Iraq War: Difference between revisions

Iraq War (edit)

Revision as of 17:43, 12 August 2021

2 bytes removed , 12 August 2021

m

clean up

CleanupBot

Bots

16,952

edits

@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 ** {{flagicon image|Seal of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution.svg|border=no}} [[Quds Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.businessinsider.com/operations-by-irans-military-mastermind-2014-7 |title=Operations By Iran's Military Mastermind – Business Insider|date=9 July 2014|work=Business Insider}}</ref>
 | commander1        = '''{{flagdeco|Iraq}} [[Jalal Talabani]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|Iraq}} [[Ayad Allawi]]'''<br />{{flagdeco|Iraq}} [[Ibrahim al-Jaafari]]<br />{{flagdeco|Iraq}} [[Nouri al-Maliki]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Multi-National Force&nbsp;– Iraq.png|size=23px}} [[Ricardo Sanchez]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Multi-National Force&nbsp;– Iraq.png|size=23px}} [[George W. Casey, Jr.]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Multi-National Force&nbsp;– Iraq.png|size=23px}} [[David Petraeus]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of United States Forces&nbsp;– Iraq.png}} [[Raymond T. Odierno]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of United States Forces&nbsp;– Iraq.png}} [[Lloyd Austin]]<br />'''{{flagdeco|United States}} [[George W. Bush]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|United States}} [[Barack Obama]]'''<br />{{flagdeco|United States}} [[Tommy Franks]]<br />{{flagdeco|United States}} [[Donald Rumsfeld]]<br />{{flagdeco|United States}} [[Robert Gates]]<br />'''{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}}{{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Elizabeth II]]'''<br />'''{{Flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Tony Blair]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Gordon Brown]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[David Cameron]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|Australia}} [[John Howard]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Kevin Rudd]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Giorgio Napolitano]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Silvio Berlusconi]]'''<br />{{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Romano Prodi]]<br />'''{{flagdeco|Kuwait}} [[Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah|Sheikh Jaber]]'''<br />{{flagdeco|Kuwait}} [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah|Sheikh Sabah]]<br />'''{{flagdeco|Spain}} [[Juan Carlos I]]'''<br/>{{flagdeco|Spain}} [[José María Aznar]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Spain}} [[Prince Robe]]<br/>'''{{flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]]'''<br/>{{flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]]<br />{{flagdeco|Poland}} '''[[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]]'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|Poland}} [[Lech Kaczyński]]'''<br />{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Mohammad Salimi]]<br />{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Ataollah Salehi]]<br />{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Nasser Mohammadifar]]<br />{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Mohammad-Hossein Dadras]]<br />{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Ahmad Reza Pourdastan]]
-| commander2        = '''{{flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} [[Saddam Hussein]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Execution of Saddam Hussein]]'''<br />{{flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} [[Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri]] [[ Death by natural causes|#]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Qusay Hussein]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Uday Hussein]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Abid Hamid Mahmud]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Ali Hassan al-Majid]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Barzan Ibrahim]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Taha Yasin Ramadan]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Tariq Aziz]]{{POW}}<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed]]
+| commander2        = '''{{flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} [[Saddam Hussein]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Execution of Saddam Hussein]]'''<br />{{flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} [[Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Qusay Hussein]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Uday Hussein]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Abid Hamid Mahmud]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Ali Hassan al-Majid]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Barzan Ibrahim]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Taha Yasin Ramadan]]{{POW}} [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|link=Executed]]<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Tariq Aziz]]{{POW}}<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed]]
 ----
 '''Sunni insurgency'''<br />'''{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg}} [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]]{{KIA}}'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg}} [[Abu Ayyub al-Masri]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of The Islamic State of Iraq.jpg}} [[Abu Omar al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of The Islamic State of Iraq.jpg}} [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}}<br />[[File:IAILogo.png|25px|link=]] Ishmael Jubouri<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg}} [[Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i]]{{POW}}
@@ Line 663: / Line 663: @@
 * [[Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse]] by US Army personnel,<ref>{{cite news | first = Seymour M. | last = Hersh | title = Chain of Command | date = 17 May 2004 | url = https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/05/17/040517fa_fact2?currentPage=all | work = The New Yorker | access-date =13 September 2011 | quote = NBC News later quoted U.S. military officials as saying that the unreleased photographs showed American soldiers "severely beating an Iraqi prisoner nearly to death, having sex with a female Iraqi prisoner, and 'acting inappropriately with a dead body.' The officials said there also was a videotape, apparently shot by U.S. personnel, showing Iraqi guards raping young boys."}}</ref> involving the detention of thousands of Iraqi men and women. Torture at Abu Ghraib included rape, sodomy and extensive sexual abuse, waterboarding, pouring phosphoric acid on detainees, sleep deprivation and physical beatings.
 * [[Haditha killings]] of 24 civilians.
-* Widespread use of the incendiary munition [[White phosphorus use in Iraq|white phosphorus]] such as during the battle of Fallujah. The documentary [[Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre]], claimed that Iraqi civilians, including women and children, had died of burns caused by white phosphorus during the battle, however, US Department of Defence spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Barry Venable denied that this was true but confirmed to the BBC that US forces had used white phosphorus as an incendiary weapon there against enemy combatants. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-forces-used-chemical-weapon-in-iraq-515551.html|title=US forces used 'chemical weapon' in Iraq|date=16 November 2005|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Jamie|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/16/iraq.usa|title=US admits using white phosphorus in Falluja|date=16 November 2005|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 April 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/white-phosphorus-us-led-coalition-forces-iraq-injuries-burn-muscle-bone-mosul-humanitarian-groups-a7789431.html|title=White phosphorus use by US-led coalition forces in Iraq condemned by humanitarian groups|date=14 June 2017|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref> The use of white phosphorus against civilian populations is banned by international legislation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/why-united-nations-not-investigating-alleged-white-phosphorus-attacks-1468042|title=White phosphorus melts children's flesh but no government wants to investigate—and the U.S. keeps using it, too|last=EST|first=Tareq Haddad On 11/4/19 at 7:17 AM|date=4 November 2019|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>
+* Widespread use of the incendiary munition [[White phosphorus use in Iraq|white phosphorus]] such as during the battle of Fallujah. The documentary [[Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre]], claimed that Iraqi civilians, including women and children, had died of burns caused by white phosphorus during the battle, however, US Department of Defence spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Barry Venable denied that this was true but confirmed to the BBC that US forces had used white phosphorus as an incendiary weapon there against enemy combatants.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-forces-used-chemical-weapon-in-iraq-515551.html|title=US forces used 'chemical weapon' in Iraq|date=16 November 2005|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Jamie|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/16/iraq.usa|title=US admits using white phosphorus in Falluja|date=16 November 2005|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 April 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/white-phosphorus-us-led-coalition-forces-iraq-injuries-burn-muscle-bone-mosul-humanitarian-groups-a7789431.html|title=White phosphorus use by US-led coalition forces in Iraq condemned by humanitarian groups|date=14 June 2017|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref> The use of white phosphorus against civilian populations is banned by international legislation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/why-united-nations-not-investigating-alleged-white-phosphorus-attacks-1468042|title=White phosphorus melts children's flesh but no government wants to investigate—and the U.S. keeps using it, too|last=EST|first=Tareq Haddad On 11/4/19 at 7:17 AM|date=4 November 2019|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>
 * [[Depleted uranium|Use of depleted uranium rounds]] by Coalition Forces, estimated to number at least 300,000 rounds fired in Iraq during the war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/19/us-depleted-uranium-weapons-civilian-areas-iraq|title=US fired depleted uranium at civilian areas in 2003 Iraq war, report finds|date=19 June 2014|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref> Several 2012 studies in Iraq have identified increased occurrence of deformities, cancers, and other serious health problems in areas where depleted uranium shells were used. Some Iraqi doctors attributed these malformations to possible long-term effects of depleted uranium. Studies disagree on whether depleted uranium ammunition has any measurable detrimental health effects.<ref>{{cite news |last= Caputi |first= Ross |date= 25 October 2012 |title= The victims of Fallujah's health crisis are stifled by western silence |work= [[The Guardian]] |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/oct/25/fallujah-iraq-health-crisis-silence |access-date= 26 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
   |last1= Fathi |first1= R. A. |last2= Matti |first2= L. Y.