Republic TV: Difference between revisions

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=== Funding ===
=== Funding ===
''Republic TV'' was funded in part by [[Asianet News|Asianet]] (ARG Outlier Asianet News Private Limited), which was primarily funded by [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]], a then-independent member of [[Rajya Sabha]] who had intricate links with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and was vice-chairman of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/arnab-goswami-republic-rajeev-chandrasekhar-accuses-wire-of-congress-conspiracy|title=What the Nation Wants to Know but Arnab's Republic Won't Tell You|work=The Quint|access-date=2018-09-02|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Among other major investors were Goswami, his wife, educationists [[Ramdas Pai]] and [[Ramakanta Panda]]—all of whom invested through SARG Media Holding Private Ltd.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaushik|first1=Krishn|title=Kerala NDA vice-chairman Rajeev Chandrasekhar investor, director in Arnab Goswami's Republic|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/nda-mp-rajeev-chandrasekhar-investor-director-in-arnab-goswami-channel/|accessdate=27 April 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=13 January 2017}}</ref>
''Republic TV'' was funded in part by [[Asianet News|Asianet]] (ARG Outlier Asianet News Private Limited), which was primarily funded by [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]], a then-independent member of [[Rajya Sabha]] who had intricate links with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and was vice-chairman of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] in Kerala.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/arnab-goswami-republic-rajeev-chandrasekhar-accuses-wire-of-congress-conspiracy|title=What the Nation Wants to Know but Arnab's Republic Won't Tell You|work=The Quint|access-date=2018-09-02|language=en}}</ref> Among other major investors were Goswami, his wife, educationists [[Ramdas Pai]] and [[Ramakanta Panda]]—all of whom invested through SARG Media Holding Private Ltd.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaushik|first1=Krishn|title=Kerala NDA vice-chairman Rajeev Chandrasekhar investor, director in Arnab Goswami's Republic|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/nda-mp-rajeev-chandrasekhar-investor-director-in-arnab-goswami-channel/|accessdate=27 April 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=13 January 2017}}</ref>


Chandrasekhar resigned from the board, after he officially joined the BJP in April 2018;<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/rajeev-chandrasekhar-resigns-as-board-director-of-republic-tv-says-decision-taken-as-he-is-now-bjp-mp-4415047.html|title=Rajeev Chandrasekhar resigns as board director of Republic TV, says decision taken as he is now BJP MP - Firstpost|last=|first=|date=2 April 2018|website=www.firstpost.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2018-09-02}}</ref> Goswami purchased back Asianet's shares in May 2019.<ref name="livemint05062019">[https://www.livemint.com/ Arnab Goswami buys back Republic Media shares from Asianet], Live Mint (A Hindustan Times Media company), Lata Jha (May 6, 2019)</ref><ref name="financialexpress05062019">[https://www.financialexpress.com/market/arnab-goswami-buys-back-shares-from-asianet-republic-tv-now-valued-at-this-much/1569639/ Arnab Goswami buys back shares from Asianet; Republic TV now valued at this much], The Financial Express (May 6, 2019)</ref>
Chandrasekhar resigned from the board, after he officially joined the BJP in April 2018;<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/rajeev-chandrasekhar-resigns-as-board-director-of-republic-tv-says-decision-taken-as-he-is-now-bjp-mp-4415047.html|title=Rajeev Chandrasekhar resigns as board director of Republic TV, says decision taken as he is now BJP MP - Firstpost|last=|first=|date=2 April 2018|website=www.firstpost.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2018-09-02}}</ref> Goswami purchased back Asianet's shares in May 2019.<ref name="livemint05062019">[https://www.livemint.com/ Arnab Goswami buys back Republic Media shares from Asianet], Live Mint (A Hindustan Times Media company), Lata Jha (May 6, 2019)</ref><ref name="financialexpress05062019">[https://www.financialexpress.com/market/arnab-goswami-buys-back-shares-from-asianet-republic-tv-now-valued-at-this-much/1569639/ Arnab Goswami buys back shares from Asianet; Republic TV now valued at this much], The Financial Express (May 6, 2019)</ref>
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The channel has been noted for its opinionated reporting<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/29/peeing-human-is-waging-a-war-on-modia-heres-how-and-why|title=Peeing Human is waging a war on 'Modia'. Here's how, and why|last=Verma|first=Ramit|date=29 October 2019|work=Newslaundry|access-date=}}</ref> in support of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/heres-why-you-will-watch-arnab-goswami-navika-kumar-long-after-election-results-are-out/310364/|title=Here's why you will watch Arnab Goswami & Navika Kumar long after election results are out|last=Bajpai|first=Shailaja|date=2019-10-24|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-02}}</ref> and [[Hindutva]] across a wide spectrum of situations,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/30/indian-journalists-got-a-chance-to-grill-controversial-meps-touring-kashmir-they-asked-about-pakistan-western-media|title=Indian journalists got a chance to grill controversial MEPs touring Kashmir. They asked about Pakistan, western media|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=30 October 2019|work=Newslaundry|access-date=2019-11-01|url-status=live|language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/21/bloodlust-tv-calling-out-indias-hate-media|title=Bloodlust TV: Calling out India's hate media|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=21 October 2019|work=Newslaundry}}</ref> including by presenting political opponents in a negative light and avoiding criticism of figures from ruling parties.{{refn|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/07/04/rahul-gandhis-resignation-allowed-tv-channels-to-do-what-they-do-best|title=Rahul Gandhi's resignation allowed TV channels to do what they do best|last=S|first=Meghnad|date=4 July 2019|work=Newslaundry|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Drabu|first=Onaiza|date=2018|title=Who Is the Muslim? Discursive Representations of the Muslims and Islam in Indian Prime-Time News|journal=Religions|language=en|volume=9|issue=9|pages=283|doi=10.3390/rel9090283|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/podcast/big-story-podcast-questions-arnab-goswami-didnt-ask-modi-in-republic-tv-interview|title=Podcast {{!}} Questions Arnab Goswami Didn't Ask Modi|date=2019-03-29|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/sham-republic-tvs-twitter-polls/|title=The sham of Republic TV's Twitter Polls|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=2018-01-22|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1570899/how-narendra-modi-has-almost-killed-indian-media/|title=How Narendra Modi has almost killed the Indian media|last=Inamdar|first=Nikhil|website=Quartz India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/one-month-republic-tv-fare/|title=One month of Republic TV – How did they fare?|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=2017-06-08|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/republic-claims-rahul-gandhi-owaisi-asked-people-not-stand-national-anthem-true/|title=Republic claims Rahul Gandhi and Owaisi asked people not to stand up for National Anthem. Is that true?|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=2017-10-27|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/912779/the-daily-fix-why-the-fir-ordered-against-arnab-goswami-is-a-blow-against-free-media|title=The Daily Fix: Why the FIR ordered against Arnab Goswami is a blow to free media|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|journal=The New Yorker|date=2019-12-02|access-date=2019-12-03|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}</ref>}} It has also been alleged that the channel popularized the neologisms of "[[Vivek Agnihotri#Urban Naxals|Urban Naxal]]" and "anti-national" to denote those critical to right wing sentiments and evoke [[hyper-nationalism]] among the audience.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Mishra|first1=Samarth|last2=Kumar Shukla|first2=Aditya|date=2019|title=Balancing Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech: Case of India|url=https://www.pramanaresearch.org/gallery/prj-p1189.pdf|journal=Pramana Research Journal|volume=9|issue=6|pages=1414|issn=2249-2976}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/on-the-run-4/|title=On the run|last1=Bajpai|first1=Shailaja|date=11 May 2017|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Attempts to quell communal tensions through irresponsible reporting containing religious overtones have been alleged.<ref name=":2" />
The channel has been noted for its opinionated reporting<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/29/peeing-human-is-waging-a-war-on-modia-heres-how-and-why|title=Peeing Human is waging a war on 'Modia'. Here's how, and why|last=Verma|first=Ramit|date=29 October 2019|work=Newslaundry|access-date=}}</ref> in support of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/heres-why-you-will-watch-arnab-goswami-navika-kumar-long-after-election-results-are-out/310364/|title=Here's why you will watch Arnab Goswami & Navika Kumar long after election results are out|last=Bajpai|first=Shailaja|date=2019-10-24|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-02}}</ref> and [[Hindutva]] across a wide spectrum of situations,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/30/indian-journalists-got-a-chance-to-grill-controversial-meps-touring-kashmir-they-asked-about-pakistan-western-media|title=Indian journalists got a chance to grill controversial MEPs touring Kashmir. They asked about Pakistan, western media|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=30 October 2019|work=Newslaundry|access-date=2019-11-01|url-status=live|language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/21/bloodlust-tv-calling-out-indias-hate-media|title=Bloodlust TV: Calling out India's hate media|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=21 October 2019|work=Newslaundry}}</ref> including by presenting political opponents in a negative light and avoiding criticism of figures from ruling parties.{{refn|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/07/04/rahul-gandhis-resignation-allowed-tv-channels-to-do-what-they-do-best|title=Rahul Gandhi's resignation allowed TV channels to do what they do best|last=S|first=Meghnad|date=4 July 2019|work=Newslaundry|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Drabu|first=Onaiza|date=2018|title=Who Is the Muslim? Discursive Representations of the Muslims and Islam in Indian Prime-Time News|journal=Religions|language=en|volume=9|issue=9|pages=283|doi=10.3390/rel9090283|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/podcast/big-story-podcast-questions-arnab-goswami-didnt-ask-modi-in-republic-tv-interview|title=Podcast {{!}} Questions Arnab Goswami Didn't Ask Modi|date=2019-03-29|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/sham-republic-tvs-twitter-polls/|title=The sham of Republic TV's Twitter Polls|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=2018-01-22|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1570899/how-narendra-modi-has-almost-killed-indian-media/|title=How Narendra Modi has almost killed the Indian media|last=Inamdar|first=Nikhil|website=Quartz India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/one-month-republic-tv-fare/|title=One month of Republic TV – How did they fare?|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=2017-06-08|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/republic-claims-rahul-gandhi-owaisi-asked-people-not-stand-national-anthem-true/|title=Republic claims Rahul Gandhi and Owaisi asked people not to stand up for National Anthem. Is that true?|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=2017-10-27|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/912779/the-daily-fix-why-the-fir-ordered-against-arnab-goswami-is-a-blow-against-free-media|title=The Daily Fix: Why the FIR ordered against Arnab Goswami is a blow to free media|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|journal=The New Yorker|date=2019-12-02|access-date=2019-12-03|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}</ref>}} It has also been alleged that the channel popularized the neologisms of "[[Vivek Agnihotri#Urban Naxals|Urban Naxal]]" and "anti-national" to denote those critical to right wing sentiments and evoke [[hyper-nationalism]] among the audience.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Mishra|first1=Samarth|last2=Kumar Shukla|first2=Aditya|date=2019|title=Balancing Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech: Case of India|url=https://www.pramanaresearch.org/gallery/prj-p1189.pdf|journal=Pramana Research Journal|volume=9|issue=6|pages=1414|issn=2249-2976}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/on-the-run-4/|title=On the run|last1=Bajpai|first1=Shailaja|date=11 May 2017|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> Attempts to quell communal tensions through irresponsible reporting containing religious overtones have been alleged.<ref name=":2" />


The channel has been compared to [[Media of North Korea|North Korean media]] for its extreme pro-government affinity and muzzling of dissent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2017/06/08/tale-of-two-republics-arun-shourie-indian-media-north-korea|title=Tale of Two Republics: Why Shourie Compared Our Media to N Korea's|date=2017-06-08|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian Democracy: Origins, Trajectories, Contestations|last=Varadarajan|first=Siddharth|date=2019|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9780745338927|editor-last=Nilsen|editor-first=Alf Gunvald|location=|pages=59–60|chapter=The State and/of the Media in Modi’s India|editor-last2=Nielsen|editor-first2=Kenneth Bo|editor-last3=Vaidya|editor-first3=Anand|jstor=j.ctvdmwxfb.9}}</ref> Noted political scientist [[Christophe Jaffrelot]], journalist [[Dexter Filkins]] and others compare it to [[Fox News]], an American TV channel that practices [[Fox News controversies|biased reporting]] in favor of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Edward|last2=Jaffrelot|first2=Christophe|date=2018-10-02|title=Hindu nationalism and the 'saffronisation of the public sphere': an interview with Christophe Jaffrelot|journal=Contemporary South Asia|volume=26|issue=4|pages=468–482|doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1545009|s2cid=150328837|issn=0958-4935}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTyVp-sAXT4|title=Brash and bigoted: How Arnab Goswami changed India's TV debate|website=The Listening Post|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|host=Meenakshi Ravi|date=18 February 2020|time=04:55-05:02|access-date=18 February 2020|last=|first=}}</ref>
The channel has been compared to [[Media of North Korea|North Korean media]] for its extreme pro-government affinity and muzzling of dissent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2017/06/08/tale-of-two-republics-arun-shourie-indian-media-north-korea|title=Tale of Two Republics: Why Shourie Compared Our Media to N Korea's|date=2017-06-08|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian Democracy: Origins, Trajectories, Contestations|last=Varadarajan|first=Siddharth|date=2019|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9780745338927|editor-last=Nilsen|editor-first=Alf Gunvald|location=|pages=59–60|chapter=The State and/of the Media in Modi’s India|editor-last2=Nielsen|editor-first2=Kenneth Bo|editor-last3=Vaidya|editor-first3=Anand|jstor=j.ctvdmwxfb.9}}</ref> Noted political scientist [[Christophe Jaffrelot]], journalist [[Dexter Filkins]] and others compare it to [[Fox News]], an American TV channel that practices [[Fox News controversies|biased reporting]] in favor of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Edward|last2=Jaffrelot|first2=Christophe|date=2018-10-02|title=Hindu nationalism and the 'saffronisation of the public sphere': an interview with Christophe Jaffrelot|journal=Contemporary South Asia|volume=26|issue=4|pages=468–482|doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1545009|s2cid=150328837|issn=0958-4935}}</ref><ref>{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTyVp-sAXT4|title=Brash and bigoted: How Arnab Goswami changed India's TV debate|website=The Listening Post|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|host=Meenakshi Ravi|date=18 February 2020|time=04:55-05:02|access-date=18 February 2020|last=|first=}}</ref>


Vanita Kohli-Khandekar, on ''Business Standard'', noted it to be a "noisy, chaotic place where coherent debate without shouting, screaming and name-calling is impossible";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/arnab-s-republic-a-reflection-of-what-india-has-become-noisy-and-chaotic-117050800471_1.html|title=Arnab's Republic a reflection of what India has become- noisy and chaotic|last1=Kohli-Khandekar|first1=Vanita|date=8 May 2017|work=Business Standard|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> others have noted of its shows to be a "battle of babble", [[Judgmental language|judgmental]], brash and [[War hawk|hawkish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/arnab-goswamis-republic-tv-is-losing-the-battle-of-babble-why-not-try-something-completely-different-3488225.html|title=Arnab Goswami's Republic TV is losing the battle of babble; why not try something completely different?|date=27 May 2017|work=[[Firstpost]]|accessdate=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/law/press-is-watchdog-of-constitution-why-court-dismissed-bjp-mps-plea-against-the-wire|title=Why Court Dismissed BJP MP Rajeev Chandrasekhar's Plea Against The Wire|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-11-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/media/arnab-goswami-republic-tv-jignesh-mevani|title=Debate: Why Arnab Goswami's Banana 'Republic' Also Needs to Have a Seat at the Table|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref> Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, in a ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' article, noted its coverage of the [[India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)|2019 India-Pakistan conflict]], to put [[jingoism]] ahead of journalism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/01/indias-media-is-war-crazy/|title=India's Media Is War-Crazy|last=Chandrashekhar|first=Vaishnavi|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref> Historian [[Ramachandra Guha]] noted it to be a pro-government channel, which ignored issues of joblessness, agrarian distress et al. and instead took to demonizing [[Pakistan]] along with opposition parties, furthering religious bigotry in the process.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/from-indo-pak-to-chindia-and-back-to-indo-pak/story-mgKuGCjpx15SIoMkWYLUBO.html|title=From Indo-Pak to Chindia and back to Indo-Pak, writes Ramachandra Guha|date=2019-12-14|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-12-15}}</ref>
Vanita Kohli-Khandekar, on ''Business Standard'', noted it to be a "noisy, chaotic place where coherent debate without shouting, screaming and name-calling is impossible";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/arnab-s-republic-a-reflection-of-what-india-has-become-noisy-and-chaotic-117050800471_1.html|title=Arnab's Republic a reflection of what India has become- noisy and chaotic|last1=Kohli-Khandekar|first1=Vanita|date=8 May 2017|work=Business Standard|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> others have noted of its shows to be a "battle of babble", [[Judgmental language|judgmental]], brash and [[War hawk|hawkish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/arnab-goswamis-republic-tv-is-losing-the-battle-of-babble-why-not-try-something-completely-different-3488225.html|title=Arnab Goswami's Republic TV is losing the battle of babble; why not try something completely different?|date=27 May 2017|work=[[Firstpost]]|accessdate=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/law/press-is-watchdog-of-constitution-why-court-dismissed-bjp-mps-plea-against-the-wire|title=Why Court Dismissed BJP MP Rajeev Chandrasekhar's Plea Against The Wire|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-11-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/media/arnab-goswami-republic-tv-jignesh-mevani|title=Debate: Why Arnab Goswami's Banana 'Republic' Also Needs to Have a Seat at the Table|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref> Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, in a ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' article, noted its coverage of the [[India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)|2019 India-Pakistan conflict]], to put [[jingoism]] ahead of journalism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/01/indias-media-is-war-crazy/|title=India's Media Is War-Crazy|last=Chandrashekhar|first=Vaishnavi|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref> Historian [[Ramachandra Guha]] noted it to be a pro-government channel, which ignored issues of joblessness, agrarian distress et al. and instead took to demonizing [[Pakistan]] along with opposition parties, furthering religious bigotry in the process.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/from-indo-pak-to-chindia-and-back-to-indo-pak/story-mgKuGCjpx15SIoMkWYLUBO.html|title=From Indo-Pak to Chindia and back to Indo-Pak, writes Ramachandra Guha|date=2019-12-14|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-12-15}}</ref>