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Last edited December 2, 2025


The Dṛg-Dṛśya-Viveka or Vâkyasudhâ is an Advaita Vedanta text attributed to Bhāratī Tīrtha or Vidyaranya Swami (c. 1350)

Authorship[edit | edit source]

Although also attributed to Adi Shankara,[web 1] the text is most commonly attributed to Bharatī Tīrtha (c. 1350).[1][2] It is also known as Vakya Suddha, which is attributed to Adi Shankara.[2]

Contents[edit | edit source]

The Dṛg-Dṛśya-Viveka contains 46 slokas[1][3] performing an inquiry into the distinction between the "seer" (Dṛg) and the "seen" (Dṛśya),[2] an overview of samadhi, centering on savikalpa and nirvikalpa, and the identity of Atman and Brahman.

Commentaries[edit | edit source]

There are many translations and commentaries in English for Dṛg Dṛśya Viveka and one of the most notable is of "Dravidācārya" Śrī Rāmakṛṣṇan Svāmīji.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Witz 1998, p. 227.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nikhalananda 1931, p. xiii.
  3. Nikhalananda 1931, p. xiv-xv.

Sources[edit | edit source]

Printed sources
  • Deshmukh, Dr. Shrikrishna. The Essence of Drk-Drsya Viveka::Distinguishing the 'Perceiver' from the 'Perceived'. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-8120842175.
  • Nikhalananda, Swami (1931), Drg-Drsya-Viveka. An inquiry into the nature of the 'seer' and the 'seen.', Sri Ramakrishna Asrama
  • Witz, Klaus G. (1998), The Supreme Wisdom of the Upaniṣads: An Introduction, Motilall Banarsidas
Web-sources

Further reading[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]