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Medium-lift launch vehicle

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A medium-lift launch vehicle (MLV) is a rocket launch vehicle that is capable of lifting between 2,000 to 20,000 kg (4,400 to 44,100 lb) by NASA classification or between 5,000 to 20,000 kilograms (11,000 to 44,000 lb) by Russian classification[1] of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO).[2] An MLV is between small-lift launch vehicles and heavy-lift launch vehicles.

Clockwise from top-left: Falcon 9, Soyuz-2, PSLV, Nuri, H-IIA, Long March 2D
Class overview
Name: Medium-lift launch vehicle
Operators: Various space organizations
Preceded by: Small-lift launch vehicle
Succeeded by: Heavy-lift launch vehicle
Built: 1958–
Building: 7
Active: 23
Retired: 41
General characteristics
Propulsion: Various liquid-fueled engines and solid motors
Capacity:
  • 2–20 metric tons (NASA)
  • 5–20 metric tons (Russia)

Rated launch vehiclesEdit

OperationalEdit

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
LEO (kg) 		Mass to
other orbits (kg) 		Launches First Flight
Falcon 9 Block 5   United States SpaceX 17,400 reusable
22,800 expendable 		5,500 to GTO reusable
8,300 to GTO expendable
4,020 to Mars 		Template:Falcon rocket statistics 2018
Soyuz-2/Soyuz ST   Russia TsSKB-Progress 8,200 3,250 to GTO
4,400 to SSO 		162 2006[lower-alpha 1]
Long March 4B/4C   China SAST 4,200 1,500 to GTO
2,800 to SSO 		99 1999
Atlas V   United States United Launch Alliance 18,850 8,900 to GTO 97 2002
Zenit-3   Ukraine Yuzhmash 7,000 6,160 to GTO 84 1999
Long March 3B/E   China CALT 11,500 5,500 to GTO
6,900 to SSO 		79 2007
Long March 2D   China SAST 3,500 1,300 to SSO 78 1992
Long March 2C   China CALT 3,850 1,900 to SSO 71 1982
PSLV   India ISRO 3,800 1,200 to GTO
1,750 to SSO 		58 1993
H-IIA   Japan Mitsubishi 10,000-15,000 4,100-6,000 to GTO 46 2001
Long March 3A   China CALT 6,000 2,600 to GTO
5,000 to SSO 		27 1994
Long March 2F   China CALT 8,400 3,500 to GTO 20 1999
Long March 3C   China CALT 9,100 3,800 to GTO
6,500 to SSO 		18 2008
GSLV   India ISRO 5,000 2,700 to GTO 15 2010
Long March 7/7A   China CALT 13,500 5,500 to SSO
7,000 to GTO 		12 2016
Soyuz-2.1v   Russia TsSKB-Progress 2,800 1,400 to SSO 9 2013
LVM 3   India ISRO 10,000 4,000 to GTO 7 2017[lower-alpha 2]
Nuri   South Korea KARI 3,300 1,900 to SSO (700 km) 3 2022[lower-alpha 3]
Long March 8   China CALT 8,100 4,500 to SSO 2 2020
Angara 1.2   Russia Khrunichev 3,500[3] 2 2022[lower-alpha 2]
Zhuque-2   China LandSpace 6,000 4,000 to SSO (500 km) 2 2022
Vega-C   European Union Avio 2,200 to SSO (700 km)[4] 1 2022
H3   Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 7,900 to GTO
4,000 to SSO 		1 2023

Under developmentEdit

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
LEO (kg) 		Mass to
other orbits (kg) 		Expected Flight
Ariane 6 (A62)     France Arianespace 10,350 5,000 to GTO 2023
Irtysh   Russia Progress Rocket Space Centre 18,000 5,000 to GTO 2025
Long March 10A Template:China CALT 14,000 >2026
Unified Launch Vehicle   India Indian Space Research Organization 4,500-15000 1,500-6000 to GTO 2023
Neutron Template:NZ
  United States 		Rocket Lab 8,000 2024
MLV   United States Firefly Aerospace 14,000[5] 2025
Pallas-1 Template:China Galactic Energy 5,000 3,000 to SSO 2024

RetiredEdit

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
LEO (kg) 		Mass to
other orbits (kg) 		Launches First Flight Last Flight
Vostok Template:USSR RSC Energia 4,730 163 1958 1991
Saturn I   United States Chrysler & Douglas 9,000 10 1961 1965

long

Atlas-Centaur   United States Lockheed 5,100 61 1962 1983
Titan II GLV   United States Martin 3,580 12 1964 1966
Titan IIIC   United States Martin 13,100 3,000 to GTO
1,200 to TMI 		36 1965 1982
Molniya-M Template:USSR
  Russia 		TsSKB-Progress 2,400 280 1965 2010
Proton-K Template:USSR
  Russia 		Khrunichev 19,760 311 1965 2012
Soyuz original Template:USSR OKB-1 6,450 32 1966 1975
R-36 Tsyklon Template:USSR
  Ukraine 		Yuzhmash 2,820-5,250 (depends on variant)[6][7] 500-910 to GTO[8] 236 1967 2009
Soyuz-L Template:USSR OKB-1 5,500 3 1970 1971
Titan IIID   United States Martin 12,300 22 1971 1982
Soyuz-M Template:USSR OKB-1 6,600 8 1971 1976
Soyuz-U Template:USSR
  Russia 		TsSKB-Progress 6,900 786 1973 2017
Feng Bao 1   China Shanghai Bureau No.2 2,500 8 1973 1981
Long March 2A   China CALT 2,000 4 1974 1976
Titan IIIE   United States Martin Marietta 15,400 3,700 to TMI 7 1974 1977
Delta 3920–5920   United States Douglas 3,452–3,848 30 1980 1990
N-II[9]   Japan Mitsubishi 2,000 8 1981 1987
Soyuz-U2 Template:USSR TsSKB-Progress 7,050 72 1982 1995
Atlas G   United States Lockheed 5,900 7 1984 1989
Long March 3   China CALT 5,000 1,340 to GTO 14 1984 2000
Zenit-2 Template:USSR
  Ukraine 		Yuzhnoye 13,740 36 1985 2004
H-I   Japan Mitsubishi 3,200 1,100 to GTO 9 1986 1992
Long March 4A   China SAST 4,000 2 1988 1990
Ariane 4     France Aérospatiale 7,600 4,800 to GTO 116 1988 2003
Delta II   United States United Launch Alliance 6,100 2,170 to GTO
1,000 to HCO 		156 1989 2018
Atlas I, II, III   United States Lockheed 5,900–8,686 2,340–4,609 to GTO 80 1990 2005
Long March 2E   China CALT 9,200 7 1990 1995
H-II / IIS   Japan Mitsubishi 10,060 4,000 to GTO 7 1994 1999
Ariane 5     France Arianespace 16,000 6,950 to GTO 117 1996 2023
Long March 3B   China CALT 11,200 5,100 to GTO
5,700 to SSO 		12 1996 2012
Delta III   United States Boeing 8,290 3,810 to GTO 3 1998 2000
Dnepr   Ukraine Yuzhmash 4,500 2,300 to GTO
550 to TLI 		22 1999 2015
Soyuz-FG   Russia TsSKB-Progress 6,900 70 2001 2019
GSLV Mk.I   India ISRO 4,000 2,150 to GTO 6 2001 2010
H-IIB   Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 19,000 8,000 to GTO 9 2009 2020
Falcon 9 v1.0   United States SpaceX 10,450 4,540 to GTO 5 2010 2013
Antares 110–130   United States Orbital Sciences 5,100[10] 1,500 to SSO 5 2013 2014
Falcon 9 v1.1   United States SpaceX 13,150 4,850 to GTO 15 2013 2016
Falcon 9 Full Thrust

(before Block 5)

  United States SpaceX 15,600+[11] 7,075+[12] to GTO 63 2015 2018
Antares 230   United States Northrop Grumman 8,000[10] 3,000 to SSO 13 2016 2023
  1. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2004, without the upper stage.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014, without the upper stage.
  3. ↑ A flight in 2021 failed to reach orbit.

GalleryEdit

  • Launch of an Atlas B intercontinental ballistic missile

  • Launch of the first American crewed orbital space flight Atlas and Friendship 7

  • A Falcon 9 v1.0 launches with an uncrewed Dragon spacecraft, 2012

  • Falcon 9 booster tank at the SpaceX factory, 2008

  • Launch of GSLV Mk lll D2 with GSAT-29 from SHAR, India.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ Osipov, Yuri (2004–2017). Great Russian Encyclopedia. Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia.
  2. ↑ NASA Space Technology Roadmaps - Launch Propulsion Systems, p.11: "Small: 0-2t payloads, Medium: 2-20t payloads, Heavy: 20-50t payloads, Super Heavy: >50t payloads"
  3. ↑ "Angara Launch Vehicle Family". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "Vega C". Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  5. ↑ "Medium Launch Vehicle". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  6. ↑ "Tsiklon-2". Archived from the original on 27 December 2016.
  7. ↑ "Tsiklon-4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  8. ↑ "Tsyklon-4M (Cyclone-4M) prepares a move to Canada".
  9. ↑ "N-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Antares (Taurus-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  11. ↑ "SpaceX and Cape Canaveral Return to Action with First Operational Starlink Mission". NASASpaceFlight.com. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  12. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Telstar 19V (Telstar 19 Vantage)". Gunter's Space Page. Gunter. Retrieved 7 August 2018.

Further readingEdit

  • Mallove, Eugene F. and Matloff, Gregory L. The Starflight Handbook: A Pioneer's Guide to Interstellar Travel, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-61912-4.
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