Bal Thackeray: Difference between revisions

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 Politically, the Shiv Sena was [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]], and wrested control of trade unions in Bombay from the [[Communist Party of India|Communist Party of India (CPI)]]. Local unemployed youth from the declining textile industry joined the party<ref name=":4" /> and it further expanded because of Marathi migrants from the [[Konkan|Konkan region]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Leader who brought ethnic politics to Mumbai melting pot |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bal-thackeray-leader-who-brought-ethnic-politics-to-mumbai-melting-pot/article4105715.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 November 2012 |issn=0971-751X |language=en-IN |access-date=30 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119195350/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bal-thackeray-leader-who-brought-ethnic-politics-to-mumbai-melting-pot/article4105715.ece |archive-date=19 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> By the 1980s, it became a threat to the ruling Congress party which initially encouraged it because of it rivalling the CPI. In 1989, the Sena's newspaper ''[[Saamna]]'' was launched by Thackeray.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-19/pune/35204806_1_bal-thackeray-saamna-sena-leader |title=How Sena got the title 'Saamna' for mouthpiece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212840/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-19/pune/35204806_1_bal-thackeray-saamna-sena-leader |archive-date=29 October 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=19 November 2012 |access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref> Because of Thackeray being against the [[Mandal Commission]] report, his close aide [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] left the party in 1991. Following the [[Bombay riots|1992 Bombay riots]], Thackeray took stances viewed as anti-Muslim and based on [[Hindutva]].<ref name=":0" /> Shiv Sena later allied itself with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). The BJP-Shiv Sena alliance won the 1995 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Maharashtra State Assembly]] elections and were in power from 1995 to 1999. Thackeray declared himself to be the "remote control" chief minister.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Godbole1996">{{cite book |author=Madhav Godbole |title=Unfinished Innings: Recollections and Reflections of a Civil Servant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItQF4g08KbwC&pg=PA414 |date=1 January 1996 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0883-5 |page=414 |access-date=4 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101092636/http://books.google.com/books?id=ItQF4g08KbwC&pg=PA414 |archive-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-Thackeray and the Chief Minister [[Manohar Joshi]] were explicitly named for inciting the Shivsainiks for violence against Muslims during the 1992–1993 riots in an inquiry ordered by the [[government of India]], the Srikrishna Commission Report.<ref name="fln">{{cite web |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1517/15170200.htm |title=The Shiv Sena indicted |publisher=Frontlineonnet.com |access-date=14 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328163323/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1517/15170200.htm |archive-date=28 March 2013|quote=The Sena-Bharatiya Janata Party Government in Maharashtra has rejected the core of the report, which was presented before the two Houses of the legislature on August 6 along with a memorandum of action to be taken thereon. The Action Taken Report (ATR), seeks to establish that the report is one-sided. Going further, Chief Minister Manohar Joshi termed the report "anti-Hindu, pro-Muslim and biased." }}</ref><ref name="narula99">{{cite book |title=Broken People: Caste Violence Against India's "untouchables" |author=Smita Narula |publisher=Human Rights Watch |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd28Ay09adgC&pg=PA124 |year=1999 |isbn=1564322289|quote=The reports findings were presented to the government of Maharashtra on February 16, 1998, more than five years after the riots took place. The report determined that the riots were the result of a deliberate and systematic effort to incite violence against Muslims and singled out Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray and Chief Minister Manohar Joshi as responsible. The Shiv Sena-BJP government, however, refused to adopt the commission's recommendations and instead labeled the report anti-Hindu.}}</ref>
+Thackeray and the Chief Minister [[Manohar Joshi]] were explicitly named for inciting the Shivsainiks for violence against Muslims during the 1992–1993 riots in an inquiry ordered by the [[government of India]], the Srikrishna Commission Report.<ref name="narula99">{{cite book |title=Broken People: Caste Violence Against India's "untouchables" |author=Smita Narula |publisher=Human Rights Watch |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd28Ay09adgC&pg=PA124 |year=1999 |isbn=1564322289|quote=The reports findings were presented to the government of Maharashtra on February 16, 1998, more than five years after the riots took place. The report determined that the riots were the result of a deliberate and systematic effort to incite violence against Muslims and singled out Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray and Chief Minister Manohar Joshi as responsible. The Shiv Sena-BJP government, however, refused to adopt the commission's recommendations and instead labeled the report anti-Hindu.}}</ref><ref name="fln">{{cite web |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1517/15170200.htm |title=The Shiv Sena indicted |publisher=Frontlineonnet.com |access-date=14 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328163323/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1517/15170200.htm |archive-date=28 March 2013|quote=The Sena-Bharatiya Janata Party Government in Maharashtra has rejected the core of the report, which was presented before the two Houses of the legislature on August 6 along with a memorandum of action to be taken thereon. The Action Taken Report (ATR), seeks to establish that the report is one-sided. Going further, Chief Minister Manohar Joshi termed the report "anti-Hindu, pro-Muslim and biased." }}</ref>
 He had influence in the film industry. His party workers agitated against films he found controversial and would disrupt film screenings, causing losses. [[Bombay (film)|''Bombay'']], a 1995 film on the riots was opposed by them.<ref name=":2" />