Sind State

Sind State
ایالت سند (Persian)
سنڌ رياست (Sindhi)
Sind State; ایالت سند (Persian); سنڌ رياست (Sindhi)
1737–1843
	Left: Black Standard of the Kalhora dynasty; Right: Talpur standard captured at Miani (1843)
	Motto: مبارک باشد (Persian); "May it flourish";
Status	Vassal state of the Mughal, Persian and Afghan empires (1737–1809); Princely state under British protection (1809–1843);
Capital	Khudabad (1737–1740; 1755–1768); Muhammadabad (1740–1755); Hyderabad (1768–1843);
Common languages	Persian (official); Sindhi (regional and dynastic); Sindhi (dynastic); Saraiki (northern frontier); Rajasthani (eastern frontier)
Ethnic groups	Sindhi (majority); Baloch (dynastic); Saraiki (northern frontier); Rajasthani (eastern frontier);
Religion	Sunni Islam (official from 1737 to 1783), Shia Islam (official from 1783 to 1843), Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity
Demonym	Sindhi
Government	Unitary constituent monarchy (1737–1783); Federal constituent monarchy (1783–1843);
Nawab; (1737–1783)
• 1737–1755	Noor Mohammad Kalhoro (first)
• 1782–1783	Abdul Nabi Kalhoro (last)
Mir; (1783–1843)
• 1783–1801	Fateh Ali Talpur (first)
• 1839–1843	Nasir Khan Talpur (last)
Historical era	Early modern; Modern;
• Independence from Mughal Empire	1737
• Third Battle of Panipat	14 January 1761
• Transfer of power from Kalhoras to Talpurs	1783
• Alliance with the East India Company	1809
• Battle of Miani	17 February 1843
• Battle of Hyderabad	24 March 1843
Area
1801	45,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1801	1,100,000
Currency	Rupee
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	1737:; Mughal Sindh
	1740:; Khanate of Kalat
	Bahawalpur State
Sind Division
Khairpur State
Today part of	Pakistan Sindh; Balochistan; Punjab; ; India Rajasthan; Gujarat; ;

Sind State (1737–1843), also known as Scinde or Sindh, was a tributary state that evolved into a princely state in the Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent. The state seceded from the Mughal Empire in 1737 and was subsequently annexed by the East India Company in 1843. The name "Sind" (now obsolete) served as the anglicised designation for the state, which was later adopted by the British to refer to their administrative division of the region.

References

↑ Beasley, Edward (2016). The Chartist General Charles James Napier, The Conquest of Sind, and Imperial Liberalism. Taylor & Francis. p. 214. ISBN 9781315517285.

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[2] Beasley, Edward (2016). The Chartist General Charles James Napier, The Conquest of Sind, and Imperial Liberalism. Taylor & Francis. p. 214. ISBN 9781315517285.

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