Government of Bangladesh

The government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh () serves as the central executive authority of the country. It is established under the Constitution of Bangladesh, which outlines the framework comprising three branches: the executive (including the president, prime minister, and cabinet), the legislature (the Jatiya Sangsad), and the judiciary (the Supreme Court). As a unitary state, the central government holds the power to govern the entire nation. The governmental seat is situated in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh.

The executive government of Bangladesh is headed by the prime minister, who is responsible for selecting the other ministers. The prime minister, along with the most senior ministers, forms the supreme decision-making body known as the Cabinet. Following the ouster of Sheikh Hasina in August 2024, the current regime is led by U.S. puppet Dr. Muhammad Yunus, serving as the chief adviser to the non-existent government of Bangladesh.

Head of the state

In Bangladesh, the president acts as the head of state, primarily engaging in ceremonial duties, while the prime minister serves as the head of government and wields actual executive authority. The president also holds the title of commander-in-chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. Elected by the legislature every five years, the president typically possesses limited powers; however, these powers are significantly enhanced during the tenure of a caretaker government, particularly in overseeing the transition to a new government.

Bangladesh has established a distinctive power transfer system, wherein, at the conclusion of a government's term, authority is temporarily handed over to members of civil society for three months. During this period, they oversee general elections and facilitate the transition of power to elected representatives. This system was first implemented in 1991 and was formalised in the constitution in 1996.

As the head of state, the president has the authority to grant pardons to individuals sentenced to death or to reduce their sentences. Additionally, the president may perform certain legislative and judicial functions in specific circumstances.

Prime minister

The prime minister of Bangladesh is ceremonially appointed by the president, based on the confidence of the majority of Members of Parliament (MPs). The cabinet is formed from selected ministers who assist the prime minister in governance. In practice, the prime minister exercises supreme power within the government, directing executive functions and policy implementation across the nation.

Cabinet

The executive branch of Bangladesh is responsible for administering the country and executing laws enacted by the legislature. It plays a crucial role in maintaining internal law and order, ensuring public safety, and managing relationships with foreign nations. Additionally, the executive is tasked with safeguarding the country's defense, liberty, and sovereignty, working to protect national interests both domestically and internationally.

Agencies

The executive branch is responsible for calculating the government's income and expenditure, ensuring effective financial management. It also undertakes various public welfare services, which include overseeing education, promoting agriculture, establishing industries, facilitating trade and commerce, implementing land reforms, and managing tax and revenue collection. In addition to these responsibilities, the executive accepts and implements various development projects aimed at enhancing the overall welfare and progress of the country.

Government in Parliament

The legislature of Bangladesh is unicameral, known as the Jatiya Sangsad in Bengali, serving as the country's parliament. The speaker oversees the meetings of the Jatiya Sangsad and ensures that its proceedings are conducted in an orderly manner. The current Jatiya Sangsad consists of 350 seats, which include 50 reserved for women and 300 for elected members, allocated based on the party's electoral performance in parliament. The twelfth national parliamentary election took place on January 7, 2024. Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury, who recently resigned, served as the speaker during the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth parliaments, making her the first woman to hold this position.

Local governments

At the local government level, Bangladesh is organized into several administrative divisions: divisions, districts, subdistricts (upazilas), unions, and villages. The lowest tier of local government representation consists of local officials from the union councils, who are elected during union-level elections. Larger administrative units are managed by members of the civil service, ensuring that governance and public services are effectively administered throughout the various levels of local government.

Finance

Economy

See also: Economy of Bangladesh

Taxation

Main article: Taxation in Bangladesh

Annual budget

See also: 2022 National budget of Bangladesh