Abul Kashem Khan

Abul Kashem Khan
Abul Kashem Khan
	President Ayub Khan at the residence of Khan (right) in Chittagong (1960)
Born	5 April 1905; Mohara village, Panchlaish Thana, Eastern Bengal and Assam, British India
Died	31 March 1991 (aged 85); Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nationality	British (1905-1947); East Pakistani (1947-1971); Bangladeshi (1971-1991)
Alma mater	Presidency University
Occupation	Industrialist
Known for	Founder of A K Khan & Company
Spouse(s)	Shamsun Nahar Khan
Children	A. M. Zahiruddin Khan (son) ; A.K Shamsuddin Khan (son) ; Salahuddin Kasem Khan (son) ; Sadruddin Khan (son) ; A.M Ziauddin Khan (son) ; Begum Latifa Siddiqi (daughter) ; Zebun Nahar Islam (daughter) ; Yasmin Kabir Khan (daughter) ; Shamima Khanam (daughter)
Parent(s)	Abdul Latif Khan (father) ; Wahabun Nessa Khan (mother)
Relatives	Zeenat Mosharraf (niece) ; M.R Siddiqi (son-in-law) ; Khandaker Abdur Rashid (nephew-in-law) ; Syed Faruque Rahman (nephew-in-law) ; Saifur Rahman (nephew-in-law)

Abul Kashem Khan (best known as A. K. Khan; 5 April 1905 – 31 March 1991) was a Bangladeshi lawyer, industrialist and politician. In 1945, he founded A K Khan & Company, one of Pakistan's leading conglomerates until 1971, when it became one of Bangladesh's leading conglomerates.^[1] Khan served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. He was a federal minister of Pakistan and member in the Pakistan National Assembly.

Early life[edit]

He was born in an aristocratic family in the village of Mohara in Panchlaish in Chittagong in 1905. His father, Abdul Latif Khan, was a government sub-registrar at Fatehabad, Chittagong, and his mother's name was Wahabun Nessa Khan. Khan's great-great-great grandfather, Shamsher Khan, was a rich politician and minister in the city of Gour in the 16th-century.^[2] Khan studied law at Presidency College, Calcutta. In 1934 he joined the Kolkata High court as an advocate. He joined the judicial branch of the Bengali Civil service in 1935. He continued in the service till 1944.^[1]

Career[edit]

Khan entered business during the Second World War in 1945, when Chittagong was a key base for Allied Forces. A variety of industries, including a match factory, a plywood factory, a garment mill, and a dockyard, have been stepped up by him. He was elected a member of the Constituent Assembly of India from the All-India Muslim League candidate in 1946. He joined the Pakistan Constituent Assembly after the partition of India. In 1951-1952 budget he spoke against the economical discrimination of East Pakistan.^[1]

"Sir, I cannot help' remark ' which I hope will not be misinterpreted as an indication of petty provincial-mindedness. Sir, these are the days of decentralisation and regional self-sufficiency. We find that in this six-year plan, the total sum allocated to East Bengal where 56 percent of your people live is less than 23 percent. Under the head 'Agriculture', provision has been made for 82 crores and a sum total of all the projects envisaged for East Bengal is only 5.6 crores. Under the head 'Development of Hydro-Electric Power', a provision for 45 crores has been made and the share of East Bengal is only 5 crores. Under the head 'Industries', provision has been made for textile industries' [for West Pakistan] to the tune of 30 crores and the provision for jute industry' [for East Bengal] is only 11 crores. Now, Sir, this gives a clear indication that not only in the past, not only in the present, but in the future development plans of the country, East Bengal is not expected to get its legitimate share."^[1]^[3]

Politics[edit]

He was the minister of Industries, Works, Irrigation, Power and Mineral Resources from 1958 to 1962. From 1962 to 1964 he was a member of the national assembly of Pakistan. He retired from politics in 1965.^[1]

Personal life[edit]

Khan married his wife Shamsun Nahar Khan in 1935. She was the daughter of a wealthy merchant, Abdul Bari Chowdhury, who owned industries in British Burma. Abdul Bari owned a shipping company and multiple rice mills in Rangoon until the Japanese invasion of Burma, after which he moved to Chittagong. In Chittagong, he established a shipping company called the Bengal-Burma Steam Navigation Company, the first maritime company in the area to challenge the dominance of the British India Steam Navigation Company. Chowdhury also served as a director of the Pakistan Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation.

Khan had 9 children with Shamsun Nahar: 5 sons and 4 daughters; Zahiruddin (Bambu), Shamsuddin (Jambu), Salahuddin, Sadruddin, Ziauddin (Pablo), Latifa (Kohinoor), Zebun Nahar, Yasmin, and Shamima.^[2]

Khan's eldest daughter, Latifa, was married to Bangladesh's first minister of commerce and the first Bangladeshi ambassador to the United States, Mustafizur Rahman Siddiqi. Khan's maternal niece, Durrani, was married to the former finance minister of Bangladesh Saifur Rahman. Durrani's daughter, Saifa, was married to her cousin Amer Siddiqi (Guchchu), son of Khan's eldest daugher Latifa and M.R Siddiqi. Khan's granddaughter through his eldest son, Zahiruddin, is married to the son of former BNP foreign minister Morshed Khan.

Khan's brother, Shamshul Huda Khan (S.H Khan), was the president of the Chittagong branch of the All Pakistan Muslim Youth Movement. He was elected vice-president of the movement's central committee in 1954. In 1955, S.H Khan was elected as the vice-president of the International Assembly of Muslim Youth.^[4] S.H Khan's daughter, Farida, was married to Major Faruque, and his other daugher, Zubeida (Tinku), was married to Major Rashid. Major Faruque and Major Rashid played leading roles in the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.^[5] Another niece of Khan, Zeenat Mosharraf, was married to BNP minister and former state minister of energy A. K. M. Mosharraf Hossain. Zeenat was also a mistress of former military dictator H M Ershad.^[2]

Death[edit]

He died on 31 March 1991.^[1] His wife, Shamsun Nahar Khan, died the same year just two months after his death.^[2] He left behind nine children; 5 sons and 4 daughters.

In popular culture[edit]

AK Khan More is a circle located in Chittagong, Bangladesh near Dhaka-Chittagong Trunk Road.

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Islam, Sirajul. "Khan, Abul Kashem". banglapedia. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nahid, Farzana (2017). "Entrepreneurial Capacity and State Incapacity: Family Firms in Bangladesh" (PDF). Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya: 153–172.
↑ Ahmed, Salahuddin (1 January 2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH Publishing. p. 337. ISBN 9788176484695.
↑ "Shamshul Huda Khan". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
↑ "Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1975) - profile of two masterminds or 'Killer Majors' Syed Farook Rahman & Khandaker Abdur Rashid - History of Bangladesh". Londoni. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

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[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Islam, Sirajul. "Khan, Abul Kashem". banglapedia. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nahid, Farzana (2017). "Entrepreneurial Capacity and State Incapacity: Family Firms in Bangladesh" (PDF). Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya: 153–172.

[3] Ahmed, Salahuddin (1 January 2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH Publishing. p. 337. ISBN 9788176484695.

[4] "Shamshul Huda Khan". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

[5] "Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1975) - profile of two masterminds or 'Killer Majors' Syed Farook Rahman & Khandaker Abdur Rashid - History of Bangladesh". Londoni. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

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