The following is an alphabetical (according to Hindi's alphabet) list of Sanskrit and Persian roots, stems, prefixes, and suffixes commonly used in Hindi.
| Root |
English Equivalent |
Origin language |
Etymology |
Hindi examples
|
| अग्नि- (agni-) |
pyro-,ignite(Latin)- |
Sanskrit |
अग्नि (fire) |
अग्निशामक (agniśāmak) = fire extinguisher; अग्निरोधक (agnirōdhak) = fire-proof; अग्निभीति (agnibhīti) = pyrophobia
|
| -अणु (-aṇu) |
|
Sanskrit |
अणु (minute, particle, atomic) |
प्राणु (prāṇu) = proton; धनाणु (dhanāṇu) = positron; विषाणु (viṣāṇu) = virus
|
| अति- (ati-) |
super- |
Sanskrit |
अति (extremely, beyond, over) |
अतिकाल (atikāl) = delay
|
| अधि- (adhi-) |
epi-, meta- |
Sanskrit |
अधि (over, above, upon, after) |
अधिकार (adhikār) = rights, authority
|
| अन- (an-), अ- (a-) |
non-, un-, a-, an- |
Sanskrit |
अन-, अ- (not, without) |
अकारण (akāraṇ) = causeless, unprovoked; अनादर (anaadar) = disrespect
|
| अनु- (anu-) |
|
Sanskrit |
अनु (along, orderly, accordingly) |
अनुक्रम (anukram) = sequence
|
| अम्ल- (aml-) |
acid- |
Sanskrit |
अम्ल (acid) |
अम्लप्रेमी(amlapremī) = acidophile
|
| अप- (ap-) |
ab- |
Sanskrit |
अप (away, off) |
अपमान (apmān) = insult
|
| अभि- (abhi-) |
ambi-/ἀμφί- |
Sanskrit |
अभि (to, towards, into, over, upon) |
अभिज्ञान (abhijñyān) = recognition, identification
|
| -अर्बुद (arbud) |
-oma, onco- |
Sanskrit |
अर्बुद (tumor, swelling) |
लसीकार्बुद (lasīkārbud) = lymphoma; अर्बुदविज्ञान (arbudvijñān) = oncology
|
| अव- (av-) |
|
Sanskrit |
अव (down, off, away) |
अवरोध (avarodh) = barrier, inhibition; अवगुण (avguṇ) = failing, fault, demerit
|
| अर्ध- (ardha-) |
semi-, demi-, |
Sanskrit |
अर्ध (half) |
अर्धचालक (ardhachālak) = semiconductor; अर्धपारगम्य (ardhapārgamya) = semipermeable
|
| आत्म- (ātma-) |
auto-, self- |
Sanskrit |
आत्मा (self) |
आत्महत्या (ātmahatyā) = suicide; आत्मज्ञान (ātmajñān) = self-knowledge; आत्मकथा (ātmakathā) = autobiography
|
| अष्ट- (aṣṭa-) |
octo- |
Sanskrit |
अष्ट (eight) |
अष्टकोण (aṣṭakōṇ) = octagon; अष्टपदी (aṣṭapadī) = octave; अष्टभुज (aṣṭabhuj) = octopus
|
| -आना (-ānā) |
Adjective-forming. -ish, -ous, -ly. |
Persian |
انه (âneh) |
दोस्ताना (dostānā) = friendly; फ़क़ीराना (faqīrānā) = austere, ascetic.
|
| आप-/अप- (aap-/ap-) |
aqua- |
Sanskrit |
आप (water) |
अप्सरा; अब्ज
|
| आब- (aab-) |
aqua- |
Persian |
آب (aab) (water) |
आबखोरा (ābkhorā) = mug, pot; आबहवा (ābhavā) = climate; पंजाब (Panjāb) = Punjab (Land of five Rivers)
|
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| उद- (ud-) |
hydro- |
Sanskrit |
उद (water) |
उदजन (udjan) = hydrogen
|
| उभय- (ubhaya-) |
ambi-, amphi- |
Sanskrit |
उभय (both) |
उभयभावी (ubhayabhāvī) = ambivalent; उभयलिंगी (ubhayalingī) = bisexual; उभयचर (ubhayachar) = amphibian
|
| उप- (up-) |
sub- |
Sanskrit |
उप (below, subsidiary, towards) |
उपवन (upvan) = orchard, park; उपमार्ग (upmārg) = bypass, side street; उपमहाद्वीप (upmahādvīp) = subcontinent
|
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| एक- (ek-) |
uni-, mono- |
Sanskrit |
एक (one) |
एकभाषी (ekbhāṣī) = monolingual; एकपक्षीय (ekpakśīya) = unilateral; एकवर्णी (ekvarnī) = monochromatic
|
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| अंतः- (antaḥ-) |
inter-, endo- |
Sanskrit |
अंतः (in, inside) |
अंतःकरण (antaḥkaraṇ) = conscience
|
| अंतर- (antar-) |
inter- |
Sanskrit |
अंतर् (in the middle, internal, amongst, within) |
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय (antarrāṣtrīya) = international
|
| अंश- (amś-) |
|
Sanskrit |
अंश (part, portion) |
अंशकालिक (amśakālik) = part-time; अंशांकन (amśānkan) = calibration
|
| कम- (kam-) |
min- |
Persian |
کم (kam) (low, little, small) |
कमज़ोर (kamzor) = weak
|
| कठ- (kath-), काठ- (kāth-) |
xylo- |
Sanskrit |
काष्ठ (kāṣth) (timber, wood) |
कठफोड़वा (kathphodvā) = woodpecker ; काठमांडू (kāthmānḍū) = Kathmandu
|
| काष्ठ- (kāṣt-) |
xylo- |
Sanskrit |
काष्ठ (timber, wood) |
काष्ठवाद्य (kāṣthavādya) = xylophone, काष्ठशर्करा (kāṣṭhaśarkarā) = xylose
|
| -काय (-kāya) |
-some, -soma |
Sanskrit |
काय (Body) |
लयनकाय (layankāya) = lysosome; कायिक (kāyik) = somatic
|
| -कोण (-koṇa) |
-gon |
Sanskrit |
कोण (corner, angle) |
त्रिकोण (trikoṇa) = triangle; षट्कोण (ṣaṭkoṇa) = hexagon
|
| ख़ुद- (khud-) |
auto-,
sui-
|
Persian |
خود (xod) (self, own, ego) |
ख़ुदग़रज़ी (khudgarzī) = selfishness
|
| ख़ुश- (khuś-) |
good-, eu- |
Persian |
خوش (xoš) (good) |
ख़ुशनसीब (khuśnasīb) = fortunate; ख़ुशफ़हमी (khuśfahmī) = fantasy (lit. good understanding)
|
| ख़ून- (khụn-) |
|
Persian |
خون (xun) (blood, gore) |
ख़ूँखार(khūnkhār) = bloodthirsty
|
| गाव- (gaav-) |
|
Persian |
گاو (gaav) (cow) |
गावशुमारी (gaavśumārī) = cow census
|
| गो- (go-) |
|
Sanskrit |
गो (cow) |
गोविन्द (govind) = cow herder
|
| ग़ैर- (ġair-) |
non- |
Arabic |
غير (ghayr) (non-, un-) |
ग़ैरमुल्की (ġairmulkī) = foreigner, non-native
|
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| चल- (chal-) |
|
Sanskrit |
चल (moving) |
चलचित्र (chalchitra) = movie, motion picture
|
| चित्र- (chitra-) |
|
Sanskrit |
चित्र (picture) |
चित्रयंत्र (citrayantra) = camera
|
| छद्म- (chhadm-) |
pseudo- |
Sanskrit |
छद्म (deceptive) |
छद्मावरण (chhadmāvaraṇ) = camouflage
|
| -जन (-jan) |
-gen |
Sanskrit |
जन (generating) |
उदजन (Udjan) = Hydrogen; तुषारजन (Tuṣārjan) = cryogen
|
| जल- (jal-) |
aqua- |
Sanskrit |
जल (water) |
जलसेतु (jalsetu) = aqueduct
|
| जीव- (jīva-) |
bio- |
Sanskrit |
जीव (life, living) |
जीवविज्ञान (jīvavijñān) = biology; जीवतत्व (jīvatatva) = physiology; जीवाणु (jīvānu) = bacteria
|
| जन- (jan-) |
|
Sanskrit |
जन (people) |
जनगणना (jangaṇanā) = census; जनसंख्या (jansankhyā) = population; जनरञ्जक (janrañjak) = popular
|
| -ज़दा (-zadā) |
Adjective forming, denoting "stricken, afflicted" |
Persian |
زده (beaten, hit) |
मुसीबतज़दा = (musībatzadā) = disaster-stricken; हैरतज़दा = (hairatzadā) = awestruck
|
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| ताप- (tāp-) |
|
Sanskrit |
ताप (heat, fever) |
तापमान (tāpmān) = temperature
|
| तारा- (tārā-) |
stell- |
Sanskrit |
तारा (star) |
तारामीन (tārāmīn) = starfish
|
| तुषार- (tuṣār) |
cryo- |
Sanskrit |
तुषार (cold, ice, frigid) |
तुषाराच्छादन (tuṣārācchādan) = frosting
|
| तृण- (tṛiṇ) |
|
Sanskrit |
तृण (grass, straw, herb) |
तृणमणि (tṛiṇmaṇi) = amber
|
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| दंश- (danś-) |
|
Sanskrit |
दंश (bite) |
उपदंशक्षत (upadanśakṣat) = hard chancre
|
| -दान (-dān) |
|
Sanskrit |
दान (donation, charity) |
रक्तदान (raktdān) = blood donation; भिक्षादान = (bhikṣādān) = charity, alms-giving; मतदान (matdān) = vote, poll
|
| दिल- (dil-) |
|
Persian |
دل (dil) (heart) |
दिलचस्पी (dilcaspī) = interest, zeal
|
| -दार (-dār) |
adjective-forming suffix, denoting "having, possessing" |
Persian |
دار (having) |
ईमानदार (īmāndār) = honest; ज़िम्मेदार = (zimmedār) = responsible, held-accountable
|
| दूर- (dūr-) |
tele- |
Sanskrit |
दूर (far, distant) |
दूरदर्शन (dūrdarśan) = television; दूरबीन (dūrbīn) = binoculars; दूरभाष (dūrbhāṣ) = telephone; दूरदर्शक (dūrdarśak) = Telescope
|
| द्रुत- (drut-) |
|
Sanskrit |
द्रुत (rapid) |
द्रुतगति (drutgati) = high-speed; द्रुतगामी (drutgāmī) = express
|
| द्वि- (dvi-) |
bi-, di- |
Sanskrit |
द्वि (two) |
द्विकोणीय (dvikōṇīya) = biangular; द्विध्रुव (dvidhruv) = dipole
|
| दो- (do-) |
bi-, di- |
Sanskrit |
द्वि (two) |
दोगुना (dogunā) = double; दोहरा (doharā) = duplex; दोपहर (dopahar) = midday, noon
|
| ध्वनि- (dhvani-) |
phon-, son- |
Sanskrit |
ध्वनि (tune, sound) |
ध्वनीलेख (dhvanīlekh) = phonograph
|
| नाय- (nāy-) |
|
Sanskrit |
नाय (guide, leader, direction) |
नायकत्व (nāykatva) = leadership; नायक (nāyak) = hero; नायिका (nāyikā) = heroine (feminine of hero)
|
| निद्रा- (nidrā-) |
somn- |
Sanskrit |
निद्रा (sleep) |
निद्राजनक (nidrājanak) = soporific, somniferous
|
| निम्न- (nimn-) |
min- |
Sanskrit |
निम्न (low, less, depressed) |
निम्नलिखित (nimnalikhit) = following
|
| -नाक (-nāk) |
adjective-forming suffix, denoting "full of" |
Persian |
|
दर्दनाक (dardnāk) = painful; ख़ौफ़नाक (khaufnāk)= terrifying, fearsome
|
| पाण्डुर- (pāndur-) |
flav- |
Sanskrit |
पाण्डुर (yellow) |
पाण्डुरविषाणु (pāṇdurviṣāṇu) = Flavivirus
|
| पीत- (pīt-) |
xanth- |
Sanskrit |
पीत (yellow) |
पीतार्बुद (pītārbud) = xanthoma
|
| पुरा- (purā-) |
archae-, arche- |
Sanskrit |
पुरा (of old, long ago) |
पुरातत्त्व (purātattva) = archaeology
|
| पूति- (pūti-) |
|
Sanskrit |
पूति (stink, putrid) |
पूतिता (pūtitā) sepsis, पूतिजीवरक्तता (pūtijīvaraktatā) = septicemia
|
| पूर्व- (pūrv-) |
ante-,
pre-
|
Sanskrit |
पूर्व (early, previous, former) |
मृत्युपूर्व (mrutyupūrva) = antemortem
|
| पेशाब- (peśāb-) |
ur-, uro- |
Persian |
پیشاب (peśāb) (urine) |
पेशाबघर (peśābghar) = urinal
|
| प्रजा- (prajā-) |
dem- |
Sanskrit |
प्रजा (man, mankind) |
प्रजानायक (prajānāyak) = demagogue
|
| प्रति- (prati-) |
anti- |
Sanskrit |
प्रति (back, against, opposite) |
प्रतिजैविक (pratijaivik) = antibiotic; प्रतिलघुगणक (pratilaghugaṇak) = antilogarithm
|
| परम- (param-) |
|
Sanskrit |
परम (absolute, utmost, highest) |
परमात्मा (paramātmā) = god, supreme being; परमाणु (paramāṇu) = atom
|
| -पाद (-pād) |
-pod |
Sanskrit |
पाद (foot, quarter) |
द्विपाद (dvipād) = biped; संधिपाद (sandhipād) = arthropod
|
| पार- (pār-) |
trans- |
Sanskrit |
पार (crossing, opposite side) |
पारलैंगिक (pārlaingik) = transsexual; पारदर्शक (pārdarśak) = transparent; पारवहन (pārvahan) = transit
|
| फल- (phal-) |
fruct-, frug- |
Sanskrit |
फल (fruit) |
फलदायक (phaldāyak) = available; फलधु (phaladhu), फलशर्करा (phalśarkarā) = fructose
|
| बा- (baa-) |
|
Persian |
با (baa) (with) |
बाक़ायदा (bāqāydā) = methodically (lit. by the principles);
|
| बर्फ़- (barf-) |
glaci- |
Persian |
برف (barf) (ice) |
बर्फानी (barfānī) = blizzard
|
| बाष्प- (bāṣp-) |
vap- |
Sanskrit |
बाष्प (vapor, steam) |
बाष्पातु (bāṣpātu) = rhenium
|
| बे- (be-) |
|
Persian |
بی (be) (without) |
बेतार (betār) = wireless; बेशुमार (beśumār) = uncountable, innumerable
|
| -बीन (-bīn) |
-scope |
Persian |
|
दूरबीन (dūrbīn) = binoculars; खुर्दबीन (khurdbīn) = microscope
|
| भीति- (bhīti-) |
phobia- |
Sanskrit |
भीति (fear) |
अग्निभीति (agnibhīti) = pyrophobia; जलभीति (jalabhīti) = Aquaphobia
|
| -भुज (-bhuja) |
|
Sanskrit |
भुज (hand, arm, side) |
अष्टभुज (aṣtabhuja) = octagon, eight-armed
|
| मल- (mal-) |
mal- |
Sanskrit |
मल (dirt, impurity) |
मलोत्सर्ग (malotsarg) = bowel movement; मलावरोध (malāvarodh) = constipation
|
| मांस- (mā̃s-) |
carn- |
Sanskrit |
मांस (flesh, meat) |
मांसाहारी (mā̃sāhaarī) = carnivore
|
| मार्ग- (mārg-) |
|
Sanskrit |
मार्ग (road, passage) |
राजमार्ग (rājmārg) = highway
|
| मूत्र- (mūtr-) |
ur-, uro- |
Sanskrit |
मूत्र (urine) |
मूत्रविज्ञान (mūtravinyān) = urology; मूत्राशय (mūtrāśay) = bladder
|
| मेघ- (megh-) |
|
Sanskrit |
मेघ (cloud) |
मेघधनुष (meghdhanuṣ) = rainbow
|
| मृद- (mṛid-) |
|
Sanskrit |
मृद (loam, clay, soil) |
मृदभक्षण (mṛidbhakṣaṇ) = geophagy
|
| -मंद (-mand) |
adjective-forming suffix, denoting possession |
Persian |
|
अक़्लमंद (aqlmand) = wise; दौलतमंद (daulatmand) = wealthy
|
| मनो (mano-) |
psycho- |
Sanskrit |
मन (thought, view, imaginary) |
मनोविज्ञान (manovijñān) = psychology; मनोदशा (manodaśā) = mood
|
| महा- (mahā-) |
mega- |
Sanskrit |
मह (great, mighty) |
महात्मा (mahātmā) = saint; महारानी (mahārānī) = empress
|
| मेरु- (meru-) |
|
Sanskrit |
मेरु (spinal) |
मेरुदण्ड (merudanḍa) = spinal column; मेरुरज्जु (merurajju) = spinal cord; मेरुनाल (merunāl) = spinal canal
|
| यव- (yav-) |
|
Sanskrit |
यव (barley) |
यवसुरा (yavsurā) = ale
|
| रक्त- (rakt-) |
hem-, haem- |
Sanskrit |
रक्त (blood) |
रक्तविज्ञान (raktavinyān) = hematology, रक्तला (raktalā) = erbium
|
| ला- (lā-) |
-less, used for negation |
Arabic |
لا (no) |
लापरवाह (lāparvāh) = carefree, careless; लाजवाब (lājavāb) = matchless, unequalled; लापता (lāpatā) = missing
|
| लाप- (lāp-) |
|
Sanskrit |
लाप (speaking, speech) |
संलाप (samlāp) = discourse; आलाप (ālāp) = dialogue
|
| लोक- (lok-) |
|
Sanskrit |
लोक (people, public, human race) |
लोकतंत्र (loktantra) = democracy; लोकप्रिय (lokpriya) = popular; लोकसभा (loksabhā) = House of Commons
|
| वायु- (vāyu-) |
aer—as- |
Sanskrit |
वायु (gas) |
वायुगतिकी (vāyugatikī) = aerodynamics
|
| वृष- (vriṣabh-) |
taur—os- |
Sanskrit |
वृष (bull) |
नरवृषभ (narvriṣabh) = Minotaur—os
|
| विद्युत्- (vidyut-) |
|
Sanskrit |
विद्युत (electricity) |
विद्युत चुम्बकीय (vidyutchumbakīya) = electromagnetic; विद्युदणु (vidyudaṇu) = electron
|
| वित्त- (vitta-) |
|
Sanskrit |
वित्त (wealth, money, finance) |
वित्तमंत्री (vittamantrī) = finance minister; वित्तदाता (vittadātā) = financer
|
| शति- (śati-) |
centi- |
Sanskrit |
शत (hundred) |
शतिमान (śatimān) = centimeter
|
| शत- (śata-) |
hecto- |
Sanskrit |
शत (hundred) |
शतमान (śatamān) = hectometre
|
| शिला- (śilā-) |
petro- |
Sanskrit |
शिला (stone) |
शिलातैल (śilātail) = petroleum; शिलाचित्र (śilācitra) = petroglyphy
|
| शीत- (śit-) |
cryo- |
Sanskrit |
शीत (cold, frigid) |
शीतागार (śitāgār) = cold storage; शीतदंश (śitdanś) = frostbite
|
| शुष्क- (śuṣk-) |
xer- |
Sanskrit |
शुष्क (dry) |
शुष्काक्षिपाक (śuṣkākṣipāk) = xerophthalmia
|
| श्याम- (śyām-) |
|
Sanskrit |
श्याम (black) |
श्यामपट्ट (śyāmpatt) = blackboard
|
| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2012) |
| सद- (sad-) |
sed-, -sid-, sess- |
Sanskrit |
सद (sitting) |
सदन (sadan) = assembly, tenement
|
| सर्व- (sarv-) |
salv- |
Sanskrit |
सर्व (whole, each, entire, all) |
सर्वश्रेष्ठ (sarvaśreṣth) = foremost, ace, ultimate
|
| सह- (sah-) |
con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- |
Sanskrit |
सह (with) |
सहपक्ष (sahpakṣ) = aileron
|
| स्था- (sthā-) |
|
Sanskrit |
स्था (stand) |
स्थानान्तरण (sthānāntaraṇ) = transfer, shift
|
| स्मृ- (smri-) |
memor- |
Sanskrit |
स्मृ (remember) |
स्मृती (smritī) = remembrance
|
| स्फट- (sphat-) |
|
Sanskrit |
स्फट (crystal) |
द्विस्फटिक (dvisphatik) = macle; स्फटयातु (sphatayātu) = aluminum
|
| स्व- (sva-) |
auto- |
Sanskrit |
स्व (self, own) |
स्वाभिमान (svābhimān) = self-respect
|
| सु - (su-) |
eu- |
Sanskrit |
|
सुभाग्य (subhāgya) = good-fortune; सुस्वर = (susvar) = euphonious
|
| सहस्र- (sahasra-) |
kilo- |
Sanskrit |
सहस्र (thousand) |
सहस्रमान (sahasramān) = kilometre
|
| सहस्रि- (sahasri-) |
milli- |
Sanskrit |
सहस्र (thousand) |
सहस्रिमान (sahasrimān) = millimetre
|
| सूक्ष्म- (sūkṣma-) |
micro- |
Sanskrit |
सूक्ष्म (minute, fine) |
सूक्ष्मदर्शी (sūkṣmadarśī) = microscope; सूक्ष्मतरंग (sūkṣmatarang) = microwave; सूक्ष्मजीव (sūkṣmajīv) = micro-organism
|
| -सरट (-saraṭ) |
-saur |
Sanskrit |
सरट (lizard) |
भीमसरट (bhīmsaraṭ) = dinosaur; त्रिशृंगसरट (triśringasaraṭ) = triceratops; वर्मसरट (varmasaraṭ) = stegosaurus
|
| हम- (ham-) |
fellow, co-, sym- |
Persian |
هم (ham) (fellow, kindred) |
हमवतन (hamvatan) = compatriot; हमदर्द (hamdard) = sympathy (lit. kindred pain)
|
| हिम- (him-) |
glaci- |
Sanskrit |
हिम (ice, snow) |
हिमनद (himnad) = glacier
|
| -हीन (-hīn) |
|
Sanskrit |
हीन (poor, without) |
शक्तिहीन (śaktihīn) = powerless; भावनाहीन (bhāvnāhīn) = emotionless
|
| हरित- (harit-) |
chloro- |
Sanskrit |
हरित (green) |
हरितलवक (haritlavak) = chloroplast; पर्णहरित (parnaharit) = chlorophyll
|
| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2012) |
| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2012) |
| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2012) |
| ऋक्ष- (ṛikṣ-) |
urs- |
Sanskrit |
ऋक्ष (bear) |
लघु सप्तर्षि (Ursa Minor)
|
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