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Kosala: Difference between revisions
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| leader1 = [[Ikshvaku]] (first) | | leader1 = [[Ikshvaku]] (first) | ||
|leader2=Sumitra (last) | |leader2=Sumitra (last) | ||
| capital = [[Ayodhya]] and [[Shravasti]] | | capital = [[Ayodhya]] and [[Shravasti]] of Uttar Kosala and [[Kushavati]] of [[Dakshin Kosala]] | ||
| common_languages = [[Sanskrit]] [[Pali]] | | common_languages = [[Sanskrit]] [[Pali]] | ||
| religion =[[Hinduism]]<br>[[Buddhism]]<br>[[Jainism]] | | religion =[[Hinduism]]<br>[[Buddhism]]<br>[[Jainism]] | ||
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'''Kingdom of Kosala''' ({{lang-sa|कोसल राज्य}}) was an [[ancient India]]n kingdom, corresponding the area with the region of [[Awadh]]{{Sfn | Mahajan | 1960 | p = 230}} in present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]] to [[Western Odisha]]. It emerged as a [[janapada|small state]] during the late [[Vedic period]], with connections to the neighboring realm of [[Videha]].{{sfn|Samuel|2010|p=61–63}}<ref>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects'' in ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. [[Colette Caillat|Caillat]], Paris, 97–265.</ref> Kosala belonged to the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (c. 700-300 BCE),{{sfn|Samuel|2010|p=50}} and the Kosala region gave rise to the [[Sramana]] movements, including Jainism and Buddhism.{{sfn|Samuel|2010|p=48}} It was culturally distinct from the [[Painted Grey Ware]] culture of the Vedic | '''Kingdom of Kosala''' ({{lang-sa|कोसल राज्य}}) was an [[ancient India]]n kingdom, corresponding the area with the region of [[Awadh]]{{Sfn | Mahajan | 1960 | p = 230}} in present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]] to [[Western Odisha]]. It emerged as a [[janapada|small state]] during the late [[Vedic period]], with connections to the neighboring realm of [[Videha]].{{sfn|Samuel|2010|p=61–63}}<ref>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects'' in ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. [[Colette Caillat|Caillat]], Paris, 97–265.</ref> Kosala belonged to the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (c. 700-300 BCE),{{sfn|Samuel|2010|p=50}} and the Kosala region gave rise to the [[Sramana]] movements, including Jainism and Buddhism.{{sfn|Samuel|2010|p=48}} It was culturally distinct from the [[Painted Grey Ware]] culture of the Vedic period of [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]]-[[Panchala]] west of it, following independent development toward urbanisation and the use of iron.{{sfn|Samuel|2010|p=50-51}} | ||
During the 5th century BCE, Kosala incorporated the territory of the [[Shakya]] clan, to which the [[Buddha]] belonged. According to the Buddhist text ''[[Anguttara Nikaya]]'' and the Jaina text, the ''[[Vyakhyaprajnapti|Bhagavati Sutra]]'', Kosala was one of the ''Solasa'' (sixteen) [[Mahajanapadas]] (powerful realms) in 6th to 5th centuries BCE,{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=85–6}} and its cultural and political strength earned it the status of a great power. It was later weakened by a series of wars with the neighbouring kingdom of [[Magadha]] and, in the 5th century BCE, was finally absorbed by it. After collapse of the [[Maurya Empire]] and before the expansion of the [[Kushan Empire]], Kosala was ruled by the [[Deva dynasty (Saketa)|Deva dynasty]], the [[Datta dynasty]], and the [[Mitra dynasty (Mathura)|Mitra dynasty]]. | During the 5th century BCE, Kosala incorporated the territory of the [[Shakya]] clan, to which the [[Buddha]] belonged. According to the Buddhist text ''[[Anguttara Nikaya]]'' and the Jaina text, the ''[[Vyakhyaprajnapti|Bhagavati Sutra]]'', Kosala was one of the ''Solasa'' (sixteen) [[Mahajanapadas]] (powerful realms) in 6th to 5th centuries BCE,{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=85–6}} and its cultural and political strength earned it the status of a great power. It was later weakened by a series of wars with the neighbouring kingdom of [[Magadha]] and, in the 5th century BCE, was finally absorbed by it. After collapse of the [[Maurya Empire]] and before the expansion of the [[Kushan Empire]], Kosala was ruled by the [[Deva dynasty (Saketa)|Deva dynasty]], the [[Datta dynasty]], and the [[Mitra dynasty (Mathura)|Mitra dynasty]]. | ||