List of endemic mammals of India

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India is home to more than 40 endemic mammals.[1]

Most of India’s endemic mammals are restricted to specialized habitats such as the Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and isolated forest fragments.

Endemic mammals

Most endemic mammals are small or habitat‐specialist species that are rarely seen.[2]

Low vulnerability Threatened
Least concern
Near threatened
Vulnerable
Endangered

Order Primates: primates

Name Species authority Red List
Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
Lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
[3]
Bonnet macaque Macaca radiata
(É. Geoffroy, 1812)
[4]
Nilgiri langur Trachypithecus johnii
(Fischer, 1829)
[5]
Southern plains gray langur Semnopithecus dussumieri
(I. Geoffroy, 1843)
Black-footed gray langur Semnopithecus hypoleucos
(Blyth, 1841)
[6]

Order Rodentia: rodents

Name Species authority Red List
Family Muridae: mice and rats
Elvira rat Cremnomys elvira
(Ellerman, 1946)
[7]
Manipur bush rat Hadromys humei
(Thomas, 1886)
[8]
Kondana soft-furred rat Millardia kondana
(Mishra & Dhanda, 1975)
[9]
Servent mouse Mus famulus
(Bonhote, 1898)
[10]
Phillips's mouse Mus phillipsi
(Agrawal, 1977)
[11]
Flat-haired mouse Mus platythrix
(Bennett, 1832)
[12]
Nicobar rat Rattus burrus
(Miller, 1902)
[13]
Car Nicobar rat Rattus palmarum
(Zelebor, 1869)
Kerala rat Rattus ranjiniae
(Agrawal & Ghosal, 1969)
[14]
Sahyadris forest rat Rattus satarae
(Hinton, 1918)
[15]
Andaman rat Rattus stoicus
(Miller, 1902)
[16]
Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse Vandeleuria nilagiricus
(Jerdon, 1867)
Family Platacanthomyidae: spiny dormice
Malabar spiny dormouse Platacanthomys lasiurus
(Gray, 1842)
[17]
Family Sciuridae: squirrels
Jungle palm squirrel Funambulus tristriatus
(Waterhouse, 1837)
[18]
Nilgiri striped squirrel Funambulus sublineatus
(Waterhouse, 1837)
[19]
Indian giant squirrel Ratufa indica
(Erxleben, 1777)
[20]
Mechuka giant flying squirrel Petaurista mechukaensis
(Choudhury, 2009)
[21]
Mishmi giant flying squirrel Petaurista mishmiensis
(Choudhury, 2009)
[22]
Mebo giant flying squirrel Petaurista siangensis
(Choudhury, 2013)
Namdapha flying squirrel Biswamoyopterus biswasi
(Saha, 1981)
[23]

Order Scandentia: treeshrews

Name Species authority Red List
Family Tupaiidae: treeshrews
Madras treeshrew Anathana ellioti
(Waterhouse, 1838)
[24]
Nicobar treeshrew Tupaia nicobarica
(Miller, 1902)
[25]

Order Chiroptera: bats

Name Species authority Red List
Family Pteropodidae: fruit bats
Nicobar flying fox Pteropus faunulus
(Miller, 1902)
[26]
Family Hipposideridae: leaf-nosed bats
Nicobar leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros nicobarulae
(Miller, 1902)
[27]
Kolar leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros hypophyllus
(Kock & Bhat, 1994)
[28]
Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe bats
Andaman horseshoe bat Rhinolophus cognatus
(Andersen, 1906)
[29]
Family Miniopteridae: bent-winged bats
Srinivasulu’s bent-winged bat Miniopterus srinii
(Bhat et al., 2023)
Family Vespertilionidae: vesper bats
Meghalaya thick-thumbed bat Glischropus meghalayanus
(Borissov et al., 2022)

Order Eulipotyphla: shrews and hedgehogs

Name Species authority Red List
Family Soricidae: shrews
Narcondam shrew Crocidura narcondamica
(Prakasan et al., 2018)
Nicobar shrew Crocidura nicobarica
(Tyler, 1947)
[30]
Andaman shrew Crocidura andamanensis
(Miller, 1946)
Day's shrew Suncus dayi
(Dobson, 1888)
[31]
Andaman spiny shrew Crocidura hispida
(Thomas, 1913)
Jenkins's shrew Crocidura jenkinsi
(Chakraborty, 1978)
[32]
Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs
Madras hedgehog Paraechinus nudiventris
(Horsfield, 1851)
[33]

Order Carnivora: carnivorans

Name Species authority Red List
Family Felidae: cats
Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica
(Meyer, 1826)
[34]
Family Mustelidae: martens
Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii
(Horsfield, 1851)
[35]
Family Viverridae: civets
Brown palm civet Paradoxurus jerdoni
(Blanford, 1885)
[36]
Malabar civet Viverra civettina
(Blyth, 1862)
[37]

Order Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates

Name Species authority Red List
Family Bovidae: antelopes
Nilgiri tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius
(Ogilby, 1838)
[38]
Family Cervidae: deer
Kashmir stag Cervus hanglu hanglu
(Wagner, 1844)
[39]

Sub Order Suiformes: pigs

Name Species authority Red List
Family Suidae: pigs
Pygmy hog Porcula salvania
(Hodgson, 1847)
[40]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  2. ↑ Molur, S (2005). Status of South Asian Non-volant Small Mammals. Zoo Outreach Organisation & WII, India. ISBN 81-87663-13-5. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  3. ↑ "Macaca silenus (Lion-tailed Macaque) | IUCN Red List API". apistaging.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 2025-05-17.
  4. ↑ Kumar, Ajith; Kumara, H.N.; Singh, M (2015-11-21). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Macaca radiata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  5. ↑ Kumar, Ajith; Kumara, H.N.; Singh, M (2015-11-24). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Semnopithecus johnii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  6. ↑ Singh, M.; Nag, Chetan; Kumara, H. N.; Kumar, Ajith (22 November 2015). "Semnopithecus hypoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  7. ↑ Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust); Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-04-19). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Cremnomys elvira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  8. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9618/22410442#assessment-information. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust); Thomas Dando (Small Mammal Specialist Group) (2019-08-03). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Millardia kondana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  10. ↑ Pradhan, Malhar (2018-12-19). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mus famulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-10.
  11. ↑ Molur, S. & Nameer, P.O. (2008-06-30). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mus phillipsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-02-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mus platythrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  13. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus burrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 11 July 2016.
  14. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus ranjiniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  15. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus satarae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-01.
  16. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rattus stoicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  17. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Platacanthomys lasiurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  18. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Funambulus tristriatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 20 January 2016.
  19. ↑ Alexandra Ferguson (Small Mammal Specialist Group); Middleton, Kristina (2019-08-07). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Funambulus sublineatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  20. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-01-27). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Ratufa indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  21. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Petaurista mechukaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2013.
  22. ↑ Paige Engelbrektsson (IUCN SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group (intern)); Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust) (2013-06-30). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Petaurista mishmiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.
  23. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-08-02). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Biswamoyopterus biswasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  24. ↑ S., Molur (2016-01-29). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Anathana ellioti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  25. ↑ David Laginha Pinto Correia (SMSG volunteer); Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tupaia nicobarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  26. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)); Chelmala Srinivasulu (Osmania University, Hyderabad, India / GRA Western Ghats Workshop); Tigga Kingston (Texas Tech University); Susan Tsang (Department of Biology, City College of New York Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History) (2019-07-27). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pteropus faunulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-07.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hipposideros nicobarulae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. July 2020.
  28. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hipposideros hypophyllus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 14 December 2015.
  29. ↑ Chakravarty, R.; Aul, B. (14 December 2015). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rhinolophus cognatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  30. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Crocidura nicobarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  31. ↑ Sanjay Molur (ZOO (Eastern Himalayas)) (2016-07-11). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Suncus dayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  32. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Crocidura jenkinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 11 July 2016.
  33. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39594/22326706. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ "Panthera leo (Asiatic subpopulation)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  35. ↑ Mudappa, Divya; (Cat, Devcharan Jathana S. G.; Raman, T. R. Shankar (3 March 2015). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Martes gwatkinsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  36. ↑ Anwaruddin Choudhury (The Rhino Foundation); Mudappa, Divya; Punjabi, Girish (2015-03-03). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Paradoxurus jerdoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.
  37. ↑ "Viverra civettina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  38. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Nilgiritragus hylocrius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008.
  39. ↑ Sarah Brook (IUCN SSC Deer RLA - Old World Deer); Dewar Donnithorne-Tait (Cambridge World Wildlife Study Centre); Khursheed Ahmad (Winter Diversity of Birds in Makaibari Tea Estate, Kurseong, Darjeeling, India); Mukesh Thakur (Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India); Ranjitsinh, Maharaj Kumar (2016-12-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Cervus hanglu ssp. hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21172/44139115. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
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