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|month=January|startedby=|firsttime=|frequency=Annual|scheduling=|official_name=Pongal|weekday=|ends=Tamil month Thai 3|begins=Tamil month Marghazhi 1|litcolor=|nickname=|alt=|date2021=Thursday, 14 January <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pongal-2021-date-know-the-days-dates-and-time-for-pongal-celebrations-2348481|title=Pongal 2021: Know The Days, Dates And Time For Pongal Celebrations |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref>|observances=to thank the Sun God, Lord Indra and cattles for helping farmers in getting better-yielding crops}}  
|month=January|startedby=|firsttime=|frequency=Annual|scheduling=|official_name=Pongal|weekday=|ends=Tamil month Thai 3|begins=Tamil month Marghazhi 1|litcolor=|nickname=|alt=|date2021=Thursday, 14 January <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pongal-2021-date-know-the-days-dates-and-time-for-pongal-celebrations-2348481|title=Pongal 2021: Know The Days, Dates And Time For Pongal Celebrations |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref>|observances=to thank the Sun God, Lord Indra and cattles for helping farmers in getting better-yielding crops}}  
{{Tamil transliteration}}
{{Tamil transliteration}}
'''Pongal''' ({{lang|ta|பொங்கல்}}, {{IPAc-en|'|θ|aɪ|'|p|oʊ|ŋ|ʌ|l}},  ''also spelled'' '''Poṅkal'''), is also referred to as '''Thai Pongal''' ({{lang|ta|தைப்பொங்கல்}}, also spelled '''Thai Pongal'''), is a multi-day [[Hindus|Hindu]] harvest festival of South India, particularly in [[Tamils|Tamil]] community.<ref name=britpongal>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pongal, Pongal], Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011), Quote: "Pongal, three-day Hindu festival held throughout South India. It is celebrated on the winter solstice, when, according to the traditional Hindu system of reckoning, the Sun, having reached its southernmost point, turns to the north again and reenters the sign of makara (Capricorn), usually on January 14."</ref><ref name="CushRobinson2008p610">{{cite book|author1=Denise Cush|author2=Catherine A. Robinson|author3=Michael York|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_T0HeWE-EAC |year=2008|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7007-1267-0|pages=610–611}}</ref><ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/> It is observed at the start of the month ''Thai'' according to Tamil solar calendar,<ref name="CushRobinson2008p610"/> and this is typically about January 14.<ref name=britpongal/><ref name=Beteille73>{{cite journal | last=Beteille | first=Andre | title=89. A Note on the Pongal Festival in a Tanjore Village | journal=Man | publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | volume=64 | year=1964 | issn=0025-1496 | doi=10.2307/2797924 | pages=73–75}}</ref> It is dedicated to the Hindu sun god, the [[Surya]],<ref>{{cite book|author=R Abbas|editor=S Ganeshram and C Bhavani|title=History of People and Their Environs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crxUQR_qBXYC |year=2011|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam|isbn=978-93-80325-91-0|pages=751–752}}</ref> and corresponds to [[Makar Sankranti]], the harvest festival under many regional names celebrated throughout India.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/><ref name="Melton2011p547">{{cite book|author=J. Gordon Melton|title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC |year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-206-7|pages=547–548}}</ref><ref name="HamiltonAmmayao2003">{{cite book|author1=Roy W. Hamilton|author2=Aurora Ammayao|title=The art of rice: spirit and sustenance in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yyQoAQAAMAAJ |year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-930741-98-3|pages=156–157}}</ref> The four days of the Pongal festival are called '''Bhogi Pongal''', '''Suryan Pongal,''' '''Maattu Pongal''' and '''Kaanum Pongal'''.<ref name="Mathews2017p207">{{cite book|author1=A Mani| author2=Pravin Prakash and Shanthini Selvarajan |editor=Mathew Mathews|title= Singapore Ethnic Mosaic, The: Many Cultures, One People |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4RIDwAAQBAJ |year=2017|publisher=World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore| isbn=978-981-323-475-8| pages=207–211}}</ref><ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/>
'''Pongal''' ({{lang|ta|பொங்கல்}}, {{IPAc-en|'|θ|aɪ|'|p|oʊ|ŋ|ʌ|l}},  ''also spelled'' '''Poṅkal'''), is also referred to as '''Thai Pongal''' ({{lang|ta|தைப்பொங்கல்}}, also spelled '''Thai Pongal'''), is a multi-day [[Hindus|Hindu]] harvest festival of South India, particularly in [[Tamils|Tamil]] community.<ref name=britpongal>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pongal, Pongal], Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011), Quote: "Pongal, three-day Hindu festival held throughout South India. It is celebrated on the winter solstice, when, according to the traditional Hindu system of reckoning, the Sun, having reached its southernmost point, turns to the north again and reenters the sign of makara (Capricorn), usually on January 14."</ref><ref name="CushRobinson2008p610">{{cite book|author1=Denise Cush|author2=Catherine A. Robinson|author3=Michael York|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_T0HeWE-EAC |year=2008|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7007-1267-0|pages=610–611}}</ref><ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/> It is observed at the start of the month ''Thai'' according to Tamil solar calendar,<ref name="CushRobinson2008p610"/> and this is typically about January 14.<ref name=Beteille73>{{cite journal | last=Beteille | first=Andre | title=89. A Note on the Pongal Festival in a Tanjore Village | journal=Man | publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | volume=64 | year=1964 | issn=0025-1496 | doi=10.2307/2797924 | pages=73–75}}</ref><ref name=britpongal/> It is dedicated to the Hindu sun god, the [[Surya]],<ref>{{cite book|author=R Abbas|editor=S Ganeshram and C Bhavani|title=History of People and Their Environs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crxUQR_qBXYC |year=2011|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam|isbn=978-93-80325-91-0|pages=751–752}}</ref> and corresponds to [[Makar Sankranti]], the harvest festival under many regional names celebrated throughout India.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/><ref name="Melton2011p547">{{cite book|author=J. Gordon Melton|title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC |year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-206-7|pages=547–548}}</ref><ref name="HamiltonAmmayao2003">{{cite book|author1=Roy W. Hamilton|author2=Aurora Ammayao|title=The art of rice: spirit and sustenance in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yyQoAQAAMAAJ |year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-930741-98-3|pages=156–157}}</ref> The four days of the Pongal festival are called '''Bhogi Pongal''', '''Suryan Pongal,''' '''Maattu Pongal''' and '''Kaanum Pongal'''.<ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/><ref name="Mathews2017p207">{{cite book|author1=A Mani| author2=Pravin Prakash and Shanthini Selvarajan |editor=Mathew Mathews|title= Singapore Ethnic Mosaic, The: Many Cultures, One People |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4RIDwAAQBAJ |year=2017|publisher=World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore| isbn=978-981-323-475-8| pages=207–211}}</ref>


According to tradition, the festival marks the end of winter solstice, and the start of the sun's six-month-long journey northwards when the sun enters the zodiac ''Makara'' (Capricorn).<ref name=britpongal2>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pongal, Pongal], Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011)</ref> The festival is named after the ceremonial "Pongal", which means "to boil, overflow" and refers to the traditional dish prepared from the new harvest of rice boiled in milk with jaggery (raw sugar).<ref name=britpongal2/><ref name="CushRobinson2008p610"/> To mark the festival, the pongal sweet dish is prepared, first offered to the gods and goddesses (goddess Pongal), followed sometimes with an offering to cows, and then shared by the family. Festive celebrations include decorating cows and their horns, ritual bathing and processions.<ref name=britpongal2/><ref name="CushRobinson2008p610"/><ref>{{cite journal|title= Food for the Gods in South India: An Exposition of Data|author= G. Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi| journal= Zeitschrift für Ethnologie|volume = Bd. 103, H. 1| year= 1978 |pp= 86–108| publisher= Dietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH| jstor=25841633}}</ref> It is traditionally an occasion for decorating rice-powder based [[kolam]] artworks, offering prayers in the home, temples, getting together with family and friends, and exchanging gifts to renew social bonds of solidarity.<ref name=Beteille73/><ref name="Goodp223"/>
According to tradition, the festival marks the end of winter solstice, and the start of the sun's six-month-long journey northwards when the sun enters the zodiac ''Makara'' (Capricorn).<ref name=britpongal2>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pongal, Pongal], Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011)</ref> The festival is named after the ceremonial "Pongal", which means "to boil, overflow" and refers to the traditional dish prepared from the new harvest of rice boiled in milk with jaggery (raw sugar).<ref name="CushRobinson2008p610"/><ref name=britpongal2/> To mark the festival, the pongal sweet dish is prepared, first offered to the gods and goddesses (goddess Pongal), followed sometimes with an offering to cows, and then shared by the family. Festive celebrations include decorating cows and their horns, ritual bathing and processions.<ref name="CushRobinson2008p610"/><ref name=britpongal2/><ref>{{cite journal|title= Food for the Gods in South India: An Exposition of Data|author= G. Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi| journal= Zeitschrift für Ethnologie|volume = Bd. 103, H. 1| year= 1978 |pp= 86–108| publisher= Dietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH| jstor=25841633}}</ref> It is traditionally an occasion for decorating rice-powder based [[kolam]] artworks, offering prayers in the home, temples, getting together with family and friends, and exchanging gifts to renew social bonds of solidarity.<ref name=Beteille73/><ref name="Goodp223"/>


Pongal is one of the most important festivals celebrated by Tamil people in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pongal in Andhra Pradesh - Festivals of Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Guntur. Customise a Getaway Package around a Festival.|url=http://www.nivalink.com/festival/pongal-in-ap|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.nivalink.com}}</ref> and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in India.<ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274" /><ref name="Richmond2007">{{cite book|last=Richmond|first=Simon|title=Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9a02sRJKFhMC&pg=PA490|access-date=3 January 2012|date=15 January 2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-708-1|page=490}}</ref> It is also a major Tamil festival in [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/malaysian-prime-minister-greets-ethnic-tamils-on-pongal-727321 |title=Malaysian Prime Minister Greets Ethnic Tamils on Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/najib-extends-pongal-wishes-to-indian-community |title=Najib extends Pongal wishes to Indian community &#124; Malaysia &#124; Malay Mail Online |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> and [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19370114-1.1.5.aspx |title=Newspaper Full Page - The Straits Times, 14 January 1937, Page 5 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaffnahindu.org/news/thai-pongal-tomorrow-thursday-15-jan-2015-131.html |title=Jaffna Hindu College :: Thai Pongal tomorrow, Thursday 15 Jan 2015 |access-date= 4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://slembassyusa.org/topstories/washington-embassy-celebrates-thai-pongal/ |title=Washington Embassy celebrates Thai Pongal &#124; Embassy of Sri Lanka – Washington DC USA |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> It is also observed by the Tamil diaspora worldwide,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=13552 |title=Thai Pongal celebrated across the globe |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/meaning-of-thai-pongal/article1178529.ece |title=Meaning of ‘Thai Pongal’ - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> including those in [[South Africa]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mhds.co.za/dates.html |title=.:: Midrand Hindu Dharma Sabha &#124; Hindu Festivals - Prayer Dates - Religious Calendar - 2015 - 2016 ::. |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tamilelibrary.org/teli/diaspora2.html |title=History of the Tamil Diaspora (V. Sivasupramaniam) |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>  [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Middle East]] and [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=920669 |title=Minister Kenney issues statement to mark Thai Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liberal.ca/statement-by-liberal-party-of-canada-leader-justin-trudeau-on-thai-pongal/ |title=» Statement by Liberal Party of Canada Leader Justin Trudeau on Thai Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harrowtimes.co.uk/news/11733392.Community_celebrates_Thai_Pongal_harvest_festival/?ref=mr |title=Community celebrates Thai Pongal harvest festival (From Harrow Times) |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>
Pongal is one of the most important festivals celebrated by Tamil people in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pongal in Andhra Pradesh - Festivals of Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Guntur. Customise a Getaway Package around a Festival.|url=http://www.nivalink.com/festival/pongal-in-ap|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.nivalink.com}}</ref> and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in India.<ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274" /><ref name="Richmond2007">{{cite book|last=Richmond|first=Simon|title=Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9a02sRJKFhMC&pg=PA490|access-date=3 January 2012|date=15 January 2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-708-1|page=490}}</ref> It is also a major Tamil festival in [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]],<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/malaysian-prime-minister-greets-ethnic-tamils-on-pongal-727321 |title=Malaysian Prime Minister Greets Ethnic Tamils on Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="themalaymailonline.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/najib-extends-pongal-wishes-to-indian-community |title=Najib extends Pongal wishes to Indian community &#124; Malaysia &#124; Malay Mail Online |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> and [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19370114-1.1.5.aspx |title=Newspaper Full Page - The Straits Times, 14 January 1937, Page 5 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaffnahindu.org/news/thai-pongal-tomorrow-thursday-15-jan-2015-131.html |title=Jaffna Hindu College :: Thai Pongal tomorrow, Thursday 15 Jan 2015 |access-date= 4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://slembassyusa.org/topstories/washington-embassy-celebrates-thai-pongal/ |title=Washington Embassy celebrates Thai Pongal &#124; Embassy of Sri Lanka – Washington DC USA |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> It is also observed by the Tamil diaspora worldwide,<ref name="tamilguardian.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=13552 |title=Thai Pongal celebrated across the globe |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/meaning-of-thai-pongal/article1178529.ece |title=Meaning of ‘Thai Pongal’ - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> including those in [[South Africa]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mhds.co.za/dates.html |title=.:: Midrand Hindu Dharma Sabha &#124; Hindu Festivals - Prayer Dates - Religious Calendar - 2015 - 2016 ::. |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="tamilelibrary.org">{{cite web |url=http://tamilelibrary.org/teli/diaspora2.html |title=History of the Tamil Diaspora (V. Sivasupramaniam) |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>  [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Middle East]] and [[Canada]].<ref name="news.gc.ca">{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=920669 |title=Minister Kenney issues statement to mark Thai Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="liberal.ca">{{cite web |url=https://www.liberal.ca/statement-by-liberal-party-of-canada-leader-justin-trudeau-on-thai-pongal/ |title=» Statement by Liberal Party of Canada Leader Justin Trudeau on Thai Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="harrowtimes.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.harrowtimes.co.uk/news/11733392.Community_celebrates_Thai_Pongal_harvest_festival/?ref=mr |title=Community celebrates Thai Pongal harvest festival (From Harrow Times) |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>


==Etymology and history==
==Etymology and history==
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  | footer = Festive dress, dance event and community processions for Pongal.
  | footer = Festive dress, dance event and community processions for Pongal.
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Kaanum Pongal, sometimes called the Kaanum Pongal, the fourth day of the festival, marks the end of Pongal festivities for the year.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/pongal-tamil-nadu-harvest-festival-bhogi-mattu-kaanum-thai-303924-2016-01-15 What is Pongal? Learn some amazing facts about this harvest festival], Shreya Biswas, India Today (January 15 2016)</ref> The word ''kaanum'' (''kaanum'') in this context means "to visit."  Many families hold reunions on this day. Communities organize social events to strengthen mutual bonds.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/> Villagers cut and consume farm fresh sugarcane during social gatherings.<ref>{{cite book|author1=K.R. Gupta|author2=Amita Gupta|title=Concise Encyclopaedia of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dNOT9iYxcMC&pg=PA987 |year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers |isbn=978-81-269-0639-0|pages=986–987}}</ref> Relatives, friends and neighbors visit to greet, while youngsters go out to meet seniors among the relatives and neighborhoods to pay respects and seek blessings, while some elders give the visiting children some pocket change as a gift.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/><ref>{{cite book|author=M. N. Pushpa|title=An Ethnographic Study of the Urikara Naicken Community of Taminadu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BIvtZopHlcC| year=2012|publisher= Government Museum|page=59}}</ref>
Kaanum Pongal, sometimes called the Kaanum Pongal, the fourth day of the festival, marks the end of Pongal festivities for the year.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/pongal-tamil-nadu-harvest-festival-bhogi-mattu-kaanum-thai-303924-2016-01-15 What is Pongal? Learn some amazing facts about this harvest festival], Shreya Biswas, India Today (January 15, 2016)</ref> The word ''kaanum'' (''kaanum'') in this context means "to visit."  Many families hold reunions on this day. Communities organize social events to strengthen mutual bonds.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/> Villagers cut and consume farm fresh sugarcane during social gatherings.<ref>{{cite book|author1=K.R. Gupta|author2=Amita Gupta|title=Concise Encyclopaedia of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dNOT9iYxcMC&pg=PA987 |year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers |isbn=978-81-269-0639-0|pages=986–987}}</ref> Relatives, friends and neighbors visit to greet, while youngsters go out to meet seniors among the relatives and neighborhoods to pay respects and seek blessings, while some elders give the visiting children some pocket change as a gift.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/><ref>{{cite book|author=M. N. Pushpa|title=An Ethnographic Study of the Urikara Naicken Community of Taminadu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BIvtZopHlcC| year=2012|publisher= Government Museum|page=59}}</ref>


''Kaanu Pidi'' is a tradition observed on Maattu Pongal by women and young girls. They place a leaf of turmeric plant outside their home, and feed the leftover pongal dish and food from Surya Pongal to the birds, particularly crow.<ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/><ref name="Gough2008p230"/> They pray for their brothers' well being, in a manner similar to ''Bhaiya dooj'' in north India.<ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/> Brothers pay special tribute to their married sisters by giving gifts as affirmation of their filial love.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/>
''Kaanu Pidi'' is a tradition observed on Maattu Pongal by women and young girls. They place a leaf of turmeric plant outside their home, and feed the leftover pongal dish and food from Surya Pongal to the birds, particularly crow.<ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/><ref name="Gough2008p230"/> They pray for their brothers' well being, in a manner similar to ''Bhaiya dooj'' in north India.<ref name="Ramaswamy2017p274"/> Brothers pay special tribute to their married sisters by giving gifts as affirmation of their filial love.<ref name="Mathews2017p207"/>
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==Outside India==
==Outside India==
The festival is observed by the Tamil diaspora worldwide,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=13552 |title=Thai Pongal celebrated across the globe |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/meaning-of-thai-pongal/article1178529.ece |title=Meaning of ‘Thai Pongal’ - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> including those in [[Malaysia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/malaysian-prime-minister-greets-ethnic-tamils-on-pongal-727321 |title=Malaysian Prime Minister Greets Ethnic Tamils on Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/najib-extends-pongal-wishes-to-indian-community |title=Najib extends Pongal wishes to Indian community &#124; Malaysia &#124; Malay Mail Online |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> [[Mauritius]], [[South Africa]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mhds.co.za/dates.html |title=.:: Midrand Hindu Dharma Sabha &#124; Hindu Festivals - Prayer Dates - Religious Calendar - 2015 - 2016 ::. |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tamilelibrary.org/teli/diaspora2.html |title=History of the Tamil Diaspora (V. Sivasupramaniam) |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> [[Singapore]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19370114-1.1.5.aspx |title=Newspaper Full Page - The Straits Times, 14 January 1937, Page 5 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], and [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=920669 |title=Minister Kenney issues statement to mark Thai Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liberal.ca/statement-by-liberal-party-of-canada-leader-justin-trudeau-on-thai-pongal/ |title=» Statement by Liberal Party of Canada Leader Justin Trudeau on Thai Pongal |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harrowtimes.co.uk/news/11733392.Community_celebrates_Thai_Pongal_harvest_festival/?ref=mr |title=Community celebrates Thai Pongal harvest festival (From Harrow Times) |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>
The festival is observed by the Tamil diaspora worldwide,<ref name="tamilguardian.com"/><ref name="The Hindu2008"/> including those in [[Malaysia]],<ref name="ndtv.com"/><ref name="themalaymailonline.com"/> [[Mauritius]], [[South Africa]],<ref name="tamilelibrary.org"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mhds.co.za/dates.html |title=.:: Midrand Hindu Dharma Sabha &#124; Hindu Festivals - Prayer Dates - Religious Calendar - 2015 - 2016 ::. |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> [[Singapore]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19370114-1.1.5.aspx |title=Newspaper Full Page - The Straits Times, 14 January 1937, Page 5 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], and [[Canada]].<ref name="news.gc.ca"/><ref name="liberal.ca"/><ref name="harrowtimes.co.uk"/>


In 2017, Delegate [[David Bulova]] introduced a [http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?171+ful+HJ573 joint resolution HJ573] in the [[Virginia House of Delegates]] to designate January 14 of each year as Pongal Day.
In 2017, Delegate [[David Bulova]] introduced a [http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?171+ful+HJ573 joint resolution HJ573] in the [[Virginia House of Delegates]] to designate January 14 of each year as Pongal Day.
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