Odisha: Difference between revisions

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}

| image_caption = ''Clockwise from top right:'' [[Puri Beach]], [[Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar|Mukteshvara Temple]], [[Bhitarkanika National Park]], [[Dhauli]], [[Chilika Lake]],[[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]], [[Rajarani Temple]], [[Mahanadi]], [[Hirakud Dam]], [[Khandadhar Falls (Sundargarh)]], [[Konark Sun Temple]]

| anthem = [[Bande Utkala Janani]] <br/>

(I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala!)

| before_was = [[Orissa Province|Province of Orissa]]

| formation_date4 = 1 April 1936 <br/>

(as a Province of [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]])

| population_total = 41,974,218

| GDP_footnotes = <ref name="MOSPI">{{cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/odisha-budget-analysis-2020-21|title=Odisha Budget analysis|date=18 February 2020|website=PRS India|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref>

| GDP_total = {{INRConvert|5.86|t|lk=r}}

| GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|127383|lk=r}}

| GDP_per_capita_rank = 26th

| HDI = 0.606<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab|website=globaldatalab.org|access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>

| literacy = 73.45%<ref name=CensusLiteracy>{{cite web |title=State of Literacy |website=[[Census of India]] |page=110 |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |access-date=5 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706191931/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

| literacy_year = 2011

| sex_ratio = 979[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019-2021)|url=https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14|website=Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India}}</ref>

| sexratio_year = 2011

| bird = [[Indian roller]]<ref name="The Times of India 2017">{{cite web | title=Palapitta: How a mindless dasara ritual is killing our state bird palapitta – Hyderabad News | website=The Times of India | date=29 September 2017 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/how-a-mindless-dasara-ritual-is-killing-our-state-bird-palapitta/articleshow/60872593.cms | access-date=7 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf |title=Blue Jay |publisher= Orissa Review |date= 2005}}</ref>

| fish = [[Tor tor|Mahanadi mahseer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20&%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref>

| flower = [[Saraca asoca|Ashoka]]<ref name="Orissareview"/>

| tree = [[Ficus religiosa|Sacred Fig]]<ref name="Orissareview">{{citation | url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf |title=Blue Jay |publisher= Orissa Review |page= 87 |date= 2005}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url=http://rprcbbsr.in/View/Downloads/Ficusreligiosa18_11_2014.pdf |title=Pipal(Ficus religiosa) – The State Tree of Odisha |publisher= RPRC |date= 2014}}</ref>

'''Odisha''' (<small>English</small>: {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|d|ɪ|s|ə}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Odisha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516220407/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Odisha |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 May 2021 |title=Odisha |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPA-or|oɽiˈsa|lang|Or-ଓଡ଼ିଶା.oga}}), formerly '''Orissa''' ({{IPAc-en|ɒ|ˈ|r|ɪ|s|ə|,_|ɔː|-|,_|oʊ|-}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |editor1-last=Roach |editor1-first=Peter |editor2-last=Hartmann |editor2-first=James |editor3-last=Setter |editor3-first=Jane |year=2003 |orig-year=1917 |title=English Pronouncing Dictionary |publisher=Cambridge University Press |place=Cambridge |isbn=3-12-539683-2}}</ref> [[List of renamed places in India|the official name until 2011]]), is an [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] located in [[East India|Eastern India]]. It is the [[List of states and union territories of India by area|8th largest state by area]], and the [[List of states and union territories of India by population|11th largest by population]]. The state has the third largest population of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&PL=1|title=ST & SC Development, Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare Department:: Government of Odisha|website=stscodisha.gov.in|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901131912/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&PL=1|archive-date=1 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> It neighbours the states of [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]] to the north, [[Chhattisgarh]] to the west, and [[Andhra Pradesh]] to the south. Odisha has a [[coastline]] of {{convert|485|km}} along the [[Bay of Bengal]] in Indian Ocean.<ref name="CoastalSecurity">{{cite web |title=Coastal security |publisher=[[Odisha Police]] |url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/163 |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206043803/http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node%2F163 |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The region is also known as '''Utkala''' and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, "[[Jana Gana Mana]]".<ref name="NationalAnthem">{{cite web|title=The National Anthem of India|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/txt_janaganamana.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124230152/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/txt_janaganamana.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=24 January 2012|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> The language of Odisha is [[Odia language|Odia]], which is one of the [[Languages of India#Classical|Classical Languages of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/cabinet-approved-odia-as-classical-language-1392954604-1|title=Cabinet approved Odia as Classical Language|date=21 February 2014}}</ref>

The ancient kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], which was invaded by the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] Emperor [[Ashoka]] (which was again won back from them by King [[Kharavela]]) in 261 BCE resulting in the [[Kalinga War]], coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha.<ref name=GovHistory>{{cite web|title=Detail History of Orissa|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|publisher=[[Government of Odisha]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|archive-date=12 November 2006}}</ref> The modern boundaries of Odisha were demarcated by the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian]] government when [[Orissa Province]] was established on 1 April 1936, consisting of the Odia-speaking districts of [[Bihar and Orissa Province]].<ref name=GovHistory /> The first of April is celebrated as [[Odisha Day|Utkala Dibasa/Odisha Day]].<ref name=FlavoursOfOdisha>{{cite news|title=Utkala Dibasa hails colours, flavours of Odisha|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|access-date=1 February 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708211533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cuttack]] was made the capital of the region by [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] in {{circa|1135}},<ref name="Chakraborty1985">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Chakraborty|title=National Integration in Historical Perspective: A Cultural Regeneration in Eastern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17|access-date=30 November 2012|year=1985|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=17–|id=GGKEY:CNFHULBK119|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515095045/http://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17|archive-date=15 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1948. Thereafter, [[Bhubaneswar]] became the capital of Odisha.<ref name="Kalia1994">{{cite book|author=Ravi Kalia|title=Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23|access-date=2 February 2015|year=1994|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-1876-6|page=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, the English rendering of {{Lang-or|ଓଡ଼ିଶା|label=none}} was changed from "Orissa" to "Odisha", and the name of its language from "Oriya" to "Odia", by the passage of the ''Orissa (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2010'' and the ''Constitution (113th Amendment) Bill, 2010'' in the [[Indian Parliament|Parliament]]. The Hindi rendering {{Lang-hi|उड़ीसा|label=none}} ({{transl|hi|ISO|uṛīsā}}) was also modified to {{Lang-hi|ओड़िशा|label=none}} ({{transl|hi|ISO|or̥iśā}}). After a brief debate, the lower house, [[Lok Sabha]], passed the bill and amendment on 9 November 2010.<ref name=AmidClashBillPass>{{cite news|title=Amid clash, House passes Bills to rename Orissa, its language|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amid-clash-house-passes-bills-to-rename-orissa-its-language/article876145.ece|access-date=2 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amid-clash-house-passes-bills-to-rename-orissa-its-language/article876145.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 March 2011, [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of [[Parliament]], also passed the bill and the amendment.<ref name=ChangeOrissaName>{{cite news|title=Parliament passes bill to change Orissa's name|url=http://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=24 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203144151/http://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027|archive-date=3 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The changes in spelling were made with the intention of having the English and Hindi renditions conform to the Odia transliteration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Orissa wants to change its name to Odisha|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/10orissa.htm|access-date=23 June 2020|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=10 June 2008}}</ref> However, the underlying Odia texts were nevertheless transliterated incorrectly as per the [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian system]], the official national transliteration standard, in which the transliterations would be {{transl|or|hunterian|Orisha}} and {{transl|or|hunterian|Oria}} instead.

Prehistoric [[Acheulian]] tools dating to [[Lower Paleolithic]] era have been discovered in various places in the region, implying an early settlement by humans.<ref name=Ghosh2012>{{cite book|title=An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology|year=1990|publisher=BRILL|page=24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wba-EZhZcfgC&q=Acheulian%20orissa&pg=PA25|author=Amalananda Ghosh|isbn=9004092641|access-date=29 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wba-EZhZcfgC&lpg=PA25&ots=zRfcBno4vb&dq=Acheulian%20orissa&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=Acheulian%20orissa&f=false|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kalinga has been mentioned in ancient texts like ''[[Mahabharata]]'', ''[[Vayu Purana]]'' and ''Mahagovinda Suttanta''.<ref name=sonofvaruna>{{cite book|title=An Introduction to Epic Philosophy: Epic Period, History, Literature, Pantheon, Philosophy, Traditions, and Mythology, Volume 3|year=2004|publisher=Genesis Publishing|page=784|isbn=9788177558814|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwHj-Z-dMcsC&q=Srutayudha&pg=PA784|editor=Subodh Kapoor|access-date=10 November 2012|quote=Finally Srutayudha, a valiant hero, was son Varuna and of the river Parnasa.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=uwHj-Z-dMcsC&lpg=PA784&dq=Srutayudha&pg=PA784#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="vayu">{{cite book|title=Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna|year=1946|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Pub.|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&q=bali%20sudesna&pg=PA46|author=Devendrakumar Rajaram Patil|isbn=9788120820852|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&lpg=PA46&dq=bali%20sudesna&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=bali%20sudesna&f=false|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Orissa famine of 1866]] caused an estimated 1 million deaths.<ref name="Dando2012">{{cite book|author=William A. Dando|title=Food and Famine in the 21st Century &#91;2 volumes&#93;|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4cat-5-NeIC&pg=RA1-PA47|access-date=3 February 2015|date=13 February 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-731-4|page=47|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=R4cat-5-NeIC&pg=RA1-PA47|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, large-scale [[irrigation]] projects were undertaken.<ref name="SamalNayak1996">{{cite book|author1=J. K. Samal|author2=Pradip Kumar Nayak|title=Makers of Modern Orissa: Contributions of Some Leading Personalities of Orissa in the 2nd Half of the 19th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ewpJNpCLJgC&pg=PA32|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-322-9|page=32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ewpJNpCLJgC&pg=PA32|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>  In 1903, the [[Utkal Sammilani]] organisation was founded to demand the unification of [[Odia language|Odia]]-speaking regions into one state.<ref name="PADHY2011">{{cite book|author=K.S. Padhy|title=Indian Political Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZVopB0GNPQC&pg=PA287|access-date=3 February 2015|date=30 July 2011|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-203-4305-4|page=287|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=sZVopB0GNPQC&pg=PA287|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 April 1912, the [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] was formed.<ref name="Jha2003">{{cite book|author=Usha Jha|title=Land, Labour, and Power: Agrarian Crisis and the State in Bihar (1937–52)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHAMkZGI_OoC&pg=PA246|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Aakar Books|isbn=978-81-87879-07-7|page=246|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=lHAMkZGI_OoC&pg=PA246|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 April 1936, [[Bihar]] and Orissa were split into separate provinces.<ref name="Devi1992">{{cite book|author=Bandita Devi|title=Some Aspects of British Administration in Orissa, 1912–1936|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&pg=PA214|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 January 1992|publisher=Academic Foundation|isbn=978-81-7188-072-0|page=214|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&pg=PA214|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The new [[Orissa Province|province of Orissa]] came into existence on a linguistic basis during the British rule in India, with Sir John Austen Hubback as the first governor.<ref name="Devi1992" /><ref name=Hubback>{{cite news|title=Hubback's memoirs: First Governor Of State Reserved Tone Of Mild Contempt For Indians|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101129/jsp/orissa/story_13234116.jsp|access-date=3 February 2015|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=29 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204200041/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101129/jsp/orissa/story_13234116.jsp|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following [[India's independence]], on 15 August 1947, 27 [[princely state]]s signed the document to join Orissa.<ref name="Krishna2007">{{cite book|author=B. Krishna|title=India's Bismarck, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sLr7z6gNcV0C&pg=PA243|access-date=3 February 2015|year=2007|publisher=Indus Source|isbn=978-81-88569-14-4|pages=243–244|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=sLr7z6gNcV0C&pg=PA243|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the [[Orissa Tributary States]], a group of princely states, acceded to Orissa in 1948, after the collapse of the [[Eastern States Union]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merger of the Princely States of Odisha – History of Odisha|url=https://www.historyofodisha.in/merger-of-the-princely-states-of-odisha/|language=en-US|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>

Odisha lies between the latitudes 17.780N and 22.730N, and between longitudes 81.37E and 87.53E. The state has an area of 155,707&nbsp;km², which is 4.87% of total area of India, and a coastline of 450&nbsp;km.<ref name=GeographyKnowIndia>{{cite web|title=Geography of Odisha|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81|website=Know India|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204220248/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In the eastern part of the state lies the coastal plain. It extends from the [[Subarnarekha River]] in the north to the [[Rushikulya]] River in the south. The lake [[Chilika]] is part of the coastal plains. The plains are rich in fertile [[silt]] deposited by the six major rivers flowing into the [[Bay of Bengal]]: [[Subarnarekha river|Subarnarekha]], [[Budhabalanga]], [[Baitarani]], [[Brahmani River|Brahmani]], [[Mahanadi]] and [[Rushikulya]].<ref name=GeographyKnowIndia /> The [[Central Rice Research Institute]] (CRRI), a [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]-recognised rice [[gene bank]] and research institute, is situated on the banks of Mahanadi in [[Cuttack]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuttack |url=http://odisha.gov.in/ |publisher=[[Government of Odisha]] |access-date=6 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206115854/http://odisha.gov.in//portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&vchplinkid=PL066&vchslinkid=SL050 |archive-date=6 December 2012 }}</ref> The stretch between Puri and Bhadrak in Odisha juts out a little into the sea, making it vulnerable to any cyclonic activity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Alakananda |last2=Priyadarshini |first2=Subhra |title=Why Odisha is a sitting duck for extreme cyclones |journal=Nature India |date=29 May 2019 |doi=10.1038/nindia.2019.69 |doi-broken-date=31 December 2022 |url=https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2019.69}}</ref>

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[[Simlipal National Park]] is a protected wildlife area and tiger reserve spread over 2,750&nbsp;km² of the northern part of [[Mayurbhanj district]]. It has 1078 species of plants, including 94 orchids. The [[sal tree]] is the primary tree species there. The park has 55 mammals, including [[barking deer]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[common langur]], [[four-horned antelope]], [[Indian bison]], [[Indian elephant]], [[Indian giant squirrel]], [[Indian leopard]], [[jungle cat]], [[sambar deer]], and [[wild boar]]. There are 304 species of birds in the park, such as the [[common hill myna]], [[Indian grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], [[Indian pied hornbill]] and [[Malabar pied hornbill]]. It also has 60 species of reptiles, notable among which are the [[king cobra]], [[banded krait]], and [[tricarinate hill turtle]]. There is also a [[mugger crocodile]] breeding program in nearby Ramtirtha.<ref name=WWFSimilipal>{{cite web|title=Similipal Tiger Reserve|url=http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/|website=[[World Wide Fund for Nature]], India|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205152048/http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary]] is a 190&nbsp;km² protected area near the capital city, Bhubaneswar. However, urban expansion and over-grazing have reduced the forests and are driving herds of elephants to migration. In 2002, there were about 80 elephants. But by 2012, their numbers had been reduced to 20. Many of the animals have migrated toward the Barbara reserve forest, Chilika, [[Nayagarh district]], and [[Athagad]]. Some elephants have died in conflicts with villagers, while some have died during migration from being electrocuted by power lines or hit by trains. Outside the protected area, they are killed by [[poacher]]s.<ref name=ElephantBanished>{{cite news|title=Banished from their homes|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]]|date=29 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904034144/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html|archive-date=4 September 2012}}</ref><ref name=ElephantWipeout>{{cite news|title=Away from home, Chandaka elephants face a wipeout|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 August 2013|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205151829/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Besides elephants, the sanctuary also has [[Indian leopard]]s, [[jungle cat]]s and [[chital]]s.<ref name="Negi1993">{{cite book|author=Sharad Singh Negi|title=Biodiversity and Its Conservation in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&pg=PA242|access-date=5 February 2015|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-85182-88-9|page=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&pg=PA242|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Bhitarkanika National Park]] in [[Kendrapara district]] covers 650&nbsp;km², of which 150&nbsp;km² are mangroves. The [[Gahirmatha Beach]] in Bhitarkanika is the world's largest nesting site for [[olive ridley sea turtle]]s.<ref name="Salagrama2006">{{cite book|author=Venkatesh Salagrama|title=Trends in Poverty and Livelihoods in Coastal Fishing Communities of Orissa State, India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&pg=PA16|access-date=5 February 2015|year=2006|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-105566-3|pages=16–17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&pg=PA16|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013 the Indian coast guard started [[Operation Oliver]] to protect the endangered sea turtle population of the region.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/coast-guard-launches-operation-oliver/article5392444.ece Coast Guard launches ‘Operation Oliver’]</ref> Other major nesting grounds for the turtle in the state are [[Rushikulya]], in [[Ganjam district]],<ref name=Olive2>{{cite news|title=Olive Ridley turtles begin mass nesting|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164643/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the mouth of the [[Devi river]].<ref name=Olive3>{{cite news|title=Mass nesting of Olive Ridleys begins at Rushikulya beach|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bhitarkanika sanctuary is also noted for its large population of [[salt-water crocodile]]s.<ref name=CrocCensus>{{cite news|title=Bhitarkanika Park to be Closed for Crocodile Census|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In winter, the sanctuary is also visited by migratory birds. Among the species of birds spotted in the sanctuary are the [[black-crowned night heron]], [[darter]], [[grey heron]], [[Indian cormorant]], [[Oriental white ibis]], [[purple heron]], and [[sarus crane]].<ref name=BirdCount>{{cite news|title=Bird Count Rises in Bhitarkanika|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=14 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162754/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The possibly endangered [[horseshoe crab]] is also found in this region.<ref name=horseshoe>{{cite news|title=Concern over dwindling horseshoe crab population|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The main parties active in the politics of Odisha are the [[Biju Janata Dal]], the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Following the [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha State Assembly Election in 2019]], the [[Naveen Patnaik]]-led [[Biju Janata Dal]] stayed in power for the sixth consecutive term, he is the 14th chief minister of odisha since 2000.<ref name=BJDLandslide />

Other municipalities of Odisha include [[Angul]], [[Balangir]], [[Balasore]], [[Barbil]], [[Bargarh]], [[Baripada]], [[Belpahar]], [[Bhadrak]], [[Bhawanipatna]], [[Biramitrapur]], [[Boudh]], [[Brajarajnagar]], [[Byasanagar]], [[Chhatrapur]], [[Debagarh|Deogarh]], [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]], [[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur]], [[Gunupur]], [[Hinjilicut]], [[Jagatsinghpur]], [[Jajpur]], [[Jeypore]], [[Jharsuguda]], [[Joda]], [[Kendrapara]], [[Kendujhar]], [[Khordha]], [[Konark]], [[Koraput]], [[Malkangiri]], [[Nabarangpur]], [[Nayagarh]], [[Nuapada]], [[Paradeep]], [[Paralakhemundi]], [[Phulbani]], [[Puri]], [[Rajgangpur]], [[Rayagada]], [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]], [[Sundargarh]], [[Talcher]], [[Titilagarh]] and [[Umerkote]].

Auxiliary authorities known as [[panchayat]]s, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs in rural areas.

Arcelor-Mittal has also announced plans to invest in another mega steel project amounting to $10&nbsp;billion. Russian major [[Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works|Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company (MMK)]] plans to set up a 10 MT steel plant in Odisha, too. [[Bandhabahal]] is a major area of open cast coal mines in Odisha. The state is attracting an unprecedented amount of investment in aluminium, coal-based power plants, petrochemicals, and information technology as well. In power generation, [[Reliance Power]] (Anil Ambani Group) is putting up the world's largest power plant with an investment of US$13&nbsp;billion at Hirma in [[Jharsuguda district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-reliance-to-invest-rs-60000-cr-for-orissa-power-plant-1042928|title=Reliance to invest Rs 60,000-cr for Orissa power plant|work=dna|date=21 July 2006|access-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903141606/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-reliance-to-invest-rs-60000-cr-for-orissa-power-plant-1042928|archive-date=3 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2009 Odisha was the second top domestic investment destination with [[Gujarat]] first and [[Andhra Pradesh]] in third place according to an analysis of [[ASSOCHAM]] Investment Meter (AIM) study on corporate investments. Odisha's share was 12.6 percent in total investment in the country. It received an investment proposal worth {{INRConvert|2.01|t|year=2010}} in 2010. Steel and power were among the sectors which attracted maximum investments in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2303 |title=Gujarat, Odisha and Andhra top 3 Domestic Investment Destinations of 2009 |publisher=Assocham |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723170222/http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2303 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

Odisha has a network of roads, railways, airports and seaports. [[Bhubaneswar]] is well connected by air, rail and road with the rest of India. Some highways are getting expanded to four lanes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.odishalinks.com/Odishagrowth/topics/tnc-all/roads-and-highways-infrastructure-in-Odisha/national-highways/nh-42 |title=NH 42 |publisher=Odishalinks.com |date=16 June 2004 |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125170225/http://www.orissalinks.com/orissagrowth/topics/tnc-all/roads-and-highways-infrastructure-in-orissa/national-highways/nh-42 |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Plans for metro rail connecting Bhubaneshwar and Cuttack, a journey of 30&nbsp;km, have also started.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Odisha-plans-metro-signs-contract-for-detailed-project-report-preparation/articleshow/40781576.cms|title=Odisha plans metro, signs contract for detailed project report preparation|work=The Times of India|access-date=16 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831124032/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Odisha-plans-metro-signs-contract-for-detailed-project-report-preparation/articleshow/40781576.cms|archive-date=31 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Odisha Government Plans Mega Metro Rail Project to Connect Puri and Bhubaneswar <ref> https://enewsinsight.com/puri-bhubaneswar-mega-metro-rail-project-soon </ref> Get ready to board Vande Metro to Puri from Lingaraj road station <ref> https://www.google.com/m.timesofindia.com/city/bhubaneswar/get-ready-to-board-vande-metro-to-puri-from-lingaraj-road-station/amp_articleshow/97593964.cms

</ref>

Odisha has a total of three operational airports, 16 airstrips and 16 helipads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html|title=Ten-year roadmap for State's civil aviation|work=The Pioneer|location=India|year=2012|quote=at present there are 17 airstrips and 16 helipads in Odisha,|access-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530180524/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html|archive-date=30 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015115504/http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2014|title=10-year roadmap set up to boost Odisha civil aviation|work=odishanow.in|year=2012|quote=Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads.|access-date=5 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html|title=Odisha initiate steps for intra and inter state aviation facilities|work=news.webindia123.com|year=2012|quote=Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads|access-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113150837/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html|archive-date=13 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The airport at Jharsuguda was upgraded to a full-fledged domestic airport in May 2018.Rourkela airport became operational in December 2022.The government of Odisha also plans five greenfield airports at [[Angul]], [[Dhamra]], [[Kalinganagar]], [[Paradeep]] and [[Rayagada]] in an effort to boost intrastate and inter-state civil aviation. Existing aerodromes at [[Barbil]], [[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur]], [[Jharsuguda]] and [[Rourkela]] were also to be upgraded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/odisha-plans-five-new-airports/article3771546.ece|title=Odisha plans five new airports|work=[[Business Line]]|date=14 August 2012|access-date=14 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103100632/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/odisha-plans-five-new-airports/article3771546.ece|archive-date=3 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The Dhamra Port Company Limited plans to build [[Dhamra Airport]] 20&nbsp;km from [[Dhamra Port]].<ref name="TOI9">{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/adani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra/articleshow/66603746.cms |title= Adani Group plans airport at Dhamra |work=[[Times of India]] |date= 13 November 2018|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>

Odisha has a coastline of 485 Kilometers. It has one major port at Paradip and few minor ports. some of them are:<ref name="Division p. 701">{{cite book | last=Division | first=P. | title=INDIA 2019: A REFERENCE ANNUAL | publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting | isbn=978-81-230-3026-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZaSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT701 | access-date=16 July 2019 | page=701}}</ref><ref name="India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha 2012 p.">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha | title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report | publisher=Council of States Secretariat | issue=v. 227, nos. 18–20 | year=2012 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFyjP-0VEc8C | access-date=16 July 2019 }}</ref>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,03,02,917|13=1911|14=1,13,78,875|15=1921|16=1,11,58,586|17=1931|18=1,24,91,056|19=1941|20=1,37,67,988|21=1951|22=1,46,45,946|23=1961|24=1,75,48,846|25=1971|26=2,19,44,615|27=1981|28=2,63,70,271|29=1991|30=3,16,59,736|31=2001|32=3,68,04,660|33=2011|34=4,19,74,218|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

The proportion of people living below the poverty line in 2004–2005 was 57.15% which was nearly double the Indian average of 26.10%. Since 2005 the state has reduced poverty rate dramatically by 24.6 percentage points. According to current estimate proportion of people living under poverty line was 32.6%<ref name="World Bank 2016">{{cite web |title=India States Briefs – Odisha |publisher=World Bank |date=31 May 2016 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/brief/india-states-briefs-odisha |access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Pragativadi:NITI Aayog report 2017">{{cite web |title=NITI Aayog report: Odisha tops in poverty reduction rate among other states |website=Pragativadi: Leading Odia Dailly |date=30 July 2017 |url=http://www.pragativadi.com/niti-aayog-report-odisha-tops-poverty-reduction-rate-among-states/ |access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref>

Data of 1996–2001 showed the life expectancy in the state was 61.64 years, higher than the national value of years. The state has a [[birth rate]] of 23.2 per 1,000 people per year, a [[mortality rate|death rate]] of 9.1 per 1,000 people per year, an infant mortality rate of 65 per 1000 live birth and a maternal mortality rate of 358 per 1,000,000 live births. Odisha has a [[Human Development Index]] of 0.606 as of 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/IND/?levels=1+4&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|access-date=31 March 2021|website=globaldatalab.org}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto;"

! !! District !! Headquarters !! Population<br />(2011) !! Males !! Females !! Percentage<br />decadal<br />growth<br />2001–2011 !! Sex ratio !! Density<br />(persons<br />per<br />km²) !! Child<br />population<br />0–6 years !! Child<br />sex<br />ratio !! Literacy rate

|align="left"|1||[[Angul District|Angul]]||[[Angul]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1271703}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|654898}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|616805}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|11.55}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|942}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|199}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|145690}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|884}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|78.96}}

|align="centre"|2||[[Balangir District|Balangir]]||[[Balangir]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1648574}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|831349}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|817225}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|23.29}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|983}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|251}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|206964}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|951}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|65.50}}

|align="centre"|3||[[Balasore District|Balasore]]||[[Balasore|Baleswar]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|2317419}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1184371}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1133048}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|14.47}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|957}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|609}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|274432}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|941}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|80.66}}

|align="centre"|4||[[Bargarh District|Bargarh]]||[[Bargarh]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1478833}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|748332}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|730501}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|9.84}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|976}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|253}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|156185}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|946}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|75.16}}

|align="centre"|5||[[Bhadrak District|Bhadrak]]||[[Bhadrak]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1506522}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|760591}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|745931}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|12.95}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|981}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|601}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|176793}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|931}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|83.25}}

|align="centre"|6||[[Boudh District|Boudh]]||[[Boudh]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|439917}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|220993}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|218924}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|17.82}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|991}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|142}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|59094}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|975}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|72.51}}

|align="centre"|7||[[Cuttack District|Cuttack]]||[[Cuttack]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|2618708}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1339153}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1279555}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|11.87}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|955}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|666}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|251152}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|913}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|84.20}}

|align="centre"|8||[[Debagarh District|Debagarh]]||[[Debagarh]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|312164}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|158017}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|154147}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|13.88}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|976}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|106}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|38621}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|917}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|73.07}}

|align="centre"|9||[[Dhenkanal District|Dhenkanal]]||[[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1192948}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|612597}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|580351}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|11.82}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|947}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|268}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|132647}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|870}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|79.41}}

|align="centre"|10||[[Gajapati District|Gajapati]]||[[Paralakhemundi]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|575880}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|282041}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|293839}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|10.99}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1042}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|133}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|82777}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|964}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|54.29}}

|align="centre"|11||[[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]||[[Chhatrapur]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|3520151}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1777324}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1742827}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|11.37}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|981}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|429}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|397920}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|899}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|71.88}}

|align="centre"|12||[[Jagatsinghpur District|Jagatsinghpur]]||[[Jagatsinghpur]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1136604}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|577699}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|558905}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|7.44}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|967}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|681}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|103517}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|929}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|87.13}}

|align="centre"|13||[[Jajpur District|Jajpur]]||[[Jajpur]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1826275}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|926058}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|900217}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|12.43}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|972}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|630}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|207310}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|921}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|80.44}}

|align="centre"|14||[[Jharsuguda District|Jharsuguda]]||[[Jharsuguda]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|579499}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|297014}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|282485}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|12.56}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|951}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|274}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|61823}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|938}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|78.36}}

|align="centre"|15||[[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]||[[Bhawanipatna]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1573054}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|785179}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|787875}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|17.79}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1003}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|199}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|214111}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|947}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|60.22}}

|align="centre"|16||[[Kandhamal District|Kandhamal]]||[[Phulbani]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|731952}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|359401}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|372551}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|12.92}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1037}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|91}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|106379}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|960}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|65.12}}

|align="centre"|17||[[Kendrapara District|Kendrapara]]||[[Kendrapara]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1439891}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|717695}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|722196}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|10.59}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1006}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|545}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|153443}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|921}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|85.93}}

|align="centre"|18||[[Kendujhar District|Kendujhar]]||[[Kendujhar]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1802777}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|907135}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|895642}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|15.42}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|987}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|217}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|253418}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|957}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|69.00}}

|align="centre"|19||[[Khordha District|Khordha]]||[[Khordha]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|2246341}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1166949}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1079392}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|19.65}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|925}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|799}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|222275}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|910}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|87.51}}

|align="centre"|20||[[Koraput District|Koraput]]||[[Koraput]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1376934}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|677864}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|699070}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|16.63}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1031}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|156}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|215518}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|970}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|49.87}}

|align="centre"|21||[[Malkangiri District|Malkangiri]]||[[Malkangiri]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|612727}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|303913}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|308814}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|21.53}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1016}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|106}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|105636}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|979}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|49.49}}

|align="centre"|22||[[Mayurbhanj District|Mayurbhanj]]||[[Baripada]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|2513895}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1253633}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1260262}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|13.06}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1005}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|241}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|337757}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|952}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|63.98}}

|align="centre"|23||[[Nabarangapur District|Nabarangapur]]||[[Nabarangpur]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1218762}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|604046}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|614716}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|18.81}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1018}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|230}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|201901}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|988}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|48.20}}

|align="centre"|24||[[Nayagarh District|Nayagarh]]||[[Nayagarh]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|962215}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|502194}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|460021}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|11.30}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|916}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|247}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|101337}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|851}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|79.17}}

|align="centre"|25||[[Nuapada District|Nuapada]]||[[Nuapada]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|606490}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|300307}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|306183}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|14.28}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1020}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|157}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|84893}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|971}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|58.20}}

|align="centre"|26||[[Puri District|Puri]]||[[Puri]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1697983}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|865209}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|832774}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|13.00}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|963}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|488}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|164388}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|924}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|85.37}}

|align="centre"|27||[[Rayagada District|Rayagada]]||[[Rayagada]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|961959}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|469672}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|492287}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|15.74}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1048}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|136}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|141167}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|955}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|50.88}}

|align="centre"|28||[[Sambalpur District|Sambalpur]]||[[Sambalpur]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1044410}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|529424}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|514986}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|12.24}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|973}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|158}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|112946}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|931}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|76.91}}

|align="centre"|29||[[Subarnapur District|Subarnapur]]||[[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|652107}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|332897}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|319210}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|20.35}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|959}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|279}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|76536}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|947}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|74.42}}

|align="centre"|30||[[Sundargarh District|Sundergarh]]||[[Sundergarh]]||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|2080664}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1055723}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|1024941}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|13.66}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|971}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|214}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|249020}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|937}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{nts|74.13}}

|label2 = [[Christianity in Odisha|Christianity]] |value2 = 2.77 |color2 = White

|label6 = [[Buddhism]] |value6 = 0.03 |color6 = Blue

The majority (almost 94%<ref name="census2011-religion">{{cite web|title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>) of people in Odisha are Hindu and there is also a rich cultural heritage in the state. For example, Odisha is home to several Hindu figures. [[Bhima Bhoi|Sant Bhima Bhoi]] was a leader of the [[Mahima Dharma|Mahima sect]]. [[Sarala Das]], a Hindu [[Khandayat]], was the translator of the epic [[Mahabharata]] into Odia. Chaitanya Das was a [[Vaishnavism|Buddhistic-Vaishnava]] and writer of the ''Nirguna Mahatmya''. [[Jayadeva]] was the author of the ''[[Gita Govinda]]''.

[[Odia language|Odia]] is the official language of Odisha<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawodisha.gov.in/pages/viewYearActOrdinances/1954|title=:: Law Department (Government of Odisha) ::|website=lawodisha.gov.in|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302165024/http://lawodisha.gov.in/pages/viewYearActOrdinances/1954|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is spoken by 81.32% of the population according to the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census of India]].<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|website=Census of India 2011 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> It is also one of the [[Languages of India#Classical languages of India|classical languages of India]]. English is the official language of correspondence between state and the union of India.  Spoken Odia is not homogeneous as one can find different dialects spoken across the state. Some of the major dialects found inside the state are [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]], Cuttacki, Puri, [[Baleswari Odia|Baleswari]], [[Ganjami Odia|Ganjami]], [[Desia language|Desiya]], [[Kalahandia Odia|Kalahandia]] and [[Phulbani Odia|Phulbani]]. The standard language is based on the Cuttacki dialect. In addition to Odia, significant population of people speaking other major Indian languages like [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] are also found in the state, mainly in cities.<ref name=LSI-Orissa>{{cite book|last=Mahapatra|first=B. P.|title=Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa|year=2002|publisher=Language Division, Office of the Registrar General|location=Kolkata, India|pages=13–14|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/ling_Orissa.html|access-date=20 February 2014|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113153328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/ling_Orissa.html|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

The different ''[[Adivasi|adibasi]]'' communities who mostly reside in western and southern Odisha have their own languages belonging to [[Munda languages|Munda]] and [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] family of languages. Some of these major ''adibasi'' languages are [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Kui language (India)|Kui]], [[Mundari language|Mundari]] and [[Ho language|Ho]]. Due to increasing contact with outsiders, migration and socioeconomic reasons many of these indigenous languages are slowly getting extinct or are on the verge of getting extinct.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Atlas of languages in danger {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/|access-date=19 October 2019|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>

The Odisha Sahitya Academy Award was established in 1957 to actively develop Odia language and literature. The Odisha government launched a portal in 2018 to promote Odia language and literature.<ref>[https://ova.gov.in/en Odia vartual academy]</ref>

The "Odisha [[Rasgulla|Rasagola]]" was awarded a GI tag 29 July 2019 after a long battle about the origin of the famous sweet with West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/odisha-rasagola-receives-gi-tag-two-years-after-west-bengal/story/368775.html|title=Odisha Rasagola receives geographical indication tag; here's what it means|website=www.businesstoday.in|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref>

#[[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Suffian|first=Mohammad|date=16 February 2021|title=Odisha CM Lays Foundation of India's Largest Hockey Stadium named after 'Birsa Munda' In Rourkela|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/hockey/story/odisha-cm-lays-foundation-of-india-s-largest-hockey-stadium-named-after-birsa-munda-in-rourkela-1769860-2021-02-16}}</ref>

There are some High Performance Centres in the state as well which have been set up at Kalinga Stadium for the development of respective sports in Odisha. Some of the HPCs are as follows:  

* [[Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre]] (ONTHHPC) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://kalingatv.com/state/naval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital/ |title=Naval Tata Hockey Academy Inaugurated In Odisha Capital |website=Kalinga TV |access-date= 13 August 2019}}</ref>

*[[Sports Authority of India|SAI]] Regional Badminton Academy<ref>{{Cite web|author=Minati Singha|date=15 May 2017|title=Odisha-SAI Regional Badminton Academy inaugurated in Bhubaneswar {{!}} Bhubaneswar News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar/articleshow/58686446.cms|access-date=30 May 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

*[[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] High Performance Centre<ref>{{Cite web|title=High Performance Centre deal a big boost for Odisha and AIFF {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/odisha-aiff-high-performance-centre-big-boost/1cwe57j3pqvvu14c7f7q7a8r0d|access-date=7 June 2021|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>

[[Daringbadi]] is a hill station in the [[Kandhamal district]]. It is known as "Kashmir of Odisha", for its climatic similarity. Chandipur, in [[Baleswar district]] is a calm and serene site, is mostly unexplored by tourists. The unique specialty of this beach is the ebb tides that recede up to 4&nbsp;km and tend to disappear rhythmically.

The share of foreign tourists’ arrival in the state is below one percent of total foreign tourist arrivals at all India level.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/pc/Download/Economic_Survey_2014-15.pdf |title=Odisha – Economic Survey 2014–15  |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215005858/http://www.odisha.gov.in/pc/Download/Economic_Survey_2014-15.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

* {{official}}