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At a first glance, the difference between the North and South Indian design is the presence of two resonant gourds in the North, while in the South, instead of the lower gourd there is a pear-shaped wooden body attached. However, there are other differences, and many similarities.<ref name=britveena/> Modern designs use fiberglass or other materials instead of hollowed jackwood and gourds.{{sfn|Nettl et al.|1998|pp=352–355}} The construction is personalized to the musician's body proportions so that she can hold and play it comfortably. It ranges from about 3.5 to 4 feet (1 to 1.2 meters). The body is made of special wood and is hollow. Both designs have four melody strings, three drone strings and twenty-four frets.<ref name= | At a first glance, the difference between the North and South Indian design is the presence of two resonant gourds in the North, while in the South, instead of the lower gourd there is a pear-shaped wooden body attached. However, there are other differences, and many similarities.<ref name=britveena/> Modern designs use fiberglass or other materials instead of hollowed jackwood and gourds.{{sfn|Nettl et al.|1998|pp=352–355}} The construction is personalized to the musician's body proportions so that she can hold and play it comfortably. It ranges from about 3.5 to 4 feet (1 to 1.2 meters). The body is made of special wood and is hollow. Both designs have four melody strings, three drone strings and twenty-four frets.<ref name=britveena/><ref name=hastvina/><ref name=sanyal24/> The instrument's end is generally tastefully shaped such as a [[swan]] and the external surfaces colorfully decorated with traditional Indian designs.{{sfn|Nettl et al.|1998|pp=352–355}} | ||
The melody strings are tuned in ''c' g c G'' (the tonic, the fifth, the octave and the fourth<ref name=alainrudra/>), from which ''sarani'' (chanterelle) is frequently used.{{Sfn|Randel|2003|pp=819–820}} The drone strings are tuned in ''c" g' c''' (the double octave, the tonic and the octave<ref name=alainrudra/>). The drones are typically used to create rhythmic ''[[tanam]]s'' of [[Indian classical music]] and to express harmony with clapped ''[[tala (music)|tala]]'' of the piece.{{Sfn|Randel|2003|pp=819–820}} | The melody strings are tuned in ''c' g c G'' (the tonic, the fifth, the octave and the fourth<ref name=alainrudra/>), from which ''sarani'' (chanterelle) is frequently used.{{Sfn|Randel|2003|pp=819–820}} The drone strings are tuned in ''c" g' c''' (the double octave, the tonic and the octave<ref name=alainrudra/>). The drones are typically used to create rhythmic ''[[tanam]]s'' of [[Indian classical music]] and to express harmony with clapped ''[[tala (music)|tala]]'' of the piece.{{Sfn|Randel|2003|pp=819–820}} | ||