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'''Anamudi''' is a mountain located in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India, at an elevation of {{convert|2695|m|ft}}<ref name="kertour"/><ref name="eravinp"/> and a [[topographic prominence]] of {{convert|2479|m|ft}}.<ref name="peaklist"/> It lies on the border of | '''Anamudi''' is a mountain located in [[Idukki district]]s of the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and in South India, at an elevation of {{convert|2695|m|ft}}<ref name="kertour"/><ref name="eravinp"/> and a [[topographic prominence]] of {{convert|2479|m|ft}}.<ref name="peaklist"/> It lies on the border of [[Idukki district]] and [[Ernakulam district]].<ref name = "soimap"/> The name Anamudi literally translates to "elephant's head" a reference to the resemblance of the mountain to an elephant's head.<ref>{{harvnb|The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5|1909|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_342.gif 334]|Ref=imp}}</ref> | ||
Anamudi is the highest mountain in peninsular India as well as the largest mountain in Kerala. Meanwhile, the highest independent mountain ( free-standing mountain ) in Kerala is the Cheriyam mountain in [[Malappuram district]]. Cheriyam mountain is located at an elevation of 613 m (2,011 ft) above sea level. | |||
Anamudi is the highest mountain in peninsular India as well as the largest mountain in Kerala. Meanwhile, the highest independent mountain ( free-standing mountain ) in Kerala is the Cheriyam mountain in | |||
The first recorded ascent of Anamudi was by General [[Douglas Hamilton]] of the Madras Army on 4 May 1862,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} but it is likely that there had been earlier ascents by local people. | The first recorded ascent of Anamudi was by General [[Douglas Hamilton]] of the Madras Army on 4 May 1862,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} but it is likely that there had been earlier ascents by local people. | ||
Anamudi peak is one of only three ultra prominent peaks in [[List of Ultras of Tibet, East Asia and neighbouring areas|South India]]. It is also the peak with the greatest [[topographic isolation]] within India.<ref name="isolist">{{cite web|url=http://peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=302|title=World Peaks with 300 km of Isolation|publisher=Peakbagger.com|access-date= 2017-11-12}}</ref>It is the highest point in India south of [[Himalayas]]. Thus it is known as "'''Everest of South India'''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/up-the-everest-of-the-south/2017/07/25/1633161.html |title= Up the Everest of the South - The New Indian Express |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> | Anamudi peak is one of only three ultra prominent peaks in [[List of Ultras of Tibet, East Asia and neighbouring areas|South India]]. It is also the peak with the greatest [[topographic isolation]] within India.<ref name="isolist">{{cite web|url=http://peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=302|title=World Peaks with 300 km of Isolation|publisher=Peakbagger.com|access-date= 2017-11-12}}</ref>It is the highest point in India south of [[Himalayas]]. Thus it is known as "'''Everest of South India'''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/up-the-everest-of-the-south/2017/07/25/1633161.html |title= Up the Everest of the South - The New Indian Express |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> | ||
The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in term of steepness or local relief and is a [[fault-block mountain]].<ref name="brit">{{cite book|last=Hoiberg|first=Dale|author2=Ramchandani, Indu|title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5|editor=Dale Hoiberg|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2000|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&lpg=PA63&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q=&f=false 63]|isbn=0-85229-760-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&pg=PP1}}</ref> It is located in the southern region of [[Eravikulam National Park]] at the junction of the [[Cardamom Hills]], the [[Anaimalai Hills]] and the [[Palani Hills]]. The nearest town is [[Munnar]], {{convert|13|km|mi}}. The easiest route to the summit of Anamudi is a technically easy hike on grass slopes, starting from a rolling hill plateau with a base elevation of about {{convert|2000|m|ft}}. The north and south slopes are gentle, while the east and west slopes are steeper, with more difficult rock faces. | |||
Anamudi and the [[Eravikulam National Park]] surrounding it is home to the largest surviving population of the [[Nilgiri tahr]] (''[[Nilgiritragus hylocrius]]''). [[Asian elephant]]s, [[gaur]], [[Bengal tiger]]s, and the [[Nilgiri marten]] (Martes gwatkinsii) are some of the species of animals found here .<ref name="imp220"/> The Anamudi peak<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaaffairs.com/anamudi-peak-eravikulam-national-park/ |title=Anamudi peak |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503065412/http://www.keralaaffairs.com/anamudi-peak-eravikulam-national-park/ |archive-date=3 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> area is also habitat of a unique frog ''[[Raorchestes resplendens]]''.<ref name="eravisig">{{cite web |url=http://eravikulam.org/significance/|title=Significance of Eravikulam National Park|publisher= Eravikulam National Park|access-date=2014-11-26}}</ref> This newly discovered species is located in the Eravikulam National Park and is restricted to less than three km<sup>2</sup> on the summit of Anamudi.<ref name="anamhin">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/New-species-of-frog-found-in-Eravikulam-National-Park/article16298734.ece|title=New species of frog found in Eravikulam National Park|date=5 May 2010|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref> The summit of the Anamudi is vegetated with patches of stunted ''[[Arundinaria]] densifolia'' and ''[[Gaultheria]] fragrantissima'' (wintergreen), ''[[Anaphalis]]'' sp., ''[[Impatiens]]'' and some species of ''Eriocaulon''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eravikulam.org/managementplan.htm |title=Eravikulam National Park Management Plan |publisher=[[Eravikulam National Park]] |access-date=2009-12-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404152119/http://www.eravikulam.org/managementplan.htm |archive-date=2010-04-04 }}</ref> | |||
== Climatic zones and biomes == | == Climatic zones and biomes == | ||
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|date=January 2015}} | |date=January 2015}} | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||