Mazahir Uloom

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Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur
Mazahir Uloom Jadeed.jpg
Jamia Mazahir Uloom Jadeed
TypeIslamic university
Established9 November 1866 (157 years ago) (1866-11-09)
FoundersAhmad Ali Saharanpuri, Muhammad Sa'adat Ali, Mazhar Nanautawi
Rector
  • Muhammad Aaqil Saharanpuri (Mazahir Uloom Jadeed)
  • Muḥammad Saeedi (Mazahir Uloom Waqf Qadeem)
Location
Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
NicknameMazahir

Mazahir Uloom (Urdu: جامعہ مظاہر علوم، سہارنپور‎) is an Islamic seminary located in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Started in November 1866 by Sa'ādat Ali Faqīh, and developed further by Mazhar Nanautawi and Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri; it is regarded as the second most influential and major Deobandi seminary in India. The earliest graduates of the seminary include famous Hadīth scholar Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri.

The seminary split in 1983 into Mazahir Uloom Jadeed and Mazahir Uloom Waqf Qadeem. The incumbent rectors are Muhammad Aaqil Saharanpuri and Muḥammad Saeedi respectively.

History[edit]

Mazāhir Uloom was established as "Mazhar Uloom";[1] on 9 November 1866, six months after the foundation of the Deoband seminary.[2][3][4]Its founding figures include Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri, Mazhar Nanautawi, Qādhi Fazlur Rahmān and Sa’adat Ali Faqih.[5] Mazahir Uloom is thought to be the second major madrasa after Darul Uloom Deoband.[6]

The first generation teachers, apart from the founders; include, Aḥmad Hasan Kanpuri, Sa'adat Hussain Bihari, Sakhāwat Ali Ambethwi and Muḥammad Siddīq.[7] The first generation students include Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, Mushtāq Aḥmad Anbethwi and Qamruddīn Sahāranpuri.[8]

In Muharram 1338 AH; the seminary established its Darul Ifta (the fatwa institute).[9] The seminary's jurists include Ashfāqur Rahmān Kāndhlawi, Mahmood Hasan Gangohi, Abdul Qayyūm Raipuri and Muḥammad Shuaib Bastawi.[9]

Recent developments[edit]

Following the split of Darul Uloom Deoband in 1982; Mazahir Uloom split into Jamia Mazahir Uloom Jadeed and Mazahir Uloom Waqf Qadeem in 1983.[10][11] Mazāhir Uloom Jadeed adopted the position of "Ameen-e-Aam" (General Secretary) in 1988 appointing Muhammad Talha Kandhlawi as the first General Secretary who served the position until 1993.[12]

Program[edit]

The seminary teaches the dars-e-nizami curriculum.[13] The former rector of the seminary Abdul Latīf wrote a detailed defense of the dars-e-nizami curriculum; when some scholars asked the syllabus to be updated.[13] The seminary has changed few books in the curriculum timely, but they did not modify it completely and they do not agree with the changes, or systems otherwise.[13]

Administration[edit]

Mazāhir Uloom follows the dogma of Sunni Islam and the jurisprudence of Abu Hanifa.[14] It adheres to the Chishti order of Sufism, following Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri.[14] The seminary focuses on educational purposes only.[15] It has stayed away from discussing politics.[15]

The management of the seminary was controlled by its local members. Owing to their differences, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi was appointed the senior patron of the seminary in 1896.[16] Gangohi resigned from the position in 1319 AH;[16] and an executive council called "Majlis Shūra Sarparastān" was formed to look after the seminary affairs on 3 January 1903.[17] The first such council included Abdur Rahīm Raipuri, Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi.[17]

Scholars such as Abdur Rahīm Raipuri, Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Fazlur Rahmān Sahāranpuri, Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, Abdul Qadir Raipuri, Aashiq Elāhi Meerthi, Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi, Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi, Muhammad Yusuf Kandhlawi, Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi, Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi, Mahmood Hasan Gangohi and Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi have been the members of the executive council.[18][16]

Publications[edit]

Jamia Mazahir Uloom Jadeed publishes Mazāhir-e-Uloom, a monthly journal, since 1993.[19] Mazahir Uloom Waqf Qadeem publishes Ā'īna-e-Mazāhir-e-Uloom monthly.[19] The religious edicts issued by the seminary's Dārul Ifta are kept in record.[20] The edicts issued by Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri were compiled by Muhammad Zakariyyah Kāndhlawi, and published as Fatāwa Khalīliya.[20]

Rectors[edit]

Sa'ādat Ali Saharanpuri was appointed as the first rector of the seminary.[21] Following the division of the seminary; Muzaffar Hussain who was the last rector of the unified seminary; occupied on the position at the Mazahir Uloom Waqf Qadeem till his death in 2003.[22] He was succeeded by Muḥammad Saeedi.[22] In the early years of the seminary, the administrative tasks of the seminary were also performed by a vice-rector; Abd al-Wāhid Khān served on the position from 1881 to 1896, and thus there appears to be confusion in dates, until a permanent position of rector was adopted which follows in sequence after Munshi Maqbool Aḥmad.[21]

The new offshoot, Mazahir Uloom Jadeed appointed Abdul Azīz as the rector who served the position from 1986 to 1991.[21] Salman Mazahiri served on the administration from 1996 to 20 July 2020.[23]

The following is a list of unified seminary's rectors.[21]

Number Name Term start Term end
1 Sa'ādat Ali Sahāranpuri 1866 1870
2 Fazlur Rahmān Sahāranpuri 1866 1908
3 Ali Muḥammad 1896 1907
4 Ikrāmul-Haq 1907 1908
5 Munshi Maqbool Aḥmad 1910 1916
6 Munshi Fazl Haq 1917 1918
7 Bashīr Ḥasan Nagīnwi 1919 1920
8 Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 1920 1925
9 Ināyat Ilāhi 1925 1928
10 Abdul Lateef 1928 1954
11 Muḥammad Asadullah 1954 1979
12 Muzaffar Hussain 1980 1986

Notable alumni[edit]

Main article: List of Mazahir Uloom alumni

Alumni include:

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 108
  2. ↑ Brannon D. Ingram (2019). "'Modern' Madrasa: Deoband and Colonial Secularity". Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung. 44 (4): 211. JSTOR 26747455. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  3. ↑ Syed Mehboob Rizwi. History of The Dar al-Ulum Deoband. Vol. 1 (First Print, 1980 ed.). Idara-E-Ehtemam, Dar al-Ulum Deoband. p. 356.
  4. ↑ Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 68
  5. ↑ Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 70
  6. ↑ Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 67
  7. ↑ Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 109
  8. ↑ Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 116
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), pp. 333–334
  10. ↑ Dietrich Reetz. "Change and Stagnation in Islamic Education: The Dar al-Ulum of Deoband after the Split in 1982". In A. Noor, Farish; Sikand, Yoginder; Bruinessen, Martin van (eds.). The Madrasa in Asia: Political Activism and Transnational Linkages (2008 ed.). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-90-5356-710-4.
  11. ↑ Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi (26 May 2011). "Madrasa Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur 1866-2011". Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  12. ↑ Rafiuddin Haneef Qasmi (September 2019). "Mawlana Muhammad Talha: Life and Services". Monthly Darul Uloom. Darul Uloom Deoband. 193 (9). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), pp. 131–132
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 217
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 219-220
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 377
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 122
  18. ↑ Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), pp. 198–199
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Qasmi, Nayab Hasan. Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati Manzarnama (in Urdu) (2013 ed.). pp. 347–348.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), p. 336
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Shāhid Sahāranpuri, Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt, vol. 1 (2005 ed.), pp. 375–376
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Nāsiruddin Mazāhiri (17 November 2012). "Mawlāna Muḥammad Saeedi". algazali.org (in اردو). Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  23. ↑ "مولانا سلمان صاحب مظاہری کی رحلت عالم اسلام بالخصوص جامعہ مظاہر علوم سہارنپور کے لئے ناقابل تلافی خسارہ" [The death of Mawlāna Salmān Mazāhiri is huge loss for Islam, and more precisely for Jamia Mazahir Uloom]. AsreHazir. 20 July 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2021.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Mujab, Muhammad (2001). Islamic sciences in india and indonesia: a comparative study (Thesis). India: Department of Sunni Theology, Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 96–98. hdl:10603/58830.
  • Shahid Saharanpuri. Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt (in اردو). Vol. 1 (2005 ed.). Saharanpur: Maktaba Yādgār-e-Shaykh.
  • Muḥammad Zakariyyah Kāndhlawi. Tārīk̲h̲-i Maẓāhir (1972 ed.). Saharanpur: Kutub K̲h̲ānah Ishāʻat al-ʻUlūm.
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