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Cis-Sutlej states
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| Cis-Sutlej States | |||||||||||
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| Region of British India | |||||||||||
| 1809–1862 | |||||||||||
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| History | |||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| 1809 | |||||||||||
• Merged into the British Province (British India) | 1862 | ||||||||||
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The Cis-Sutlej states were a group of states in the modern Punjab and Haryana states of northwestern India during the 19th century, lying between the Sutlej River on the north, the Himalayas on the east, the Yamuna River and Delhi District on the south, and Sirsa District on the west. These states were under the suzerainty of the Scindhia dynasty of the Maratha Empire. Small Punjabi kingdoms of the Cis-Sutlej states paid tributes to the Marathas, until the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805, after which the Marathas lost this territory to the British.[1][2][3]
History[edit]
During the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington drafted a treaty granting independence to the Sikh clans east of the Sutlej River in exchange for their allegiance to the British General Gerard Lake acting on his dispatch.[4][5] At the conclusion of the war, the frontier of British India was extended to the Yamuna. An 1809 agreement with Ranjit Singh, emperor of the Sikh Empire west of the Sutlej, brought the states under the aegis of Sikh dominion. The Cis-Sutlej states included Kaithal, Patiala, Jind, Thanesar, Maler Kotla and Faridkot. Before 1846 the greater part of this territory was relatively independent, the chiefs being subject to supervision from a political officer stationed at Umballa, and styled the agent of the British Governor-General of India for the Cis-Sutlej states.[6]
A number of states were confiscated or acquired by Britain under the Doctrine of Lapse. After the First Anglo-Sikh War the full administration of the territory became vested in this officer.[6]
In 1849 the Punjab was annexed to British India, when the Cis-Sutlej states commissionership, comprising the districts of Ambala, Ferozepore, Ludhiana, Thanesar and Simla, was incorporated with the new Punjab Province.[6]
The name continued to be applied to this division until 1862, when—owing to Ferozepore having been transferred to Lahore Division and a part of Thanesar to Delhi Division—it ceased to be appropriate.[6] The remaining tract became known as the Ambala Division. The princely states of Patiala, Jind, and Nabha were appointed a separate political agency in 1901. Excluding Bahawalpur (for which there was no political agent) and Chamba, the other states were grouped under the commissioners of Jullunder and Delhi, and the superintendent of the Simla Hill States.[6] All native states, except Kaithal, would join PEPSU after India's independence.
Districts and states[edit]
Present districts and divisions[edit]
- The Union territory of Chandigarh
- Patiala District
- Mohali District
- Mansa District
- Barnala District
- Sangrur District
- Jalandhar District
- Muktsar District
- Hoshiarpur District
- Bathinda District
- Ludhiana District
- Firozpur District
- Panchkula District
- Jind District
- Ambala District
- Fazilka District
- Faridkot District
- Moga District
- Fatehgarh Sahib District
- Rupnagar District
- Yamunanagar District
Present 14 districts of East Punjab, Chandigarh and present 4 districts of Haryana were there in Cis Sutlej States.
Rest of the Bist Doab including districts of Hoshiarpur,Kapurthala, SBS Nagar and Jalandhar were merged and made a new Trans Sutlej States in 1846 after First Anglo Sikh War.
Princely states[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid Eighteenth Century, Farooqui Salma Ahmed, Salma Ahmed Farooqui, Google Books. ISBN 9788131732021. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
- ↑ Chaurasia, R. S. (2004). History of the Marathas - R.S. Chaurasia - Google Books. ISBN 9788126903948. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
- ↑ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (6 August 2007). Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World. Pearson Education India. ISBN 9788131708347.
- ↑ Wellesley, Arthur (1837). The Despatches, Minutes, and Correspondance, of the Marquess Wellesley, K. G. During His Administration in India. pp. 264–267.
- ↑ Wellesley, Arthur (1859). Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797-1805. Vol. I. pp. 269–279, 319.
"ART VI Scindiah to renounce all claims the Seik chiefs or territories" (p.318)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cis-Sutlej States". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 693.