→Revolutionary activities
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{{short description|Indian independence leader}} | {{short description|Indian independence leader INA leader}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
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{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Rash Behari Bose | | name = Rash Behari Bose | ||
| birth_date | | birth_date = {{birth date|1886|5|25|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> | ||
| birth_place = Village | | birth_place = Village - Subaldaha, [[British India]] (now: Dist - [[Purba Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]) (native village)<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book |last=Bose|first=Bejon Behari|title=Karmabir Rash Behari|language=bn|date=1959|publisher=Ila Bose|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book |last1=Sengupta|first1=Subodhchandra|last2=Bose|first2=Anjali|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan|date=1976|location=Calcutta|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad|page=486}}</ref> | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|1|21|1886|5|25|df=y}} | |||
| death_date | | death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan|Japan]] | ||
| death_place | |||
| image = Rash Behari Bose 02.jpg | | image = Rash Behari Bose 02.jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
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| nationality = [[British Indian|Indian]] | | nationality = [[British Indian|Indian]] | ||
| citizenship = [[British India]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death) | | citizenship = [[British India]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death) | ||
| organisation = [[Jugantar]],[[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]] | | organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]] | ||
|relatives | | relatives = Kali Charan Bose (paternal grandfather)<br/>Nabin Chandra Singha (maternal grandfather)<br/>Benode Behari Bose (father)<br/>Bhubaneswari Debi (mother)<br/>Sushila Debi (Sister)<br/>Bejon Behari Bose (brother) | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Anushilan Samiti}} | {{Anushilan Samiti}} | ||
'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio|Rasbihar Bose.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-bn|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], founded Japanese branch of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] and became president of it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html}}</ref> and later the [[Indian National Army]]. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. | '''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio|Rasbihar Bose.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-bn|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], founded Japanese branch of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] and became president of it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html}}</ref> and later the [[Indian National Army]]. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] later. | ||
==Birth and Ancestry== | ==Birth and Ancestry== | ||
Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sahai|first=Krishna N.|title=Ambasth Kayastha |year=2001|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher|page=5|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi debi. | Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sahai|first=Krishna N.|title=Ambasth Kayastha |year=2001|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher|page=5|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (presently [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]).<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi debi. | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
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==Revolutionary activities== | ==Revolutionary activities== | ||
{{Main|Delhi conspiracy case|Gadar Conspiracy}} | {{Main|Delhi conspiracy case|Gadar Conspiracy}} | ||
He was interested in revolutionary activities from early on in his life, he left Bengal to shun the [[Alipore bomb case]] trials of (1908). At [[Dehradun]] he worked as a head clerk at the [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]]. There, through [[Amarendra Chatterjee]] of the [[Jugantar]] led by [[Jatin Mukherjee]] (Bagha Jatin), he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of [[Bengal]] and he came across eminent revolutionary members of the [[Arya Samaj]] in the United Provinces (currently [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and the [[Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Uma Mukherjee|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166|year=1966|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n115 101]}}</ref> | He was interested in revolutionary activities from early on in his life, he left Bengal to shun the [[Alipore bomb case]] trials of (1908). At [[Dehradun]] he worked as a head clerk at the [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]]. There, through [[Amarendra Chatterjee]] of the [[Jugantar]] led by [[Jatin Mukherjee]] (Bagha Jatin), he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of [[Bengal]] and he came across eminent revolutionary members of the [[Arya Samaj]] in the United Provinces (currently [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and the [[Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Uma Mukherjee|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166|year=1966|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n115 101]}}</ref> | ||
[[File: An assassination attempt on Lord Charles Hardinge.jpg|thumb|left|1912 assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge]] | [[File: An assassination attempt on Lord Charles Hardinge.jpg|thumb|left|1912 assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge]] | ||
Following the attempt [[Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy|to assassinate Lord Hardinge]], Rash Behari was forced to go into hiding. The attempt was made on 23 December 1912 in Delhi when [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]] was in a ceremonial procession transferring the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi. He was attacked near the Red Fort by [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]] a disciple of Amrendar Chatterjee, but missed the target | Following the attempt [[Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy|to assassinate Lord Hardinge]], Rash Behari was forced to go into hiding. The attempt was made on 23 December 1912 in Delhi when [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]] was in a ceremonial procession transferring the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi. He was attacked near the Red Fort by [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]], a disciple of Amrendar Chatterjee, but missed the target. The bomb was made by [[Manindra Nath Nayak]]. Bose was hunted by the colonial police due to his active participation in the failed assassination attempt directed at the [[Governor General]] and [[Viceroy]] Lord [[Charles Hardinge]] in [[Delhi]]. He returned to Dehradun by the night train and joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. Further, he organized a meeting of loyal citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy. | ||
Lord Hardinge, in his ''My Indian Years'', described the whole incident in an interesting way. During the flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, he came in contact with [[Jatin Mukherjee]] in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Rash Behari's failing zeal.<ref>{{cite book|author=Uma Mukherjee|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166|year=1966|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n133 119]}}</ref> Thus during [[World War I]] he became extensively involved as one of the leading figures of the [[Gadar Conspiracy|Gadar Revolution]] that attempted to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of the [[Gadar Conspiracy|Gadar]] leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Rash Behari managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in 1915. | Lord Hardinge, in his ''My Indian Years'', described the whole incident in an interesting way. During the flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, he came in contact with [[Jatin Mukherjee]] in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Rash Behari's failing zeal.<ref>{{cite book|author=Uma Mukherjee|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166|year=1966|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n133 119]}}</ref> Thus during [[World War I]] he became extensively involved as one of the leading figures of the [[Gadar Conspiracy|Gadar Revolution]] that attempted to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of the [[Gadar Conspiracy|Gadar]] leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Rash Behari managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in 1915. | ||