Mian Mitthu

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This article is about the Pakistani cleric and politician. For the historical Sufi saint, see Mian Mittha.
Mian Abdul Haq
ReligionIslam
Other political affiliationGrand Democratic Alliance (2018)
Born
Mian Abdul Haq

1936 (age 89–90)
Ghotki, Sindh, British India
Other namesMian Mitthu, Mian Mithu, Mian Mithoo, Mitthu Mian, Pir of Bharchundi Sharif
CitizenshipPakistani
OccupationCleric, politician
Years active2008–present
Known forAlleged involvement in forced conversions of Hindu girls
Political partyPakistan Peoples Party (2008–2012)
Children100+ (including grandchildren)[1]

Mian Abdul Haq (Urdu: میاں عبدالحق; born 1936), commonly known as Mian Mitthu or Mian Mithu, is a Pakistani cleric and former politician from the Ghotki District of Sindh. He is the custodian (pir) of the Dargah Bharchundi Sharif, a Sufi shrine and madrasa in Ghotki.[2][3][4] He has been described by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) as being at the centre of a network involved in the abduction, forced conversion, and coerced marriage of Hindu girls in Sindh.[5][6][7]

Mian Mitthu served as a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 2008 to 2013, having been elected on a Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) ticket from NA-200 (Ghotki-I).[1][2][8] He has consistently denied all allegations of forced conversion.[2][9][10] In December 2022, the UK government sanctioned him for "forced marriages and forced religious conversions of non-Muslims and minors."[2][11][4][12]

Early life and background[edit | edit source]

Mian Abdul Haq was born in 1936 in the Ghotki District of Sindh.[1][13] He belongs to an influential family in the region and is the custodian of the Dargah Bharchundi Sharif, a Sufi shrine located near Daharki in Ghotki District.[14][5][15] The shrine is one of the major centres in Sindh associated with the conversion of religious minorities to Islam.[3][5] His nephew, Mian Muhammad Javed, has also been identified by the HRCP as a central figure in alleged abductions alongside his uncle.[5][6]

Dargah Bharchundi Sharif[edit | edit source]

The Dargah Bharchundi Sharif, located in Ghotki District, is a Sufi shrine and seminary run by Mian Mitthu.[3][5] The shrine was established in the late 19th century by Hafiz Muhammad Siddique, a prominent Sufi scholar of the Qadiriyya order in Sindh.[16] While historically recognised for its spiritual influence, under Mian Mitthu's leadership, the shrine shifted toward political activism and aggressive proselytisation in Northern Sindh.[16]

According to a 2021 investigation by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), the seminary is one of three major hubs in Sindh for converting religious minorities to Islam.[3] The investigation described the seminary as bearing "the hallmarks of a 'conversion factory,' with girls and young women vanishing from their homes, marrying and converting virtually overnight, and kept away from their family – often by court order and with the backing of Mitha."[3][17]

Mian Mitthu has stated that he does not force anyone to convert, saying: "We don't force anyone to convert. But if someone comes to my Dargah to convert to Islam, it becomes my religious obligation to provide them all-out support."[3][18] In a 2019 press conference at the Karachi Press Club, he categorically denied all allegations of forced conversion, calling them "against the spirit of Islamic teachings."[10][9] He also claimed that "for decades, non-Muslims from various parts of Sindh and Balochistan have been coming to my Dargah to embrace Islam. How can we stop them or turn them away?"[9]

Political career[edit | edit source]

Mian Mitthu entered electoral politics in 2008, winning a seat in the National Assembly of Pakistan on a Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) ticket from NA-200 (Ghotki-I).[1][2][8] He served as an MNA from 2008 to 2013.[1] In 2012, the PPP denied him a ticket following the controversy surrounding the Rinkle Kumari case.[2][19][20] In 2015, Imran Khan attempted to invite him to join Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), but was forced to disassociate himself after protests from the Hindu community.[2][21]

In the 2018 general elections, he contested as a candidate of the Grand Democratic Alliance (GDA), though the alliance ultimately denied him a ticket.[19] He reportedly bagged more than 90,000 votes in the election.[22] In 2021, activists on Twitter called out the PTI government after Mian Mithu was invited by the Council of Islamic Ideology to deliberate on legislation around forced conversion.[2][23] Clerics expressed reservations on a draft bill, and a parliamentary panel ultimately rejected the bill despite protest from minority lawmakers.[2]

Opposition to 2016 Sindh Minorities Bill[edit | edit source]

In November 2016, the Provincial Assembly of Sindh unanimously passed the Criminal Law (Protection of Minorities) Bill, which criminalised forced conversions and mandated a 180-day cooling-off period for adults desiring to change religions, while prohibiting religious conversion of minors under 18.[24] Mian Mitthu emerged as a leading voice against the bill, joining religious organisations such as the Jamaat-e-Islami and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) in threatening province-wide agitations.[25] Following intense pressure, the Governor of Sindh returned the bill unratified, effectively shelving the legislation.[26]

Forced conversion and marriage[edit | edit source]

Mian Mitthu has been accused of facilitating the abduction, forced conversion, and forced marriage of underage Hindu girls in Sindh.[27][5][28] The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) has documented the alleged involvement of Mian Mitthu and his nephew, Mian Muhammad Javed, in forced conversions and coerced marriages in Ghotki District.[5] According to the HRCP, "Mian Mithu's seminary is involved in the abductions of underage Hindu girls who are then forcibly converted and married off to Muslim men."[5] The HRCP's 2025 report, Streets of Fear: Freedom of Religion or Belief in 2024/25, further highlighted his role, stating that he is "accused of orchestrating conversions at his seminary in Sindh."[6][7][29]

A 2021 report by RFE/RL estimated that as many as 1,000 girls and young women may be forcibly converted each year in Pakistan, primarily from the Hindu community.[3] The HRCP has also noted that Ghotki is the "epicentre for forced conversion of teenage Hindu girls."[30][31]

In a communication to the Government of Pakistan, several United Nations special rapporteurs raised the case of a 17-year-old Hindu girl who was allegedly abducted in February 2012 and held at Mian Abdul Haq's residence before being taken to the Dargah Bharchundi Sharif, where she was forced to sign a marriage certificate and convert to Islam.[32] The communication alleged that Mian Abdul Haq "slapped Ms. repeatedly in front of the judge and threatened her in order to stop her giving a statement against her abductors."[32]

Rinkle Kumari case (2012)[edit | edit source]

Mian Mitthu first came to national prominence in 2012 following the case of Rinkle Kumari, a young Hindu woman who was allegedly abducted and forced to convert to Islam.[27][2][33] Rinkle Kumari, a 19-year-old resident of Mirpur Mathelo in Ghotki District, was reportedly abducted on 24 February 2012 and taken to the Dargah Bharchundi Sharif, where she was converted and married to a Muslim man named Naveed Shah.[33][2] Her father, Nand Lal, received a call from Mian Aslam, son of Mian Abdul Haq, informing him that Rinkle had embraced Islam.[33] Her family filed a petition in court alleging that Mian Mitthu had supported her abduction and used his political influence to influence the legal proceedings.[14][34][35]

The case sparked protests by Hindu groups across Pakistan.[36] Rinkle Kumari's family alleged that Mian Mitthu had threatened to kill them if she returned to her parents.[34] According to the PILER report, when Rinkle was produced in court on 25 February 2012, she "screamed before the judge and pleaded to let her go with her mother."[33] The report further stated that while in police custody, she was made to speak to Mitho, who "reportedly threatened her to change her statement if she wanted to see her family alive."[33] In a 2012 court hearing, Rinkle Kumari initially stated that she had been kidnapped and forced to change her religion against her will, but later changed her statement.[32] The Supreme Court ultimately ruled that she had embraced Islam of her own volition and would remain with her husband.[14][37][38][39]

Reena and Raveena Meghwar case (2019)[edit | edit source]

In March 2019, two Hindu sisters, Reena and Raveena Meghwar, aged 13 and 14, disappeared from their home in Daharki, Ghotki District, during the festival of Holi.[5][18][40] Their father, Hari Lal, alleged that they were kidnapped by men linked to Mian Mitthu's seminary and forcibly converted to Islam.[3][18] In a video that went viral, Lal was seen beating his chest and face and vowing to kill himself outside a police station over the alleged abduction of his daughters.[3] The HRCP reported that the sisters were moved to Rahim Yar Khan by armed disciples linked to Mian Mitthu.[5] The family claimed that they were underage, but the Islamabad High Court permitted them to live with their Muslim spouses after a medical test showed that Lal's claims about their ages were incorrect.[18][40]

Simran Kumari case (2020)[edit | edit source]

In late 2020, Simran Kumari, a 17-year-old Hindu girl, was reported missing from her aunt's house in Mirpur Mathelo.[5][6] Her family was later informed that she had approached Mian Mitthu's shrine to accept Islam, adopting the name Ayesha and marrying a Muslim man on the same day. The seminary announced her age as 21.[5] In January 2021, an additional sessions judge issued a court order prohibiting Simran's family from retrieving their daughter.[5] A Ghotki-based lawyer expressed regret at the reluctance of the legal fraternity to take up her case.[5]

Mehak Kumari case (2020)[edit | edit source]

In January 2020, Mehak Kumari, a 15-year-old Hindu girl from Jacobabad, was allegedly abducted and converted to Islam at Dargah Bharchundi Sharif.[41] Mian Mitthu publicly defended the conversion, claiming she had embraced Islam voluntarily.[42] However, due to her underage status, a local court ordered her placement in a shelter home, sparking protests from Mian Mitthu's followers.[41][42]

Kavita Kumari case (2021)[edit | edit source]

In March 2021, Kavita Kumari, a 13-year-old Hindu girl from Tangwani in Kashmore District, was allegedly abducted at gunpoint from her home by five armed men.[43][44][45] According to the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), she was taken to the Dargah Bharchundi Sharif, where she was seen in a video sitting on the floor while Mian Mitthu sat on a cot, surrounded by hundreds of men.[43][45] She was allegedly converted to Islam against her wish by Mian Mithoo and later married off to her abductor.[44] The case was raised in the UK Parliament, with Lord Alton of Liverpool asking what assessment the UK government had made of reports that Mian Mithu was responsible for forcibly converting underage Hindu girls, including Kavita Kumari.[46][47]

Ekta Kumari and Dhani Kohlahi case (2021)[edit | edit source]

In January 2021, two Hindu girls, identified as Ekta Kumari and Dhani Kohlahi, were allegedly kidnapped and forcibly converted to Islam.[48] According to reports, they were taken to the Dargah-e-Aliya Bharchundi Sharif in Daharki, Ghotki district.[48] The case was linked to Mian Mithu's network of forced conversions.[48]

Asha case (2024)[edit | edit source]

On 19 December 2024, Asha, a Hindu girl from Kashmore, Sindh, was allegedly forcibly converted to Islam.[49] Reports linked the conversion to Mian Mitthu's network.[49][50]

Chinese girl Jessica case (2025)[edit | edit source]

In January 2025, a 25-year-old Chinese doctor, identified as Jessica, was reportedly taken to the Dargah Bharchundi Sharif in Daharki, where she was forced to accept Islam by Mian Mitthu and given the Islamic name Saira Khatoon.[50][51][52] According to reports, she was given conversion certificate number 25, indicating that 25 people had been converted by Mian Mitthu's network in 2025 alone.[50] Human rights activist Mahesh Vasu stated that Jessica was converted on 31 January 2025, and that most of the 25 converts were Hindus.[50][53]

Ghotki riots (2019)[edit | edit source]

In September 2019, riots broke out in Ghotki town following allegations of blasphemy against a Hindu school principal named Nautan Daas.[27][54][55][56] A video later emerged showing Mian Mitthu leading a mob of rioters.[27][15] The hashtag #ArrestMianMithoo trended on Pakistani Twitter, with users demanding his arrest.[27][54] Mian Mitthu denied any role in the riots, stating to The Express Tribune: "I was not even aware of what happened in Ghotki. I was not even present there."[54][9] However, videos on social media showed his elder brother, Mian Aslam, prompting the anti-Hindu mob.[54] Three cases were registered against over 200 people in connection with the riots.[54][57]

International scrutiny[edit | edit source]

UK sanctions (2022)[edit | edit source]

On 9 December 2022, the UK government sanctioned Mian Abdul Haq as part of a package targeting human rights violators.[2][11][4][58] The British High Commission stated: "The UK takes freedom of religion or belief very seriously and is committed to protecting minorities around the world. The new package of sanctions targets those violating fundamental freedoms. This includes Mian Abdul Haq, a cleric of the Bharchundi Sharif shrine in Ghotki, Sindh, who is responsible for forced marriages and forced religious conversions of non-Muslims and minors."[2] The sanctions mean that Mian Mitthu is unable to do business or undertake economic activity with UK citizens or businesses, and is denied entry to the UK.[2][12][59] He was one of 30 individuals sanctioned in total, of whom 18, including him, were targeted for "violations and abuses of human rights."[2][58]

The World Sindhi Congress thanked the UK government for imposing sanctions on Mian Mitthu.[60][61][62]

USCIRF reports[edit | edit source]

Beyond the UK sanctions, Mian Mitthu and Dargah Bharchundi Sharif have been highlighted in several annual reports by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) as primary drivers of religious freedom violations against non-Muslims in Southern Pakistan.[63][64] The commission has identified the shrine as a primary hub for forced conversions and coerced marriages of religious minorities in Pakistan.[63][64]

Responses and denials[edit | edit source]

Mian Mitthu has consistently denied allegations of forced conversion.[2][65][9] In a 2021 interview with The Times of India, he blamed "politics and foreign funding" for defaming him and the Dargah Bharchundi Sharif.[65] He has claimed that the girls who convert at his seminary do so of their own free will.[3][18] He has also stated that "In the past 200 years, not a single Hindu has been converted to Islam forcibly."[18] During a 2021 seminar organised by the Islamabad Bar Association, he had to respond to "several striking questions on his role in such conversions and the allegations leveled against him of forcibly converting scores of individuals to Islam."[66][67] A commentator noted that "Inviting Mian Mithu to the seminar on forced conversion is like inviting a wild animal to a civilised gathering."[67][17]

In 2016, the Senate of Pakistan's functional committee on human rights termed forced conversions "illegal" and against the principles of Islam.[68] During the hearing, a senator stated: "An individual named Mian Mitthu was active in this regard, encouraging his followers to force young girls to become Muslims."[68]

Personal life[edit | edit source]

Mian Mitthu has a large family comprising more than 100 sons, daughters, and grandchildren.[1][8] In April 2021, at the age of 85, he married a 45-year-old widow, the daughter of Jam Abdul Sattar Dahar.[1][22][8]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "85-year-old former MNA Mian Mithu 'marries for the second time'". Pakistan Observer. 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-04-08. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 "UK sanctions controversial Sindh cleric". Dawn. 10 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 "Inside Pakistan's 'Conversion Factory' For Hindu Brides". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-12-15. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Annex to Notice: Financial Sanctions: Global Human Rights" (PDF). Government of Jersey. 9 December 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 Northern Sindh: In Search of Solutions (PDF) (Report). Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-01-22. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Streets of Fear: Freedom of Religion or Belief in 2024/25 (PDF) (Report). Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-21. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Report warns of rising threats to religious freedom in Pakistan". Christian Today. 22 August 2025. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "85-year-old 'Mian Mithoo' marries for the second time: sources". Geo News. 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "Mian Mithu claims innocence in Ghotki violence case". The News International. 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Mian Mithu denies allegations of forced conversions". Dawn. 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Written questions and answers – Written questions, answers and statements – UK Parliament". UK Parliament. 12 February 2024. Archived from the original on 2025-10-07. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Pakistan's ill-treatment of minorities under scanner after UK sanctions Sindhi cleric". ThePrint. 27 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-12-28. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  13. ↑ "Forced conversions a religious duty in Pakistan". UCA News. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "ALARMING: Who is 'Mitthu Mian' and why do Hindus in Pakistan fear him?". Zee News. 13 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-08-14. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Bin Qasim's ghosts". New Age. 9 March 2026. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "The House of Bharchundi". The Friday Times. 12 April 2019. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 ""Conversion Factory" Mian Mithu, known for forced conversion of Hindu girls, invited at anti-conversion event in Pak". Organiser. 6 March 2023. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 "Pakistan's Silent Women: Forcibly Converted or Political Pawns?". The Wire. 14 November 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Grand Democratic Alliance denies ticket to Mian Mithu". The Express Tribune. 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  20. ↑ "Allegations of forced conversion cost Mian Mitho party ticket". The Express Tribune. 2 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  21. ↑ "Imran Khan faces ire of Hindu community for asking Mian Mithu to join PTI". Pakistan Today. 5 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Mian Mithu – Pakistan's octogenarian politician marries for the second time". Daily Pakistan. 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-04-08. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  23. ↑ "UK sanctions Pak cleric known for forced conversions, marriages of minor Hindu girls". Siasat. 10 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  24. ↑ "Sindh Assembly passes bill against forced conversions". Dawn. 25 November 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-11-25. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  25. ↑ "Sindh government surrenders to religious hardliners on minority bill". The Express Tribune. 18 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  26. ↑ "Forced conversions: The bill that never became law". Herald. 12 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 "Mian Mithu, the extremist cleric whom Hindu families dread in Pakistan's Sindh". ThePrint. 17 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-09-20. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  28. ↑ "UK sanctions Pak cleric known for forced conversions, marriages of minor Hindu girls". The Statesman. 10 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  29. ↑ "Islamist influence growing in Pakistan, report says". Christian Daily. 21 August 2025. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  30. ↑ "State complicit in violence against all minorities: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan". Organiser. 4 April 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-04-04. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  31. ↑ A Culture of Hate Mongering (PDF) (Report). Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-04-04. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 "Communication to the Government of Pakistan". United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 27 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2025-06-24. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Rinkle Kumari Case (PDF) (Report). Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research (PILER). December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "'Forcibly converted' Hindu women choose to stay with husbands". The Hindu. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  35. ↑ "Hindu girl abduction,'forced' conversion spark protest in Pak". The Indian Express. 2 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  36. ↑ "Love jihad? Hindus in Pakistan ask 'where should we go', protest forced conversions". India Today. 12 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  37. ↑ "Rinkle effect on Pak Hindus?". The Times of India. 15 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  38. ↑ "Pak SC allows 3 Hindu women to decide their own future". The Times of India. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  39. ↑ "Pak SC allows 3 Hindu women to decide their own future". The Indian Express. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "IHC orders state to take Hindu sisters from Ghotki under protective custody". Daily Pakistan. 26 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-08-18. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Jacobabad girl's conversion case sent to court". Dawn. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-01-24. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Underage conversion case: Court sends Jacobabad girl to protection home". The Express Tribune. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 13-year-old Hindu girl Kavita is the latest victim of organised forced conversions in Sindh (PDF) (Report). Institute of Development Studies (IDS). March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-26. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Minor Hindu girl in Pakistan kidnapped, forcibly converted to Islam and married off to abductor". Zee News. 13 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-03-13. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Minor Hindu girl abducted and forcibly converted to Islam in Pakistan by Islamic cleric Mian Mithoo". Times Now. 14 May 2020. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  46. ↑ "Written questions and answers – Written questions, answers and statements – UK Parliament". UK Parliament. 11 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  47. ↑ "Written questions and answers – Written questions, answers and statements – UK Parliament". UK Parliament. 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-03-26. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 "Atrocities on minorities continue in Imran Khan's Pakistan, two Hindu girls kidnapped, forcibly converted to Islam". Zee News. 9 January 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-01-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "पाकिस्तान में चल रही धर्मांतरण की फैक्ट्री, जानें कैसे हिंदू लड़कियों को बनाया जा रहा है शिकार". TV9 Hindi. 1 January 2025. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 "PAK में चायनीज लड़की का जबरन धर्म परिवर्तन, जेसिका बनीं सायरा खातून… फिर चर्चा में आया मियां मिट्ठू". TV9 Hindi. 1 February 2025. Archived from the original on 2025-02-10. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  51. ↑ "PAK में चीनी लड़की का जबरन कन्वर्जन! जेसिका को बना दिया सायरा खातून, जानिए मियां मिट्ठू गैंग का खतरनाक सच". Panchjanya. 1 February 2025. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  52. ↑ "कौन है पाकिस्तान का मौलवी मियां मिट्ठू, जो पाक में हिंदू लड़कियों का जबरदस्ती करवाता है धर्म परिवर्तन". Times Now Hindi. 25 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  53. ↑ "पाकिस्तान में हिंदू लड़कियों का अपहरण और धर्म परिवर्तन कराता है मिट्ठू". Amar Ujala. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 "Netizens for arrest of anti-Hindu Pakistan riots mobster". The Quint. 16 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-09-21. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  55. ↑ "Mob runs riot in Ghotki after Hindu teacher booked for alleged blasphemy". The Express Tribune. 15 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  56. ↑ "Alleged blasphemy by Hindu principal leads to riots in Pakistan". The Times of India. 16 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  57. ↑ "Ghotki held hostage". Pakistan Today. 16 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "UK sanctions Pak cleric known for forced conversions, marriages of minor Hindu girls". Orissa POST. 11 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  59. ↑ "Britain rejects Bilawal's plea to consider Pakistan as emerging market". ANI News. 13 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  60. ↑ "World Sindhi Congress thanks UK for sanctions on Pak cleric accused of forced conversions". ThePrint. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  61. ↑ "World Sindhi Congress thanks UK for sanctions on Pak cleric accused of forced conversions". Eastern Eye. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  62. ↑ "World Sindhi Congress thanks UK for sanctions on Pak cleric accused of forced conversions". Lokmat Times. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Annual Report 2020: Pakistan (PDF) (Report). United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. April 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 Forced Conversions of Religious Minorities in Pakistan (Report). United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. December 2022. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 "Forced conversion charges: Being defamed by political rivals, says Pak cleric". The Times of India. 13 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  66. ↑ 'Forced conversion' a baseless hoax fabricated to malign the state and society (Report). Institute of Policy Studies. 12 September 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Civil societies in Pakistan invite "Conversion Factory" at anti-conversion seminar". Lokmat Times. 5 March 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 "Senate body rules forced conversions 'illegal'". Dawn. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2026-10-09. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
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