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===Celebrations=== | ===Celebrations=== | ||
Celebrations include worshipping nine goddesses in nine days, stage decorations, recital of the legend, enacting of the story, and chanting of the scriptures of [[Hinduism]]. The nine days are also a major crop season cultural event, such as competitive design and staging of ''[[pandal]]s'', a family visit to these ''pandals,'' and the public celebration of [[Dance in India|classical and folk dances]] of Hindu culture.<ref name="rinehart147">{{cite book|author=Robin Rinehart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&pg=PA147|title=Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2004|isbn=978-1-57607-905-8|pages=147–148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sue Penney|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETUlVS-xs_YC&pg=PA30|title=Hinduism|publisher=Heinemann|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4329-0314-5|pages=30–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ellen Koskoff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73MO0eiQD_EC|title=The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-99404-0|pages=992, 1015–1016}}</ref> Hindu devotees often celebrate Navaratri by fasting. On the final day, called [[Vijayadashami]], the statues are either immersed in a water body such as a river or ocean, or the statue symbolizing the evil is burnt with fireworks, marking the destruction of evil. The festival also starts the preparation for [[Diwali]], the festival of lights, which is celebrated twenty days after [[Vijayadashami]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Susan B. Gall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEYUAQAAIAAJ|title=The Asian-American Almanac|author2=Irene Natividad|publisher=Gale Research|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8103-9193-2|page=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Rina Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSGTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|title=Diwali|publisher=Orca|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4598-1008-2|pages=17–18}}</ref | Celebrations include worshipping nine goddesses in nine days, stage decorations, recital of the legend, enacting of the story, and chanting of the scriptures of [[Hinduism]]. The nine days are also a major crop season cultural event, such as competitive design and staging of ''[[pandal]]s'', a family visit to these ''pandals,'' and the public celebration of [[Dance in India|classical and folk dances]] of Hindu culture.<ref name="rinehart147">{{cite book|author=Robin Rinehart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&pg=PA147|title=Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2004|isbn=978-1-57607-905-8|pages=147–148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sue Penney|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETUlVS-xs_YC&pg=PA30|title=Hinduism|publisher=Heinemann|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4329-0314-5|pages=30–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ellen Koskoff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73MO0eiQD_EC|title=The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-99404-0|pages=992, 1015–1016}}</ref> Hindu devotees often celebrate Navaratri by fasting. On the final day, called [[Vijayadashami]], the statues are either immersed in a water body such as a river or ocean, or the statue symbolizing the evil is burnt with fireworks, marking the destruction of evil. The festival also starts the preparation for [[Diwali]], the festival of lights, which is celebrated twenty days after [[Vijayadashami]].<ref name="Fuller2004p108" /><ref>{{cite book|author1=Susan B. Gall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEYUAQAAIAAJ|title=The Asian-American Almanac|author2=Irene Natividad|publisher=Gale Research|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8103-9193-2|page=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Rina Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSGTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|title=Diwali|publisher=Orca|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4598-1008-2|pages=17–18}}</ref> | ||
=== Dates === | === Dates === | ||
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====Sharada Navaratri==== | ====Sharada Navaratri==== | ||
Sharada Navaratri is the most celebrated of the four Navaratri, named after ''Sharada'' which means autumn. It commences on the first day (''pratipada'') of the bright fortnight of the lunar month of [[Ashvini]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title=Sharad Navratri 2020: History, significance, shubh muhurat and all you need to know about nine avatars of Goddess Durga|url=https://english.jagran.com/lifestyle/navratri-2020-check-history-significance-schedule-and-shubh-muhurat-of-the-nineday-festival-10017950|access-date=2020-10-25|website=Jagran English}}</ref> The festival is celebrated for nine nights once every year during this month, which typically falls in the Gregorian months of September and October. The exact dates of the festival are determined according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, and sometimes the festival may be held for a day more or a day less depending on the adjustments for sun and moon movements and the leap year.{{sfn|Encyclopedia Britannica|2015}}<ref name=" | Sharada Navaratri is the most celebrated of the four Navaratri, named after ''Sharada'' which means autumn. It commences on the first day (''pratipada'') of the bright fortnight of the lunar month of [[Ashvini]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title=Sharad Navratri 2020: History, significance, shubh muhurat and all you need to know about nine avatars of Goddess Durga|url=https://english.jagran.com/lifestyle/navratri-2020-check-history-significance-schedule-and-shubh-muhurat-of-the-nineday-festival-10017950|access-date=2020-10-25|website=Jagran English}}</ref> The festival is celebrated for nine nights once every year during this month, which typically falls in the Gregorian months of September and October. The exact dates of the festival are determined according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, and sometimes the festival may be held for a day more or a day less depending on the adjustments for sun and moon movements and the leap year.{{sfn|Encyclopedia Britannica|2015}}<ref name="rinehart147" /><ref name="Fuller2004p108f" /> In many regions, the festival falls after the autumn harvest, and in others, during harvest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Navratri 2018: Date, Day-Wise Significance Of Sharad Navratri And Special Fasting Foods|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/navratri-2018-10-october-day-wise-significance-of-sharad-navratri-and-special-fasting-foods-1919567|access-date=2020-10-09|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> | ||
The festivities extend beyond goddess Durga and various other goddesses such as Saraswati and Lakshmi. Gods such as [[Ganesha]], [[Kartikeya]], [[Shiva]], and [[Parvati]] are regionally revered. For example, a notable pan-Hindu tradition during Navaratri is the adoration of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning, music, and arts, through [[Ayudha Puja]].<ref name="nilima111" /> On this day, which typically falls on the ninth day of Navaratri, peace and knowledge is celebrated. Warriors thank, decorate, and worship their weapons, offering prayers to Saraswati.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas B. Dirks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cegr6zH9PFEC&pg=PA39|title=The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1993|isbn=0-472-08187-X|pages=39–40}}</ref> Musicians upkeep, play, and pray their musical instruments. Farmers, carpenters, smiths, pottery makers, shopkeepers, and all sorts of tradespeople similarly decorate and worship their equipment, machinery, and tools of trade. Students visit their teachers, express respect, and seek their blessings.<ref name="nilima111" /><ref name="Jagannathan2005p115">{{cite book|author=Maithily Jagannathan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC&pg=PA115|title=South Indian Hindu Festivals and Traditions|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2005|isbn=978-81-7017-415-8|pages=115–117}}</ref> This tradition is particularly strong in South India, but is observed elsewhere too.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p115" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Navratri 2020: Date, Day-Wise Celebrate Navratri Story|url=https://www.motivationlifechangingstories.in/2020/10/celebrate-happy-navratri-story-in-hindi-full-short-story-of-maa-durga-in-hindi-Navratri-2020.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=motivationlifechangingstories.in/}}</ref> | The festivities extend beyond goddess Durga and various other goddesses such as Saraswati and Lakshmi. Gods such as [[Ganesha]], [[Kartikeya]], [[Shiva]], and [[Parvati]] are regionally revered. For example, a notable pan-Hindu tradition during Navaratri is the adoration of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning, music, and arts, through [[Ayudha Puja]].<ref name="nilima111" /> On this day, which typically falls on the ninth day of Navaratri, peace and knowledge is celebrated. Warriors thank, decorate, and worship their weapons, offering prayers to Saraswati.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas B. Dirks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cegr6zH9PFEC&pg=PA39|title=The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1993|isbn=0-472-08187-X|pages=39–40}}</ref> Musicians upkeep, play, and pray their musical instruments. Farmers, carpenters, smiths, pottery makers, shopkeepers, and all sorts of tradespeople similarly decorate and worship their equipment, machinery, and tools of trade. Students visit their teachers, express respect, and seek their blessings.<ref name="nilima111" /><ref name="Jagannathan2005p115">{{cite book|author=Maithily Jagannathan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC&pg=PA115|title=South Indian Hindu Festivals and Traditions|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2005|isbn=978-81-7017-415-8|pages=115–117}}</ref> This tradition is particularly strong in South India, but is observed elsewhere too.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p115" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Navratri 2020: Date, Day-Wise Celebrate Navratri Story|url=https://www.motivationlifechangingstories.in/2020/10/celebrate-happy-navratri-story-in-hindi-full-short-story-of-maa-durga-in-hindi-Navratri-2020.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=motivationlifechangingstories.in/}}</ref> | ||
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==Significance of each day== | ==Significance of each day== | ||
[[File:Navadurga.jpg|thumb|[[Navadurga]] - The nine goddesses worshipped in Navaratri.]] | [[File:Navadurga.jpg|thumb|[[Navadurga]] - The nine goddesses worshipped in Navaratri.]] | ||
The festival is associated to the prominent battle that took place between Durga and demon the [[Mahishasura]] and celebrates the victory of good over evil.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/events/navratri-2017-why-navratri-is-celebrated-for-9-days/articleshow/60856537.cms|title=Navratri 2017: Why Navratri is celebrated for 9 days – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> These nine days are solely dedicated to Durga and her eight avatars – the [[Navadurga]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/navratri-2017-significance-of-sharad-navratri-date-pooja-prasad-and-celebrations-1749811|title=Navratri 2017: Significance of Sharad Navratri, Date, Puja, Prasad and Celebrations|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> Each day is associated to an incarnation of the goddess:<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/religion/navadurga-the-nine-avatars-of-goddess-durga-worshipped-on-nine-days-of-navratri-4849996/|title=Navratri 2017: 9 avatars of Goddess Durga worshipped on the 9 days|date=2017-09-22|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-01-06|language=en}}</ref | The festival is associated to the prominent battle that took place between Durga and demon the [[Mahishasura]] and celebrates the victory of good over evil.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/events/navratri-2017-why-navratri-is-celebrated-for-9-days/articleshow/60856537.cms|title=Navratri 2017: Why Navratri is celebrated for 9 days – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> These nine days are solely dedicated to Durga and her eight avatars – the [[Navadurga]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/navratri-2017-significance-of-sharad-navratri-date-pooja-prasad-and-celebrations-1749811|title=Navratri 2017: Significance of Sharad Navratri, Date, Puja, Prasad and Celebrations|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> Each day is associated to an incarnation of the goddess:<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/religion/navadurga-the-nine-avatars-of-goddess-durga-worshipped-on-nine-days-of-navratri-4849996/|title=Navratri 2017: 9 avatars of Goddess Durga worshipped on the 9 days|date=2017-09-22|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-01-06|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/what-is-navratri-festivities-hinduism-hindu-festival-maa-durga-puja-indian-goddess/1/1052623.html|title=What is Navratri? What do these nine days of festivities mean?|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsonair.nic.in/Navratri-Festival.asp|title=Navratri Festival,Navratri Festival India,Navaratri Celebrations In India,Durga Navratri,Goddess Durga Festival|website=www.newsonair.nic.in|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> | ||
;Day 1 – Shailaputri | ;Day 1 – Shailaputri | ||