List of endemic mammals of India

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Last edited February 7, 2026 
India is home to more than 40 endemic mammals.[1]

Most of India’s endemic mammals are restricted to specialized habitats such as the Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and isolated forest fragments.

Endemic mammals[edit | edit source]

Most endemic mammals are small or habitat‐specialist species that are rarely seen.[2]

Low vulnerability Threatened
Least concern
Near threatened
Vulnerable
Endangered

Order Primates: primates[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
Lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
[3]
Bonnet macaque Macaca radiata
(É. Geoffroy, 1812)
[4]
Nilgiri langur Trachypithecus johnii
(Fischer, 1829)
[5]
Southern plains gray langur Semnopithecus dussumieri
(I. Geoffroy, 1843)
Black-footed gray langur Semnopithecus hypoleucos
(Blyth, 1841)
[6]

Order Rodentia: rodents[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Muridae: mice and rats
Elvira rat Cremnomys elvira
(Ellerman, 1946)
[7]
Manipur bush rat Hadromys humei
(Thomas, 1886)
[8]
Kondana soft-furred rat Millardia kondana
(Mishra & Dhanda, 1975)
[9]
Servent mouse Mus famulus
(Bonhote, 1898)
[10]
Phillips's mouse Mus phillipsi
(Agrawal, 1977)
[11]
Flat-haired mouse Mus platythrix
(Bennett, 1832)
[12]
Nicobar rat Rattus burrus
(Miller, 1902)
[13]
Car Nicobar rat Rattus palmarum
(Zelebor, 1869)
Kerala rat Rattus ranjiniae
(Agrawal & Ghosal, 1969)
[14]
Sahyadris forest rat Rattus satarae
(Hinton, 1918)
[15]
Andaman rat Rattus stoicus
(Miller, 1902)
[16]
Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse Vandeleuria nilagiricus
(Jerdon, 1867)
Family Platacanthomyidae: spiny dormice
Malabar spiny dormouse Platacanthomys lasiurus
(Gray, 1842)
[17]
Family Sciuridae: squirrels
Jungle palm squirrel Funambulus tristriatus
(Waterhouse, 1837)
[18]
Nilgiri striped squirrel Funambulus sublineatus
(Waterhouse, 1837)
[19]
Indian giant squirrel Ratufa indica
(Erxleben, 1777)
[20]
Mechuka giant flying squirrel Petaurista mechukaensis
(Choudhury, 2009)
[21]
Mishmi giant flying squirrel Petaurista mishmiensis
(Choudhury, 2009)
[22]
Mebo giant flying squirrel Petaurista siangensis
(Choudhury, 2013)
Namdapha flying squirrel Biswamoyopterus biswasi
(Saha, 1981)
[23]

Order Scandentia: treeshrews[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Tupaiidae: treeshrews
Madras treeshrew Anathana ellioti
(Waterhouse, 1838)
[24]
Nicobar treeshrew Tupaia nicobarica
(Miller, 1902)
[25]

Order Chiroptera: bats[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Pteropodidae: fruit bats
Nicobar flying fox Pteropus faunulus
(Miller, 1902)
[26]
Family Hipposideridae: leaf-nosed bats
Nicobar leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros nicobarulae
(Miller, 1902)
[27]
Kolar leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros hypophyllus
(Kock & Bhat, 1994)
[28]
Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe bats
Andaman horseshoe bat Rhinolophus cognatus
(Andersen, 1906)
[29]
Family Miniopteridae: bent-winged bats
Srinivasulu’s bent-winged bat Miniopterus srinii
(Bhat et al., 2023)
Family Vespertilionidae: vesper bats
Meghalaya thick-thumbed bat Glischropus meghalayanus
(Borissov et al., 2022)

Order Eulipotyphla: shrews and hedgehogs[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Soricidae: shrews
Narcondam shrew Crocidura narcondamica
(Prakasan et al., 2018)
Nicobar shrew Crocidura nicobarica
(Tyler, 1947)
[30]
Andaman shrew Crocidura andamanensis
(Miller, 1946)
Day's shrew Suncus dayi
(Dobson, 1888)
[31]
Andaman spiny shrew Crocidura hispida
(Thomas, 1913)
Jenkins's shrew Crocidura jenkinsi
(Chakraborty, 1978)
[32]
Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs
Madras hedgehog Paraechinus nudiventris
(Horsfield, 1851)
[33]

Order Carnivora: carnivorans[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Felidae: cats
Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica
(Meyer, 1826)
[34]
Family Mustelidae: martens
Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii
(Horsfield, 1851)
[35]
Family Viverridae: civets
Brown palm civet Paradoxurus jerdoni
(Blanford, 1885)
[36]
Malabar civet Viverra civettina
(Blyth, 1862)
[37]

Order Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Bovidae: antelopes
Nilgiri tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius
(Ogilby, 1838)
[38]
Family Cervidae: deer
Kashmir stag Cervus hanglu hanglu
(Wagner, 1844)
[39]

Sub Order Suiformes: pigs[edit | edit source]

Name Species authority Red List
Family Suidae: pigs
Pygmy hog Porcula salvania
(Hodgson, 1847)
[40]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  2. ↑ Molur, S (2005). Status of South Asian Non-volant Small Mammals. Zoo Outreach Organisation & WII, India. ISBN 81-87663-13-5. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  3. ↑ "Macaca silenus (Lion-tailed Macaque) | IUCN Red List API". apistaging.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 2025-05-17.
  4. ↑ Kumar, Ajith; Kumara, H.N.; Singh, M (2015-11-21). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Macaca radiata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  5. ↑ Kumar, Ajith; Kumara, H.N.; Singh, M (2015-11-24). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Semnopithecus johnii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  6. ↑ Singh, M.; Nag, Chetan; Kumara, H. N.; Kumar, Ajith (22 November 2015). "Semnopithecus hypoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  7. ↑ Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust); Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-04-19). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Cremnomys elvira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  8. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9618/22410442#assessment-information. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust); Thomas Dando (Small Mammal Specialist Group) (2019-08-03). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Millardia kondana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  10. ↑ Pradhan, Malhar (2018-12-19). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mus famulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-10.
  11. ↑ Molur, S. & Nameer, P.O. (2008-06-30). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mus phillipsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-02-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mus platythrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  13. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus burrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 11 July 2016.
  14. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus ranjiniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  15. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus satarae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-01.
  16. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus stoicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  17. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Platacanthomys lasiurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  18. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Funambulus tristriatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 20 January 2016.
  19. ↑ Alexandra Ferguson (Small Mammal Specialist Group); Middleton, Kristina (2019-08-07). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Funambulus sublineatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  20. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-01-27). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Ratufa indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  21. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Petaurista mechukaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2013.
  22. ↑ Paige Engelbrektsson (IUCN SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group (intern)); Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust) (2013-06-30). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Petaurista mishmiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  23. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-08-02). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Biswamoyopterus biswasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  24. ↑ S., Molur (2016-01-29). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Anathana ellioti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  25. ↑ David Laginha Pinto Correia (SMSG volunteer); Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tupaia nicobarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  26. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)); Chelmala Srinivasulu (Osmania University, Hyderabad, India / GRA Western Ghats Workshop); Tigga Kingston (Texas Tech University); Susan Tsang (Department of Biology, City College of New York Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History) (2019-07-27). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pteropus faunulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hipposideros nicobarulae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. July 2020.
  28. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hipposideros hypophyllus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 14 December 2015.
  29. ↑ Chakravarty, R.; Aul, B. (14 December 2015). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rhinolophus cognatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  30. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Crocidura nicobarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  31. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Suncus dayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  32. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Crocidura jenkinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 11 July 2016.
  33. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39594/22326706. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ "Panthera leo (Asiatic subpopulation)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  35. ↑ Mudappa, Divya; (Cat, Devcharan Jathana S. G.; Raman, T. R. Shankar (3 March 2015). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Martes gwatkinsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  36. ↑ Anwaruddin Choudhury (The Rhino Foundation); Mudappa, Divya; Punjabi, Girish (2015-03-03). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Paradoxurus jerdoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  37. ↑ "Viverra civettina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  38. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Nilgiritragus hylocrius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008.
  39. ↑ Sarah Brook (IUCN SSC Deer RLA - Old World Deer); Dewar Donnithorne-Tait (Cambridge World Wildlife Study Centre); Khursheed Ahmad (Winter Diversity of Birds in Makaibari Tea Estate, Kurseong, Darjeeling, India); Mukesh Thakur (Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India); Ranjitsinh, Maharaj Kumar (2016-12-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Cervus hanglu ssp. hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21172/44139115. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
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