Shaheen Bagh Protests

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Shaheen Bagh protest
Part of Citizenship Amendment Act protests
Date15 December 2019 – 24 March 2020 (101 days)
Location
Shaheen Bagh, Delhi, India

28°32′34″N 77°18′09″E / 28.54278°N 77.30250°E / 28.54278; 77.30250
Caused byPassage of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 and police intervention at Jamia Millia Islamia
GoalsRoll back the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) and prevent implementation of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) and National Population Register (NPR)
MethodsSit-in, demonstrations, civil disobedience, hunger strike, public lectures, art (graffiti, posters, poetry, storytelling, street performance, puppetry)
StatusHalted due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Protest did not resume. On 7 October 2020, the Supreme Court of India ruled that Shaheen Bagh-type protests, which occupy public places indefinitely, are not permissible.
Lead figures
Non-centralized leadership. Key figures included Bilkis Bano (Bilkis Dadi), Sharjeel Imam (alleged organiser), and various local women.
Casualties
Deaths1 (one infant dead due to severe cold and chest congestion developed from exposure to the winter.)
Injuries1
Arrested10+

The Shaheen Bagh protest was a peaceful sit-in protest in Delhi, India, that began on 15 December 2019 and lasted until 24 March 2020. The protest was led primarily by Muslim women who blocked a major road at Shaheen Bagh using non-violent resistance 24×7. Mainly consisting of Muslim women, the protest began in response to the passage of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) on 11 December 2019 and the ensuing police intervention against students at Jamia Millia Islamia who were opposing the Amendment.[1][2]

After the COVID-19 outbreak in India and subsequent government-enforced restrictions, the protest continued for several days in a more controlled manner. Following the complete lockdown imposed in Delhi on 23 March 2020, the remaining protesters were arrested or forcefully removed from the site by the Delhi Police on 24 March 2020.[3][4]

The leaderless protest became politicized and was generally against the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government. The blockade became a campaign issue in the 2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election, especially for the BJP. BJP leader Kapil Mishra campaign was negative towards the Shaheen Bagh protests with a number of campaigners making controversial statements such as "Goli maaron saalon ko, desh ke gaddaron ko" (English: shoot them, the traitors to the nation).[2] Some BJP campaigners promised to immediately remove the blockade after being voted into power and were accused by their opponents of prolonging the demonstration to agitate voters. BJP won an extra six seats as compared to the last election while Aam Aadmi Party retained a clear majority with 62 seats.

Background[edit | edit source]

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act was passed by the Parliament of India on 11 December 2019 and received presidential assent on 13 December 2019.[2] The Act amended the Citizenship Act, 1955 to grant eligibility for Indian citizenship to Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians who migrated from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan to India on or before 31 December 2014, and who faced religious persecution in their home countries.[2] The Act, however, does not grant citizenship to Muslims from these countries, which critics argue is discriminatory on the basis of religion.[2]

Following the passage of the Act, the central government decided to prepare a National Population Register (NPR) by September 2020 to lay the foundation for rolling out a National Register of Citizens (NRC) across the country.[2] Many in the northeastern states felt that permanent settlement of illegal immigrants would disturb the region's demography and further burden resources and decrease employment opportunities for indigenous people.[2] The Act triggered widespread protests, starting in the northeastern states and soon spreading across the rest of the country.[2]

On 15 December 2019, Delhi Police and the paramilitary Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) entered the Jamia Millia Islamia campus, ostensibly in pursuit of miscreants who had allegedly set buses on fire in the vicinity of the university during the anti-CAA protests.[1] The police lobbed teargas shells inside the campus, and dragged students out of the library and the mosque, and assaulted them.[1] Over 200 people, mostly students, were injured in the brutal lathi charge.[2] The attacks on students on their university campuses triggered nationwide protests with Human Rights Watch urging India to launch a probe into the attacks.[2]

Timeline[edit | edit source]

December 2019[edit | edit source]

  • 15 December 2019: Women of Shaheen Bagh and other nearby localities in north-east Delhi assembled at the intersection of Shaheen Bagh and began an indefinite sit-in protest in contention with the Act.[2][1] The protest began on a key stretch Kalindi Kunj Road that links the densely populated Shaheen Bagh with the satellite township of Noida.[1]
  • 16 December 2019: An FIR was registered by the Delhi Police naming seven students as instigators. Later that night, 10 different protests broke out across Delhi.[2]
  • 31 December 2019: Shaheen Bagh rang in 2020 singing the national anthem. As the clock struck 12, the protesting crowd burst into a cheer to greet the fellow protesters the new year, and moments later broke into the national anthem in unison which was followed by the slogan "Inquilab Zindabad".[1]

January 2020[edit | edit source]

  • January 2020: A petition was filed in the Delhi High Court by social activist-advocate Amit Sahni seeking directions to the Delhi Police chief and area DCPs to withdraw the closure of the stretch and the Okhla underpass.[1] Refusing to pass any specific direction, a bench of Chief Justice D N Patel and Justice C Hari Shankar asked police to "react, in accordance with law, rules and government policies applicable to the facts of the present case".[1] It directed the police to act as per the "ground reality" and their "wisdom". The petitioner has approached the Supreme Court.[1]
  • 15 January 2020: BJP IT cell head Amit Malviya tweeted a video of a group of men talking about the Shaheen Bagh protesters, alleging that women participating in the sit-in protest are being paid to demonstrate against the Citizenship Amendment Act and the proposed National Register of Citizens.[5] A man in the video further claimed that the protest was "sponsored" by the Congress party.[5]
  • 28 January 2020: West Delhi BJP MP Parvesh Verma sparked a controversy after he said if the anti-CAA and NRC protests at Shaheen Bagh continued, Delhi will face a "Kashmir-like situation".[1] Verma also said protesters at Shaheen Bagh "can enter homes and rape our sisters and daughters".[1] He had earlier said that no one will be found at the protest site in Shaheen Bagh if BJP is voted to power in Delhi.[1]
  • 29 January 2020: A four-month-old infant whose parents had been protesting at Shaheen Bagh died, allegedly due to exposure to the cold, on the night of January 29.[1] The child's mother Nazia claimed the new citizenship law was the reason for her child's death.[1] "I would bring him to the protest to fight for the future. He was only a witness in the fight; he played with his siblings."[1]

February 2020[edit | edit source]

  • 2 February 2020: Two days after a 17-year-old shot at a student of Jamia Millia Islamia during a protest against the new citizenship law, a man fired at least two shots about 50 metres from the stage at the Shaheen Bagh protest.[1] No one was injured in the firing. In videos shot by eyewitnesses, the shooter identified as Kapil can be heard saying "Jai Shri Ram" and "hamaare desh mein kisi ki nahi chalegi, sirf Hinduon ki chalegi (No one except Hindus will have their way in our country)".[1] He also said "ours is a Hindu rashtravaadi desh", even as people in the area called him an "aatankwadi (terrorist)".[1]
  • 23 February 2020: While protests were still underway in Shaheen Bagh and Jafrabad, BJP leader Kapil Mishra gave an 'ultimatum' to the Delhi police to clear the protestors.[2] Within hours of the speech, the 2020 Delhi pogrom erupted.[2]
  • 24-25 February 2020: US President Donald Trump visited India. During this period, Umar Khalid allegedly delivered provocative speeches calling upon people to come out on the streets and block roads.[6]

March 2020[edit | edit source]

  • 24 March 2020: Following the complete lockdown imposed in Delhi on 23 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the remaining protesters were arrested or forcefully removed from the site by the Delhi Police.[3] The protest site at Shaheen Bagh in Delhi was cleared on Tuesday morning after 101 days amid the nationwide lockdown over coronavirus pandemic.[1] All protest sites were cleared - Jaffrabad, Jamia and Turkman Gate.[7]

Key figures[edit | edit source]

Bilkis Bano[edit | edit source]

Bilkis Bano, nicknamed Bilkis Dadi (lit. transl. 'Grandmother Bilkis'), is an Indian activist who was at the forefront of the Shaheen Bagh protest. For her role in the Shaheen Bagh protest, she came to be known as one of the 'Dadis of Shaheen Bagh'. With prayer beads in her right hand, covered in layers of cardigan, and a shawl thrown around her, 82-year-old Bilkis was a permanent fixture at the protest site.[8] Bilkis and her two friends, the group of three elderly women protesters became the face of the protest.[8] On 26 January 2020, Bilkis, along with the mothers of Rohith Vemula and Junaid Khan, hoisted the national flag at Shaheen Bagh as hundreds of people showed up there for Republic Day celebrations.[9] Bilkis was later listed in TIME magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of 2020.[9]

Sharjeel Imam[edit | edit source]

Sharjeel Imam, a former Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) student and activist, emerged as a key organiser of the Shaheen Bagh protest.[10] He was described by the police as the "chief co-ordinator" of the protest.[10] In January 2020, Imam delivered a speech in which he called for cutting off Assam and the rest of the Northeast from India by blocking the Siliguri Corridor, also known as the "Chicken's Neck".[11] According to reports, Imam stated: "Scatter so much debris on the tracks that it takes at least a month to clear it. ... It is our responsibility to cut off Assam. Cut all the supplies from here. We can stop it because the chicken neck belongs to Muslims."[12] He also allegedly said that with "5 lakh people, we can permanently cut off India and the North East. If not permanently, then at least a month or so."[12]

Following his speech, the Assam police registered a case against him at the Guwahati Crime Branch police station under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, read with relevant Sections of the IPC.[11] The police in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, also registered an FIR against him for the speech at Aligarh Muslim University on January 16.[12] The Delhi Police booked Imam for allegedly delivering inflammatory speeches against the amended Citizenship Act and the planned National Register of Citizens.[13] A case against Imam under IPC sections 124A (sedition), 153A (promoting enmity between different religious groups) and 505 (statements conducing to public mischief) was registered.[13] A case of sedition was lodged against Imam on Saturday for a speech he delivered on the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) campus on January 16.[13]

Umar Khalid[edit | edit source]

Umar Khalid, a JNU student activist, was accused by the Delhi Police of being a key conspirator in the 2020 Delhi riots case.[6] According to the police, Khalid delivered provocative speeches calling upon people to come out on the streets and block roads during the visit of US President Donald Trump, on 24th and 25th February 2020 with a view to internationalise a narrative that minorities in India were being ill-treated and tortured.[6] Khalid allegedly held a "secret meeting" in Seelampur in January 2020 with Gulfisha Fatima, Natasha Narwal, Devangana Kalita, and others, where he purportedly instructed them to induce local women of Seelampur to stockpile knives, bottles, acid, stones, chilli powder, and other dangerous articles to engineer a riot.[6]

Other figures[edit | edit source]

  • Radhika Vemula: Mother of Rohith Vemula, who joined the Shaheen Bagh protesters and hoisted the national flag on Republic Day.[14]
  • Saira Bano: Mother of Junaid Khan, who also joined the protest.[14]

Misinformation and paid protest allegations[edit | edit source]

The Shaheen Bagh protest was marred by a sustained misinformation campaign on social media, with numerous viral claims alleging that the protesters, particularly the women, were being paid to protest.[15] These claims were repeatedly debunked by independent fact-checking organisations, but the narratives continued to circulate widely.

The "paid protesters" claim[edit | edit source]

On 15 January 2020, BJP IT cell head Amit Malviya tweeted a video of a group of men talking about the Shaheen Bagh protesters, alleging that women participating in the sit-in protest are being paid to demonstrate against the Citizenship Amendment Act and the proposed National Register of Citizens.[5] A man in the video further claimed that the protest was "sponsored" by the Congress party.[5] The unidentified man in the video claimed that the women were receiving Rs 500 to 1,200 per day to sit in and were even being provided food and other incentives.[16] The video was amplified by several mainstream news channels, including Times Now, India Today, and Republic TV.[5]

In response, two women who had been protesting for over a month at Shaheen Bagh sent a legal notice for defamation to Amit Malviya for claiming protesters at the Shaheen Bagh were accepting money in exchange for showing up.[16] The women filed a Rs 1-crore defamation lawsuit against Malviya, demanding the sum to be paid in damages as well as an apology.[16] The notice was sent under Section 500 of the Indian Penal Code.[16] Nafisa Bano, a resident of Zakir Nagar, and Shahzad Fatma of Shaheen Bagh together sent the notice from the office of advocate Mahmoud Pracha, the legal adviser to the protesters.[16] The legal notice read: "By making and propagating false allegations against the protesters and casting aspersions on their motivations, you, the addressee, and other entities, have not only played a fraud on the general public but have also attempted to bring disrepute to the protesters who are bringing the attention of a large number of people on the issues being pressed by this extraordinary exercise of Constitutional freedom."[16]

An independent investigation by Alt News and Newslaundry found that the "sting" video was unverified and that the claims made in it could not be substantiated.[5] The investigation revealed that the video was shot without any verifiable context and that the BJP had not disclosed the source of the video.[5]

Video of relief distribution misrepresented[edit | edit source]

A video massively viral across social media channels was shared with the recurring claim that individuals protesting against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) are being paid to agitate.[17] The video was shared across platforms with the falsified claim that women in Shaheen Bagh were being paid to protest.[17] From a Facebook group "We Support Narendra Modi", the post received 64,000 shares.[17] Several people commenting on the video called for the murder of "such protestors".[17]

Fact-checking by Alt News found that the video was actually from Babu Nagar, A block, Gali number 9, in Old Mustafabad, and showed relief distribution to victims of the 2020 Delhi riots.[17] Chennai-based activist Chandra Mohan went to the same location and recorded a video debunking social media claims.[17] He introduced a man named Shahzad Malik, who was seen in the video distributing cash.[17] Malik had provided ration to riot victims and gave Rs 70,000 of his own money, giving Rs 500 to each person.[17] The video was circulated with the false claim that it showed Shaheen Bagh protesters being paid.[17]

Old video of man spitting on food[edit | edit source]

A video went viral on social media in which a group of men wearing skull caps could be seen standing around a large container of food.[18] The post claimed that the location is Shaheen Bagh in New Delhi and the man is spitting on a ladle of biryani before distributing it to non-Muslims.[18] The caption of the video, which is in Hindi, reads, "Here is the reality of biryani being distributed in Shaheen Bagh. The food is being spat on before it is to be distributed to non-Muslims. It is impossible to make secular people understand this."[18] The post was shared by more than 14,000 people.[18]

India Today Anti Fake News War Room (AFWA) found the claim related to the video to be false.[18] The video was found to be at least two years old and was uploaded on YouTube on December 15, 2018, by Basheer Bahrain.[18] The caption of the YouTube video is in Malayalam, which says, "Those who don't understand barkat of Islam, they should eat spitted on food."[18] Hence, it was clearly established that the viral video was two years old and not from Delhi.[18]

Photo of burqa-clad man[edit | edit source]

A photo circulated online with the claim that it showed a man disguised as a woman who was caught at the Shaheen Bagh protests.[19] The claim was false; the photo had circulated online since at least 2015 in media reports about a burqa-clad militant arrested in Kashmir.[19] The claim was shared with the text: "In Shaheen Bagh, a man wearing a woman attire is attending the protests, as Biryani and Rs 500 is at stake."[19]

Video of women fighting[edit | edit source]

A video was widely shared on social media with a claim that it shows Shaheen Bagh paid-protestors fighting with each other over sharing of money.[20] The claim was false; the video was at least a year old and showed a scuffle between a group of women in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, and was falsely shared as protesters fighting over the distribution of money at Shaheen Bagh.[20][21]

"Proof of Biryani" tweet[edit | edit source]

On 17 January 2020, Amit Malviya shared a photograph of an elderly man eating biryani at Shaheen Bagh.[22] In a tweet, Malviya wrote, "Proof of Biryani being distributed at Shaheen Bagh!"[22] Critics pointed out that the act of eating food at a protest site was not an offence or morally incorrect, and that the tweet was an attempt to imply wrongdoing without evidence.[22]

Enforcement Directorate allegations[edit | edit source]

On 6 February 2020, two days before the Delhi Assembly polls, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) claimed that the Shaheen Bagh protest was funded by the Popular Front of India (PFI) and that leaders of the Congress and the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) were in touch with the PFI chief.[23] The ED submitted a sealed cover report to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).[23] The documents, related to the probe, revealed that ₹120 crores were deposited in 73 bank accounts of 15 different banks related to the PFI and the Rehab India Foundation.[23] The transactions ranging from ₹5,000 to ₹49,000 were used to deposit money via cash and Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) in those accounts.[23] The probe revealed that ₹1.05 crore out of the total funds were deposited in 15 accounts belonging to the PFI and one-third of the cash was kept at its Shaheen Bagh headquarters.[23] The ED also claimed that PFI's Delhi President Mohammed Parvez Ahmed had been in touch with AAP's Rajya Sabha MP Sanjay Singh and several Congress leaders including Udit Raj.[23] Ahmed was also a part of various WhatsApp groups such as 'Bhim Army top 100' and 'Unification of Muslim leaders'.[23] Responding to the allegations of being in touch with Pervez Ahmed, Congress leader Udit Raj said he might have contacted him as he has been calling several parties, Muslim leaders and Dalit groups to unite against the Citizenship Amendment Act, but he ruled out having any monetary relations with him and his outfit.[23]

According to ED sources, the central probe agency found connection of the PFI with other organisations, including some big names in the AAP.[24] The ED also started investigations into linkages between the Bhim Party with the PFI.[24] The investigators found that PFI's Delhi unit president Mohammed Perwez Ahmed has been in touch with several AAP and Congress leaders.[24] In January, the ED had found evidence of PFI and RFI funding to the tune of Rs 120 crore, for the anti-CAA protests, primarily in the Shaheen Bagh area of Delhi.[24]

AAP and BJP counter-allegations[edit | edit source]

On 17 August 2020, the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) accused the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of scripting the anti-CAA protest at Shaheen Bagh and executing the Delhi riots in its name after losing the Delhi Assembly elections earlier that year.[25] AAP chief spokesperson Saurabh Bharadwaj alleged at a press conference that the people who protested were also part of the BJP.[25] The allegations came in the wake of several Shaheen Bagh residents joining the BJP.[25]

Bharadwaj said: "A lot of people went there [Shaheen Bagh] to protect democracy and they will be shocked to know that they were betrayed as the protest was scripted by the BJP."[25] He further said: "The entire election campaign of BJP was based on Shaheen Bagh, BJP is the only party which benefited from Shaheen Bagh."[26] AAP alleged that the BJP conspired with the Delhi police and planned the Shaheen Bagh demonstrations to get political mileage ahead of the Delhi Assembly elections.[27]

Delhi Police's claims[edit | edit source]

In January 2025, while opposing bail pleas of accused in the 2020 North-East Delhi riots case, including Sharjeel Imam and Umar Khalid, the Delhi Police argued that the Shaheen Bagh protest lacked local support and was orchestrated by bringing people from other areas.[28] Special Public Prosecutor Amit Prasad argued that the protest sites were created under a planned conspiracy and were presented as organic demonstrations.[28] Prasad further contended that the Shaheen Bagh protest, often referred to as a "Dadi-Nani protest," was artificially constructed to create public perception.[28] The police cited chats involving Sharjeel Imam and Asif Mujtaba, alleging that the protests were masterminded by them.[28] They claimed there was sufficient evidence to suggest the protests were not organic.[28] During the hearing, the court questioned whether organising a protest site could justify charges under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) against individuals.[28]

The Delhi Police alleged that the riots were the outcome of a pre-planned conspiracy orchestrated by Umar Khalid along with his associates.[6] According to the police, Imam played a decisive role in the creation and sustenance of the Shaheen Bagh protest site, which evolved into a prolonged 24x7 blockade of a major arterial road and his role was foundational and preparatory.[6] Imam allegedly attended and participated in conspiratorial meetings at Jangpura and within the JNU ecosystem, where the strategy of chakka jam and escalation of protests was discussed.[6] His role was not geographically confined to Delhi as he acted as a mobiliser and ideologue and travelled to Aligarh and other locations.[6]

Supreme Court verdict[edit | edit source]

On 7 October 2020, the Supreme Court of India ruled that no person or group of persons can block public places or carriageways to demonstrate or express dissent.[29] The SC verdict came on a number of petitions seeking guidelines and other directions on the right to protest in wake of the Shaheen Bagh protest where a group of people had gathered for months to protest against the CAA, blocking a key road connecting Delhi and Noida.[29] "Protest should be at designated places. Authorities should remove protests which are not being staged at designated places," the SC said.[29] "Occupation of public places or roads by demonstrators, which cause inconvenience to a large number of people and violate their rights, is not permissible under law," the SC bench, headed by Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul and also comprising Justices Aniruddha Bose and Krishna Murari, said.[29] The SC said right to peaceful protest is a constitutional right and it has to be respected.[29] But that does not mean agitating people should adopt means and modes of protest that was used against colonial rulers during struggle for independence.[29] The top court had earlier appointed senior advocates -- Sanjay Hedge, Sadhana Ramachandran, and former bureaucrat Wajahat Habibullah -- as interlocutors to talk to the protestors and convince them to demonstrate at an alternate location.[29] The interlocutors had submitted their report in a sealed cover in February.[29]

The Supreme Court later clarified that public ways and public spaces cannot be occupied indefinitely, and that the Shaheen Bagh protest "was not even one of protests taking place in an undesignated area, but was a blockage of a public way which caused grave inconvenience to commuters."[30] In January 2022, the Supreme Court declined to entertain an application seeking clarification on its judgement of October 7, 2020, in which the top court had said that public roads can't be blocked.[31]

Aftermath and legacy[edit | edit source]

The Shaheen Bagh protest inspired similar copycat protests across the country, such as those in Gaya, Kolkata, Prayagraj, Mumbai and Bengaluru. The protest was widely seen as a symbol of resistance against what was perceived as a discriminatory citizenship law and the fact that it was led by a bunch of Muslim women of diverse ages lent it a unique character.[32] A year after the protest began, the movement continued to inspire those standing up for the idea of India.[33] Two years after the protest, activists and organisers celebrated the anniversary with a renewed resolve to repeal the CAA, along with a recall of NRC and NPR processes.[34] A joint petition to the President of India to repeal CAA-NPR-NRC was initiated by the organizers.[34]

The protest also led to significant legal and political consequences. Several accused in the 2020 Delhi riots case, including Sharjeel Imam and Umar Khalid, remained in jail for years.[6] In January 2026, the Supreme Court dismissed the bail pleas of activists Umar Khalid and Sharjeel Imam in the 2020 Delhi riots conspiracy case but ordered the release of five other accused -- Gulfisha Fatima, Meera Haider, Shifa Ur Rehman, Md Saleem Khan and Shadab Ahmed, citing "hierarchy of participation."[6] Sharjeel Imam told a Delhi court that he had withdrawn from the protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act before violence broke out in northeast Delhi in February 2020.[35] He said the police had relied on allegations that Imam drafted pamphlets and addressed protest sites at Shaheen Bagh and Jamia Millia Islamia, but argued that these acts did not constitute a conspiracy.[35]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 Indian Express (24 March 2020). "Shaheen Bagh's 101-day protest: Timeline of sit-in against CAA". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 Outlook Web Desk (24 February 2023). "Delhi Burning: A Timeline Of Anti-CAA Protests And Northeast Delhi Violence". Outlook India. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 DNA Web Team (24 March 2020). "Delhi police clears Shaheen Bagh protest site amid lockdown over COVID-19". DNA India. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  4. ↑ The Quint (24 March 2020). "Shaheen Bagh Cleared: 'Prioritise Pandemic,' Say Interlocutors". The Quint. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Alt News (4 February 2020). "Truth about "sting" claiming Shaheen Bagh women were paid Rs 500: Alt News-Newslaundry joint investigation". Alt News. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 Tribune News Service (5 January 2026). "Role of Umar Khalid, Sharjeel Imam and others in 2020 Delhi riots case". The Tribune. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  7. ↑ Tehelka (24 March 2020). "Shaheen Bagh protest site cleared by police amid Delhi lockdown". Tehelka. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 HT News Desk (24 September 2020). "Bilkis, 'dadi of Shaheen Bagh', on TIME's list of 100 influential people". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Indian Express (27 September 2020). "Explained: Who is Bilkis, the Shaheen Bagh dadi in TIME's list of most influential people of 2020?". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Zee News (25 January 2020). "Shaheen Bagh protest mastermind Sharjeel Imam booked for 'cut off northeast from India' remark". Zee News. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Hindu (25 January 2020). "Assam police file case against former JNU student Sharjeel Imam". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Scroll Staff. "Citizenship Act: Activist Sharjeel Imam's speech at Jamia was divisive, Delhi Police tell court". Scroll.in. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 ThePrint (26 January 2020). "Delhi Police books Shaheen Bagh protest organiser Sharjeel Imam for 'inflammatory speech'". ThePrint. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 HuffPost India (17 February 2020). "Shaheen Bagh's Contagious Freedom Lets Us Imagine The Nation We Can Be". HuffPost India. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  15. ↑ Times of India. "Fact Check: Truth behind Fake News on Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 News18 (21 January 2020). "Shaheen Bagh's Women Protesters Send Rs 1 Crore Defamation Notice to BJP's Amit Malviya". News18. Retrieved 14 September 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 The Wire (3 March 2020). "Delhi Riots: Video of Relief Distribution Circulated With Distorted Claims". The Wire. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 India Today (23 January 2020). "Fact Check: Old video passed off as man in Shaheen Bagh spitting on food for distribution". India Today. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 AFP Fact Check (17 April 2024). "This photo has circulated since 2015 in reports about a burqa-clad militant arrested in Kashmir". AFP Fact Check. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Factly (11 September 2026). "Rakesh Vuppu, Author at FACTLY". Factly. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  21. ↑ Alt News (24 January 2020). "Old video from MP viral as women CAA protesters fighting over distribution of money". Alt News. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Siasat (10 February 2020). "How the ringmaster of BJP's IT Cell weaponizes misinformation". Siasat. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 Times Now (6 February 2020). "ED drops bombshell, links PFI-Congress-AAP with Shaheen Bagh protest before Delhi polls". Times Now. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 IANS (6 February 2020). "ED sees Shaheen Bagh links among PFI, AAP, Congress". The Morung Express. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 The Hindu (18 August 2020). "AAP claims BJP 'scripted' Shaheen Bagh protest". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  26. ↑ The Quint (17 August 2020). "What Does AAP Gain by Calling Shaheen Bagh 'BJP's Brainchild'?". The Quint. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  27. ↑ Deccan Chronicle (18 August 2020). "Shaheen Bagh protests 'scripted' by BJP for electoral gains, says AAP". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 India Today (9 January 2025). "Protests weren't organic: Delhi Police oppose bail plea of 2020 riots accused". India Today. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 Times of India (7 October 2020). "No person or group of persons can block public places to express dissent: Supreme Court on Shaheen Bagh protests". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  30. ↑ Indian Express (8 October 2020). "On shaheen bagh protest: Can express dissent in designated places alone, rules apex court". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  31. ↑ Siasat (24 January 2022). "SC junks plea for clarification on its order on Shaheen Bagh protests". Siasat. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  32. ↑ The Statesman (27 March 2020). "End of a protest". The Statesman. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  33. ↑ National Herald (17 December 2020). "A year on, the Shaheen Bagh movement continues to inspire those standing up for the idea of India". National Herald. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 National Herald (17 December 2021). "Two years of Shaheen Bagh; celebrations and new resolve". National Herald. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Hindustan Times (9 January 2026). "Sharjeel Imam says he quit CAA protests before 2020 Delhi riots". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
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