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{{Original research|date=November 2019}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox military installation | |||
{{Infobox | |||
|name = Kondaveedu Fort | |name = Kondaveedu Fort | ||
|native_name = | |native_name = | ||
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Kondaveedu Fort was constructed by [[Prolaya Vema Reddi]]. It was used as the capital by the [[Reddi Kingdom|Reddi dynasty]] between 1328 and 1482, shifting from their former capital at [[Addanki]].<ref name=gazette/> It was taken by the [[Vijayanagara]] emperor [[Krishnadevaraya]] in 1516.<ref name=gazette/> The [[Golconda]] [[Sultan]]s fought for the fort in 1531, 1536 and 1579, and Sultan [[Quli Qutb Shah]] finally captured it in 1579, renaming it ''Murtazanagar''.<ref name=gazette>{{Cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=15&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_399.gif |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15 1931 |work=Kondaveedu |page=393 |accessdate=2009-10-20 |publisher=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref><ref name=Sewell>{{Cite book |last=Sewell |first=Robert |title= Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of Southern India, Archaeological Survey of India |work=Kondaveedu Reddy Chiefs… |pages=187–188 |accessdate=2009-10-21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXIIAAAAQAAJ&q=Kondavidu&pg=PA187 |publisher= E. Keys at the Government Press |year=1884}}</ref><ref name=gallery>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000739u00000000.html |title= Kondavid-durg near Guntur. 19 February 1804. Signed 'W.R.' |accessdate=2009-10-20 |publisher=British on line Gallery}}</ref><ref name=Burgess/> | Kondaveedu Fort was constructed by [[Prolaya Vema Reddi]]. It was used as the capital by the [[Reddi Kingdom|Reddi dynasty]] between 1328 and 1482, shifting from their former capital at [[Addanki]].<ref name=gazette/> It was taken by the [[Vijayanagara]] emperor [[Krishnadevaraya]] in 1516.<ref name=gazette/> The [[Golconda]] [[Sultan]]s fought for the fort in 1531, 1536 and 1579, and Sultan [[Quli Qutb Shah]] finally captured it in 1579, renaming it ''Murtazanagar''.<ref name=gazette>{{Cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=15&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_399.gif |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15 1931 |work=Kondaveedu |page=393 |accessdate=2009-10-20 |publisher=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref><ref name=Sewell>{{Cite book |last=Sewell |first=Robert |title= Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of Southern India, Archaeological Survey of India |work=Kondaveedu Reddy Chiefs… |pages=187–188 |accessdate=2009-10-21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXIIAAAAQAAJ&q=Kondavidu&pg=PA187 |publisher= E. Keys at the Government Press |year=1884}}</ref><ref name=gallery>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000739u00000000.html |title= Kondavid-durg near Guntur. 19 February 1804. Signed 'W.R.' |accessdate=2009-10-20 |publisher=British on line Gallery}}</ref><ref name=Burgess/> | ||
The fort came under the control of the [[France |French]] colonists in 1752 when it was extensively fortified. It passed on to the British [[East India Company]] who got control of the fort in 1788 but abandoned it in the early 19th century in favour of [[Guntur]]. Now, the massive fortifications and battlements are seen in ruins only. The interior has extensive ruins of [[Magazine (artillery)|magazines]] and storehouses.<ref name=gazette/><ref name=gallery/> | The fort came under the control of the [[France|French]] colonists in 1752 when it was extensively fortified. It passed on to the British [[East India Company]] who got control of the fort in 1788 but abandoned it in the early 19th century in favour of [[Guntur]]. Now, the massive fortifications and battlements are seen in ruins only. The interior has extensive ruins of [[Magazine (artillery)|magazines]] and storehouses.<ref name=gazette/><ref name=gallery/> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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In 1323, [[Warangal]] and the whole of Andhra Pradesh came under the reign of [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaqs]] rulers of [[Delhi]]. Their depredations and despotic reign resulted in the formation of a confederation movement by the [[Hindu]] [[Musunuri Nayakas|Musunuri Nayaks]], who ousted the Muslims from [[Warangal]], and the Reddys were part of this movement.<ref name=reddy/> | In 1323, [[Warangal]] and the whole of Andhra Pradesh came under the reign of [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaqs]] rulers of [[Delhi]]. Their depredations and despotic reign resulted in the formation of a confederation movement by the [[Hindu]] [[Musunuri Nayakas|Musunuri Nayaks]], who ousted the Muslims from [[Warangal]], and the Reddys were part of this movement.<ref name=reddy/> | ||
The Reddys of Kondaveedu were initially feudatories of the kings of Warangal. From inscriptions, it is inferred that their rule overlapped with that of the Korukonda Reddis and that they shifted from their earlier capital at [[Addanki]] in [[Guntur]] to Kondaveedu. The founder of the dynasty was Prolaya Vema Reddy, the son of Prola.<ref name=Godavari/><ref name=reddy/> They ruled in the region around present-day [[Vijayawada]] and Guntur towns for nearly a hundred years (1328–1428). Their first ruler Prolaya Vema Reddy (followed by five other rulers till 1428) who ruled till 1353, strengthened the defenses of his kingdom by building a number of forts, which included the Kondaveedu Fort. He shifted his capital from [[Addanki]] in Guntur to Kondaveedu fort. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the [[Bahmanis]] (1458), the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara kings][ (1516), the [[Qutb Shahis]], (1531,1537 & 1579), the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] army of [[Aurangzeb]] in 1687, the French (1752), the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Asaf Jahi]] Kings, and finally the British (1766 and 1788).<ref name=Sewell/><ref name=Hindu/><ref name=reddy/> | The Reddys of Kondaveedu were initially feudatories of the kings of Warangal. From inscriptions, it is inferred that their rule overlapped with that of the Korukonda Reddis and that they shifted from their earlier capital at [[Addanki]] in [[Guntur]] to Kondaveedu. The founder of the dynasty was Prolaya Vema Reddy, the son of Prola.<ref name=Godavari/><ref name=reddy/> They ruled in the region around present-day [[Vijayawada]] and Guntur towns for nearly a hundred years (1328–1428). Their first ruler Prolaya Vema Reddy (followed by five other rulers till 1428) who ruled till 1353, strengthened the defenses of his kingdom by building a number of forts, which included the Kondaveedu Fort. He shifted his capital from [[Addanki]] in Guntur to Kondaveedu fort. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the [[Bahmanis]] (1458), the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara kings]][ (1516), the [[Qutb Shahis]], (1531,1537 & 1579), the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] army of [[Aurangzeb]] in 1687, the French (1752), the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Asaf Jahi]] Kings, and finally the British (1766 and 1788).<ref name=Sewell/><ref name=Hindu/><ref name=reddy/> | ||
Early in 2019, remains of a [[Stupa|Buddhist stupa]] were found under a dilapidated Hindu temple at Kondaveedu fort.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/buddhist-remains-found-at-kondaveedu-fort/article26044963.ece |title=Buddhist remains found at Kondaveedu fort |last=Jonathan |first=P. samuel |date=2019-01-21 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2019-05-06 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The remains date back to the later Satavahana period — 1st to 2nd century CE. This discovery pushes back of the history of Kondaveedu to the Satavahana period.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/kondaveedu-buddhist-remains-date-back-to-satavahana-period/article26115108.ece |title='Kondaveedu Buddhist remains date back to Satavahana period' |last=Rao |first=G. v r Subba |date=2019-01-29 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2019-01-29 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | Early in 2019, remains of a [[Stupa|Buddhist stupa]] were found under a dilapidated Hindu temple at Kondaveedu fort.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/buddhist-remains-found-at-kondaveedu-fort/article26044963.ece |title=Buddhist remains found at Kondaveedu fort |last=Jonathan |first=P. samuel |date=2019-01-21 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2019-05-06 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The remains date back to the later Satavahana period — 1st to 2nd century CE. This discovery pushes back of the history of Kondaveedu to the Satavahana period.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/kondaveedu-buddhist-remains-date-back-to-satavahana-period/article26115108.ece |title='Kondaveedu Buddhist remains date back to Satavahana period' |last=Rao |first=G. v r Subba |date=2019-01-29 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2019-01-29 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||