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There are many different languages and [[culture]]s in India. The only geographical place with more different languages and cultures is the [[Africa|African continent]]. There are two main language families in India, the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] and the [[Dravidian languages]]. About 69% of Indians speak an Indo-Arayan language, about 26% speak a Dravidian language. Other languages spoken in India come from the [[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]] group. Around 5% of the people speak a [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] language. | There are many different languages and [[culture]]s in India. The only geographical place with more different languages and cultures is the [[Africa|African continent]]. There are two main language families in India, the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] and the [[Dravidian languages]]. About 69% of Indians speak an Indo-Arayan language, about 26% speak a Dravidian language. Other languages spoken in India come from the [[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]] group. Around 5% of the people speak a [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] language. | ||
[[Hindi]] is the official language in India with the largest number of speakers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Languages by number of speakers according to 1991 census|publisher= Central Institute of Indian Languages|url=http://www.ciil.org/Main/Languages/map4.htm|accessdate=August 2, 2007}}</ref> It is the official language of the union.<ref>Mallikarjun, B. (Nov., 2004), [http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2004/mallikarjunmalaysiapaper1.html Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi–The Official Language of India], [http://www.languageinindia.com/index.html ''Language in India''], Volume 4, Number 11. ISSN 1930-2940.</ref> Native speakers of Hindi represent about 41% of the Indian population (2001 Indian census). English is also used, mostly for business and in the administration. It has the status of a 'subsidiary official language'.<ref name=English-subsidiary>{{cite web|title=Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L. (Ministry of Home Affairs), dated 27 April, 1960|url=http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/preseng.htm|accessdate=July 4, 2007|archive-date=October 6, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006230547/http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/preseng.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The constitution also recognises 21 other languages. Either many people speak those languages, or they have been recognised to be very important for Indian culture. The number of [[wikt:dialect|dialect]]s in India is as high as 1,652. | [[Hindi]] is the official language in India with the largest number of speakers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Languages by number of speakers according to 1991 census|publisher= Central Institute of Indian Languages|url=http://www.ciil.org/Main/Languages/map4.htm|accessdate=August 2, 2007}}</ref> It is the official language of the union.<ref>Mallikarjun, B. (Nov., 2004), [http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2004/mallikarjunmalaysiapaper1.html Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi–The Official Language of India], [http://www.languageinindia.com/index.html ''Language in India''], Volume 4, Number 11. ISSN 1930-2940.</ref> Native speakers of Hindi represent about 41% of the Indian population (2001 Indian census). English is also used, mostly for business and in the administration. It has the status of a 'subsidiary official language'.<ref name=English-subsidiary>{{cite web|title=Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L. (Ministry of Home Affairs), dated 27 April, 1960|url=http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/preseng.htm|accessdate=July 4, 2007|archive-date=October 6, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006230547/http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/preseng.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The constitution also recognises 21 other languages. Either many people speak those languages, or they have been recognised to be very important for Indian culture. The number of [[wikt:dialect|dialect]]s in India is as high as 1,652. | ||
In the south of India, many people speak [[Kannada]], [[Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]]. In the north, many people speak [[Chhattisgarh]]i, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Odia]], and [[Bihar]]i.<ref name="pandit1977">Prabodh Bechardas Pandit, "Language in a Plural Society", Dev Raj Chanana Memorial Committee, 1977.</ref><ref name="britannica1993">Robert McHenry, "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica", ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1993.</ref> | In the south of India, many people speak [[Kannada]], [[Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]]. In the north, many people speak [[Chhattisgarh]]i, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Odia]], and [[Bihar]]i.<ref name="pandit1977">Prabodh Bechardas Pandit, "Language in a Plural Society", Dev Raj Chanana Memorial Committee, 1977.</ref><ref name="britannica1993">Robert McHenry, "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica", ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1993.</ref> | ||