Mashafi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Ghulam Ali Hamdani 1751 Amroha, Mughal Empire[1][2] (present-day India) |
| Died | 1844 (aged 93) Lucknow |
| Occupation | Urdu poet |
| Period | Mughal era |
| Genre | Ghazal |
| Subject | Love, philosophy |
Ghulam Ali Hamdani[lower-alpha 1] (1751–1844), commonly known by the takhallus Mashafi,[lower-alpha 2] was an Urdu ghazal poet.[3]
Works[edit | edit source]
Before his time, the language known as Hindi, Hindavi, Dehlavi, Dakhini, Lahori or Rekhta was commonly known as the Zaban-i-Ordu,[4] and commonly in local literature and speech, Lashkari Zaban or Lashkari.[5] Mashafi was the first person to simply shorten the later name to Urdu.[6] He migrated to Lucknow during the reign of Asaf-ud-Daula. According to one source, his ghazals are full of pathos.[7]
He wrote Tazkira E Hindi in Persian language which demonstrates his skill in that tongue.[8] He also wrote in Hindavi:
مصحفی فارسی کو طاق پہ رکھ
اب ہے اشعار ہندوی کا رواج[9]
Mashafi farsi ko taq pe rakh
Ab hai ashaar- e-Hindavi ka rivaj[10]
There are ten extant collections of his poems, but it is believed that he allowed others for a fee to publish his poems under their own authorship.[11] His personal life lacked discipline and his poetry reflects a level of sensuality.[12] He excelled in lyrics but also composed odes and romances.[13]
See also[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Petievich, Carla. "Rekhti: Impersonating the feminine in Urdu poetry." (2001): 75-90.
- ↑ Fatihi, A. R. "Semantic Space in Lesbian Lingo of REkhti."
- ↑ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and poetics. Princeton University Press. 26 August 2012. p. 1499. ISBN 978-0691154916.
- ↑ Maldonado Garcia, Maria Isabel. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.
- ↑ Alyssa Ayres (23 July 2009). Speaking Like a State: Language and Nationalism in Pakistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780521519311.
- ↑ P.V. Kate (1987). Marathwada Under the Nizams. Mittal Publications. p. 136. ISBN 9788170990178.
- ↑ Lucnow: the last phase of an oriental culture. Oxford University Press. 12 May 1994. p. 255. ISBN 9780195633757.
- ↑ "Tazkira-e-Hindi by Mushafi Ghulam Hamdani | Rekhta". 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ↑ "مصحفی غلام ہمدانی - شعر". Rekhta (in اردو). Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ↑ "A Historical Perspective of Urdu | National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language". 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ↑ Mujib Ashraf (1982). Muslim Attitudes towards British Rule…. University of Michigan. p. 203.
- ↑ Abdul Jamil Khan (2006). Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide. p. 189. ISBN 9780875864389.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Literature Vol.1. Philosophical Library. 1946. p. 570. ISBN 9780802215581.