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Google Scholar
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Type of site | Bibliographic database |
|---|---|
| Owner | |
| Website | scholar |
| Registration | Optional |
| Launched | November 20, 2004 |
| Current status | Active |
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes most peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents.[1] While Google does not publish the size of Google Scholar's database, scientometric researchers estimated it to contain roughly 389 million documents including articles, citations and patents making it the world's largest academic search engine in January 2018.[2] Previously, the size was estimated at 160 million documents as of May 2014.[3] An earlier statistical estimate published in PLOS ONE using a Mark and recapture method estimated approximately 80–90% coverage of all articles published in English with an estimate of 100 million.[4] This estimate also determined how many documents were freely available on the internet.
Google Scholar has been criticized for not vetting journals and for including predatory journals in its index.[5]
The University of Michigan Library and other libraries whose collections Google scanned for Google Books and Google Scholar retained copies of the scans and have used them to create the HathiTrust Digital Library.[6][7]
- ↑ "Search Tips: Content Coverage". Google Scholar. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ Gusenbauer, Michael (2018-11-10). "Google Scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases". Scientometrics. 118: 177–214. doi:10.1007/s11192-018-2958-5. ISSN 0138-9130. S2CID 53249161.
- ↑ Orduña-Malea, E., Ayllón, J. M., Martín-Martín, A., & Delgado López-Cózar, E. (2015). Methods for estimating the size of Google Scholar. Scientometrics, 104(3), 931–49. ArXiv Template:Free access
- ↑ Trend Watch (2014) Nature 509(7501), 405 – discussing Madian Khabsa and C Lee Giles (2014) The Number of Scholarly Documents on the Public Web, PLOS ONE 9, e93949.
- ↑ Kolata, Gina (30 October 2017). "Many Academics Are Eager to Publish in Worthless Journals". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ↑ "[T]he University of Michigan’s work with Google encompasses a number of activities and Google products (e.g., Google Scholar)".The UM-Google Project (aka MDP) (August 2005). "UM Library/Google Digitization Partnership FAQ, August 2005" (PDF). University of Michigan Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ↑ Jennifer Howard (10 August 2017). "What Happened to Google's Effort to Scan Millions of University Library Books?". EdSurge. Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
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