Main.omanobserver.om |access-date=2012-10-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004043732/http://main.omanobserver.om/node/108901 |archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref>{{bsn|date=April 2021}} In 1994, he was falsely charged with [[espionage]] and arrested.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/900365/rocketry-the-nambi-effect-teaser-madhavan-presents-scientist-nambi-narayans-story|title='Rocketry – The Nambi Effect' teaser: Madhavan presents scientist Nambi Narayanan's story|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> The charges against him were dismissed by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) in April 1996,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/isro-spy-case-the-scientist-who-came-in-from-the-cold/articleshow/64616516.cms|title=Isro spy case: The scientist who came in from the cold|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|date=2018-06-17|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> and the [[Supreme Court of India]] declared him not guilty in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-is-nambi-narayanan/1313387/|title=Who is Nambi Narayanan?|date=2018-09-14|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> | ||
In 2018, the Supreme Court, through the bench of [[Dipak Misra]], awarded Narayanan a compensation of {{INR}} 5,000,000 (roughly US$70,000), to be recovered from the [[Government of Kerala]] within eight weeks. However the Government of Kerala decided to give him {{INR}} 1.3 crore ({{INR}} 13,000,000; roughly US$183,000).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nambi-narayanan-to-get-13-crore/article30405362.ece|title=Former ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan to get ₹1.3 crore|date=2019-12-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-27|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The apex court also constituted a committee headed by retired Supreme Court judge D. K. Jain to inquire into the role of officials of the Kerala police in the arrest of Narayanan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rautray |first1=Samanwaya |title=Supreme Court to restore ISRO scientist's lost reputation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/supreme-court-to-restore-isro-scientists-lost-reputation/articleshow/64101196.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=9 May 2018}}</ref> | In 2018, the Supreme Court, through the bench of [[Dipak Misra]], awarded Narayanan a compensation of {{INR}} 5,000,000 (roughly US$70,000), to be recovered from the [[Government of Kerala]] within eight weeks. However the Government of Kerala decided to give him {{INR}} 1.3 crore ({{INR}} 13,000,000; roughly US$183,000).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nambi-narayanan-to-get-13-crore/article30405362.ece|title=Former ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan to get ₹1.3 crore|date=2019-12-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-27|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The apex court also constituted a committee headed by retired Supreme Court judge D. K. Jain to inquire into the role of officials of the Kerala police in the arrest of Narayanan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rautray |first1=Samanwaya |title=Supreme Court to restore ISRO scientist's lost reputation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/supreme-court-to-restore-isro-scientists-lost-reputation/articleshow/64101196.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=9 May 2018}}</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
S. Nambi Narayanan was born into a | S. Nambi Narayanan was born into a [[Tamils|Tamil]] family on 12 December 1941 in [[Nagercoil]],<ref name="ReadyToFire"/> where he also completed his schooling at DVD Higher Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/memories-of-a-spy-who-won-framed-scientist-vindicated-on-milestone-eve/cid/379297|title=Memories of a 'spy' who won - Framed scientist vindicated on milestone-eve|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://taazakhabarnews.com/how-was-nambi-narayanan-framed-in-a-fake-spy-case/|title=How Nambi Narayanan was framed in a fake Spy Case?|date=17 September 2018|website=Taazakhabar News}}</ref> | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
Narayanan first met [[Vikram Sarabhai]], the then [[Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation|Chairman of ISRO]], in 1966 at the [[Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station]] in [[Thumba]], Thiruvananthapuram, while he worked as a payload integrator with another eminent scientist [[Y. S. Rajan]] there. Also chairman of the Space Science and technology Centre (SSTC) at the time, Sarabhai only recruited highly qualified professionals. In pursuit, Narayanan enrolled at the [[College of Engineering, Trivandrum|College of Engineering]] in Thiruvananthapuram for his [[Master of Engineering|MTech]] degree. Upon learning this, Sarabhai offered him leave for higher education if he made it to any of the [[Ivy League]] universities. Subsequently, Narayanan earned a [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|NASA fellowship]] and was accepted into [[Princeton University]] in 1969. He completed his master's program there in chemical rocket propulsion under professor [[:it:Luigi Crocco|Luigi Crocco]] in a record ten months. Despite being offered a job in the US, Narayanan returned to India with expertise in [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid propulsion]] at a time when Indian rocketry was still solely dependent on [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ittyipe |first1=Minu |title=A Gladiator in the Space-Ring |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-gladiator-in-the-space-ring/299101 |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=Outlook |date=13 July 2017}}</ref> | Narayanan first met [[Vikram Sarabhai]], the then [[Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation|Chairman of ISRO]], in 1966 at the [[Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station]] in [[Thumba]], Thiruvananthapuram, while he worked as a payload integrator with another eminent scientist [[Y. S. Rajan]] there. Also chairman of the Space Science and technology Centre (SSTC) at the time, Sarabhai only recruited highly qualified professionals. In pursuit, Narayanan enrolled at the [[College of Engineering, Trivandrum|College of Engineering]] in Thiruvananthapuram for his [[Master of Engineering|MTech]] degree. Upon learning this, Sarabhai offered him leave for higher education if he made it to any of the [[Ivy League]] universities. Subsequently, Narayanan earned a [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|NASA fellowship]] and was accepted into [[Princeton University]] in 1969. He completed his master's program there in chemical rocket propulsion under professor [[:it:Luigi Crocco|Luigi Crocco]] in a record ten months. Despite being offered a job in the US, Narayanan returned to India with expertise in [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid propulsion]] at a time when Indian rocketry was still solely dependent on [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ittyipe |first1=Minu |title=A Gladiator in the Space-Ring |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-gladiator-in-the-space-ring/299101 |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=Outlook |date=13 July 2017}}</ref> | ||
Narayanan introduced the liquid fuel rocket technology in India in the early 1970s, when [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]'s team was working on solid motors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ex-isro-scientist-wrongly-implicated-in-spy-case-receives-padma-bhushan/articleshow/68443828.cms|title=Ex-Isro scientist, wrongly implicated in spy case, receives Padma Bhushan {{!}} India News - Times of India| | Narayanan introduced the liquid fuel rocket technology in India in the early 1970s, when [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]'s team was working on solid motors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ex-isro-scientist-wrongly-implicated-in-spy-case-receives-padma-bhushan/articleshow/68443828.cms|title=Ex-Isro scientist, wrongly implicated in spy case, receives Padma Bhushan {{!}} India News - Times of India|last1=16 Mar|first1=Surendra Singh {{!}} TNN {{!}}|last2=2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-27|last3=Ist|first3=21:55}}</ref> He foresaw the need for liquid fuelled engines for ISRO's future civilian space programmes, and received encouragement from the then ISRO chairman [[Satish Dhawan]], and his successor [[U. R. Rao]]. Narayanan developed liquid propellant motors, first building a successful {{convert|600|kg|lb}} thrust engine in the mid-1970s and thereafter moving on to bigger engines. | ||
In 1992, India signed an agreement with Russia for transfer of technology to develop [[cryogenic fuel]]-based engines and procurement of two such engines for {{INR}} 235 [[crore]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Subramanian |first1=T. S. |title=Over the moon |url=https://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2310/stories/20060602006504500.htm |website=Frontline |access-date=1 November 2018 |volume=23 |issue= 10 |date=20 May - 2 June 2006}}</ref> However, it did not materialize after the US president [[George H. W. Bush]] wrote to Russia, raising objections against the transfer of technology and even threatening to blacklist the country from the select-five club. Russia, under [[Boris Yeltsin]], succumbed to the pressure and denied the technology to India. To bypass this monopoly, India signed a new agreement with Russia to fabricate four cryogenic engines, alongside two [[mockup]]s for a total of {{USD}}9 million,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mehta |first1=Nikita |title=How Isro got an indigenous cryogenic engine |url=https://www.livemint.com/Specials/HgL2TtHJi3WbLO0IB7at2L/How-Isro-got-an-indigenous-cryogenic-engine.html |website=Livemint |access-date=1 November 2018 |date=10 March 2014}}</ref> after floating a global tender without a formal transfer of technology. ISRO had already reached a consensus with [[Kerala Hitech Industries Limited]] which would have provided the cheapest tender for fabricating engines. But this failed to materialize due to the spy scandal of 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/The-scientist-who-wasnt-a-spy/articleshow/16511623.cms |title=The Scientist Who Wasn't A Spy |work=The Times of India|access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref> | In 1992, India signed an agreement with Russia for transfer of technology to develop [[cryogenic fuel]]-based engines and procurement of two such engines for {{INR}} 235 [[crore]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Subramanian |first1=T. S. |title=Over the moon |url=https://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2310/stories/20060602006504500.htm |website=Frontline |access-date=1 November 2018 |volume=23 |issue= 10 |date=20 May - 2 June 2006}}</ref> However, it did not materialize after the US president [[George H. W. Bush]] wrote to Russia, raising objections against the transfer of technology and even threatening to blacklist the country from the select-five club. Russia, under [[Boris Yeltsin]], succumbed to the pressure and denied the technology to India. To bypass this monopoly, India signed a new agreement with Russia to fabricate four cryogenic engines, alongside two [[mockup]]s for a total of {{USD}}9 million,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mehta |first1=Nikita |title=How Isro got an indigenous cryogenic engine |url=https://www.livemint.com/Specials/HgL2TtHJi3WbLO0IB7at2L/How-Isro-got-an-indigenous-cryogenic-engine.html |website=Livemint |access-date=1 November 2018 |date=10 March 2014}}</ref> after floating a global tender without a formal transfer of technology. ISRO had already reached a consensus with [[Kerala Hitech Industries Limited]] which would have provided the cheapest tender for fabricating engines. But this failed to materialize due to the spy scandal of 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/The-scientist-who-wasnt-a-spy/articleshow/16511623.cms |title=The Scientist Who Wasn't A Spy |work=The Times of India|access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref> | ||
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=== Espionage charges === | === Espionage charges === | ||
In 1994, Narayanan was charged with leaking vital defence secrets to two alleged [[Maldives|Maldivian]] intelligence officers, Mariam Rasheeda and Fauzia Hassan. Defense officials said the secrets pertained to highly confidential "flight test data" from experiments with rocket and satellite launches. Narayanan was among two scientists (the other being D. Sasikumaran) that were accused of selling the secrets for millions. However, his house seemed nothing out of the ordinary and did not show signs of the corrupt gains he was accused of.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/may/08isro.htm |title=What happens to the four years of life they have been robbed of? | | In 1994, Narayanan was charged with leaking vital defence secrets to two alleged [[Maldives|Maldivian]] intelligence officers, Mariam Rasheeda and Fauzia Hassan. Defense officials said the secrets pertained to highly confidential "flight test data" from experiments with rocket and satellite launches. Narayanan was among two scientists (the other being D. Sasikumaran) that were accused of selling the secrets for millions. However, his house seemed nothing out of the ordinary and did not show signs of the corrupt gains he was accused of.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/may/08isro.htm |title=What happens to the four years of life they have been robbed of? |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref> | ||
Narayanan was arrested and spent 50 days in jail. He claims that officials from the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]], who were the ones to interrogate him, wanted him to make false accusations against the top brass of ISRO. He alleges that two IB officials had asked him to implicate [[A. E. Muthunayagam]], his boss and then Director of the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] (LPSC). When he refused to comply, he was tortured until he collapsed and was hospitalised.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarin |first1=Ritu |title=Wrongly accused ISRO scientist seeks damages |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990103/0035021.html |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 January 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040928145200/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990103/0035021.html |archive-date=28 September 2004}}</ref> He says his main complaint against ISRO is that it did not support him. [[Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan]], who was ISRO chairman at the time stated that ISRO could not interfere in a legal matter. | Narayanan was arrested and spent 50 days in jail. He claims that officials from the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]], who were the ones to interrogate him, wanted him to make false accusations against the top brass of ISRO. He alleges that two IB officials had asked him to implicate [[A. E. Muthunayagam]], his boss and then Director of the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] (LPSC). When he refused to comply, he was tortured until he collapsed and was hospitalised.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarin |first1=Ritu |title=Wrongly accused ISRO scientist seeks damages |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990103/0035021.html |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 January 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040928145200/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990103/0035021.html |archive-date=28 September 2004}}</ref> He says his main complaint against ISRO is that it did not support him. [[Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan]], who was ISRO chairman at the time stated that ISRO could not interfere in a legal matter. | ||
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In 2001, the NHRC ordered the government of Kerala to pay him a compensation of {{INR}} 1 crore.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3871592.ece A shattered man now sits cool and detached]. The Hindu, 8 September 2012.</ref> He retired in 2001. The [[Kerala High Court]] ordered a compensation amount of Rs 10 lakhs to be paid to Nambi Narayanan based on an appeal from NHRC India in September 2012. | In 2001, the NHRC ordered the government of Kerala to pay him a compensation of {{INR}} 1 crore.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3871592.ece A shattered man now sits cool and detached]. The Hindu, 8 September 2012.</ref> He retired in 2001. The [[Kerala High Court]] ordered a compensation amount of Rs 10 lakhs to be paid to Nambi Narayanan based on an appeal from NHRC India in September 2012. | ||
On 3 October 2012, ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that the government of Kerala had dropped charges against the police officials who were alleged to have falsely implicated Narayanan in the espionage case on the grounds that over 15 years had passed since the case was initiated. The top officer involved in the case, Siby Mathews, was later appointed Chief Information Commissioner in Kerala (2011 - 2016).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/kerala-drops-charges-against-police-officials-in-isro-espionage-case/article3958850.ece |title=Kerala drops charges against police officials in ISRO espionage case |work=[[The Hindu|Thehindu.com]] |access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-was-one-who-was-victimised-isro-espionage-case-former-kerala-dgp-siby-mathews-63299|title=I was the one who was victimised in ISRO espionage case: Former Kerala DGP Siby Mathews|publisher=The News Minute|access-date=2017-06-07}}</ref> | On 3 October 2012, ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that the government of Kerala had dropped charges against the police officials who were alleged to have falsely implicated Narayanan in the espionage case on the grounds that over 15 years had passed since the case was initiated. The top officer involved in the case, Siby Mathews, was later appointed Chief Information Commissioner in Kerala (2011 - 2016).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/kerala-drops-charges-against-police-officials-in-isro-espionage-case/article3958850.ece |title=Kerala drops charges against police officials in ISRO espionage case |work=[[The Hindu|Thehindu.com]] |access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-was-one-who-was-victimised-isro-espionage-case-former-kerala-dgp-siby-mathews-63299|title=I was the one who was victimised in ISRO espionage case: Former Kerala DGP Siby Mathews|publisher=The News Minute|access-date=2017-06-07}}</ref> Kerala government settled the case filed against it by Narayanan by agreeing to a payment of {{INRConvert|1.3|c}}. As a result of this settlement Mr Narayanan agreed to withdraw his case in the Kerala High Court against the Kerala government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nambi Narayanan gets ₹1.3 cr. additional compensation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nambi-narayanan-gets-13-cr-additional-compensation/article32329022.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312125858/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nambi-narayanan-gets-13-cr-additional-compensation/article32329022.ece|archive-date=12 March 2021 }}</ref> | ||
On 14 Apr 2021 the [[Supreme Court of India]] ordered a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] probe into the involvement of police officers in the conspiracy.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISRO Spy Case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/apr/15/isro-spy-case-nambi-narayanan-welcomes-cbi-probe-says-conspirators-should-be-exposed-2290329.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415094846/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/apr/15/isro-spy-case-nambi-narayanan-welcomes-cbi-probe-says-conspirators-should-be-exposed-2290329.html |archive-date=17 Apr 2021 |date=15 Apr 2021}}</ref> | |||
===Demand for Justice=== | ===Demand for Justice=== | ||
[[File:President Kovind presents Padma Bhushan to Shri S. Nambi Narayanan.webm|thumb|President Kovind presents Padma Bhushan to Shri S. Nambi Narayanan]] | |||
On 7 November 2013, Narayanan pushed for justice in his case, seeking to expose those behind the conspiracy. He says that this case will 'discourage' the youth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=200001|title=ISRO spy case victim wants justice|publisher=daijiworld.com|date= 7 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?contentId=15413336&programId=1073754912&tabId=13|title=Prosecute persons behind the ISRO case: Nambi Narayanan|publisher=[[The Week]]|date= 8 November 2013}}</ref> | On 7 November 2013, Narayanan pushed for justice in his case, seeking to expose those behind the conspiracy. He says that this case will 'discourage' the youth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=200001|title=ISRO spy case victim wants justice|publisher=daijiworld.com|date= 7 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?contentId=15413336&programId=1073754912&tabId=13|title=Prosecute persons behind the ISRO case: Nambi Narayanan|publisher=[[The Week]]|date= 8 November 2013}}</ref> | ||
On 14 September 2018, the Supreme Court appointed a three-member panel headed by its former judge to probe the "harrowing" arrest and alleged torture of former space scientist Nambi Narayanan in the 'ISRO spy scandal' that turned out to be fake. | On 14 September 2018, the Supreme Court appointed a three-member panel headed by its former judge to probe the "harrowing" arrest and alleged torture of former space scientist Nambi Narayanan in the 'ISRO spy scandal' that turned out to be fake. | ||
A three-judge Bench led by Chief Justice Dipak Misra also awarded Mr. Narayanan Rs. 50 lakh in compensation for the "mental cruelty" he suffered all these years. The reprieve comes almost a quarter of century after Mr. Narayanan began his legal battles in various forums for his honour and justice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-appoints-panel-to-look-into-harrowing-torture-of-nambi-narayanan/article24943213.ece?homepage=true|title=ISRO spy case victim wants justice|date= 14 September 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Rajagopal|first1=Krishnadas}}</ref> In addition to this, the government of Kerala has decided to give him Rs 1.3 crore as compensation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/isro-scientist-implicated-in-fake-spy-case-to-get-rs-1-3-crore-from-kerala-govt-1631928-2019-12-27|title=Isro scientist Nambi Narayanan implicated in fake spy case to get Rs 1.3 crore from Kerala govt| | A three-judge Bench led by Chief Justice Dipak Misra also awarded Mr. Narayanan Rs. 50 lakh in compensation for the "mental cruelty" he suffered all these years. The reprieve comes almost a quarter of century after Mr. Narayanan began his legal battles in various forums for his honour and justice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-appoints-panel-to-look-into-harrowing-torture-of-nambi-narayanan/article24943213.ece?homepage=true|title=ISRO spy case victim wants justice|date= 14 September 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Rajagopal|first1=Krishnadas}}</ref> In addition to this, the government of Kerala has decided to give him Rs 1.3 crore as compensation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/isro-scientist-implicated-in-fake-spy-case-to-get-rs-1-3-crore-from-kerala-govt-1631928-2019-12-27|title=Isro scientist Nambi Narayanan implicated in fake spy case to get Rs 1.3 crore from Kerala govt|last1=ThiruvananthapuramDecember 27|first1=Press Trust of India|last2=December 27|first2=2019UPDATED|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-27|last3=Ist|first3=2019 13:43}}</ref> | ||
On 26 | On 26 January 2019, he was conferred with the [[Padma Bhushan]] award by the Government of India. | ||
== | ==Books and popular culture== | ||
===Books=== | |||
* ''[[Ormakalude Bhramanapadham]]: An Autobiography'' by Nambi Narayanan, [[Prajesh Sen]]; Thrissur Current Books, 2017. | |||
* ''Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case'' by Nambi Narayanan, Arun Ram; Bloomsbury India, 2018. | |||
== | ===In popular culture=== | ||
In October 2018, a biographical film titled ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]],'' written and co-directed by [[R. Madhavan]], was announced.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 November 2018|title=R. Madhavan: 95 per cent of Indians don't know about Nambi Narayanan, which I think is a crime|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhavan-nambi-narayanan-rocketry-the-nambi-effec-5428666/}}</ref> The teaser of the film was released on 1 April 2021 and the film is scheduled to be released in summer-2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teaser of R Madhavan's 'Rocketry – The Nambi Effect' gets 10 million views in 24 hours!|url=http://www.imdb.com/news/ni62268894|website=IMDb}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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* [http://indrus.in/blogs/2013/12/04/how_indias_cryogenic_programme_was_wrecked_31365.html How India’s cryogenic programme was wrecked] | * [http://indrus.in/blogs/2013/12/04/how_indias_cryogenic_programme_was_wrecked_31365.html How India’s cryogenic programme was wrecked] | ||
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–2019}} | |||
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