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2023 Israel–Hamas war

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On 7 October 2023, Palestinian militant groups, mainly Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, with other groups such as the socialist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, launched a major attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip with a rocket barrage, and vehicle-transported attacks across the border on Israeli communities and forces. The attack was not expected by Israel, and achieved complete surprise.

October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict
Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict
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Clockwise from top: Israeli casualties during Operation Al-Aqsa Flood, Palestinians celebrating the capture of an Israeli tank, Rocket impact on a car in Rishon LeZion
Date7 October 2023 – present
Location
Israel and Gaza Strip, Palestine
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

 Palestine

 Israel
Commanders and leaders
Mohammed Al-Daif
Abu Obaida		 Isaac Herzog
Benjamin Netanyahu
Yoav Galant
Herzi Halevi
Kobi Shabtai
Units involved
Al-Qassam Brigades[3]
File:Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg Al-Quds Brigades
File:PFLP Infobox Flag.svg Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades
National Resistance Brigades		 Israel Defense Forces
Israel Police
Strength
1,000[4]
Casualties and losses
198 Palestinians killed,
1,610 injured[5]		 100+ Israelis killed,
908 injured,[6]
53 captured[7][better source needed]
17 Nepalis captured by Hamas, 7 Nepalis injured[8]

In total, at least 2,200 rockets were fired from Gaza, causing hundreds of Israeli casualties and prompting the government of Israel to declare a state of emergency and war.[9][10][11] The rocket attacks were accompanied by militant infiltrations into kibbutzim surrounding Gaza and the Israeli city of Sderot,[12] with both Palestinian and Israeli media reporting that Israeli soldiers and civilians had been taken hostage.[13]

The Palestinian militant groups dubbed their military action Operation Al-Aqsa Flood (Arabic: عملية طوفان الاقصى‎),[14] and Israel named their counteraction Operation Swords of Iron (Hebrew: מבצע חרבות ברזל‎).[15]

Background

See also: Gaza–Israel conflict

The Gaza Strip and Israel have been in conflict since the Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in 2005 and Hamas gaining control of the Gaza Strip after elections in 2006 and a civil war with Fatah in 2007.[16] The Gaza Strip has been under an Israeli and Egyptian blockade since 2007.[17]

The attack followed three weeks of violence at the Israel–Gaza separation fence. Hamas and Israel had recently negotiated a truce, mediated by Qatar, Egypt, and the United Nations on 29 September.[18] Prior to the attack and including combatants and civilians on both sides, at least 247 Palestinians had been killed by Israeli forces in 2023, while 32 Israelis and two foreign nationals had been killed in Palestinian attacks.[19][20]

The attack took place during the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah and Shabbat,[21] and a day after the 50th anniversary of the Yom Kippur War, which also began with a surprise attack.

Israel and Saudi Arabia are conducting negotiations to normalize relations, with Saudi crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman recently stating that normalization was "for the first time, real".[22] Saudi Arabia's Foreign Ministry said in a statement that it had "repeatedly warned that Israel's ongoing occupation of Gaza would propel further violence."[23]

The commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, Mohammed Deif, said that the attack was in response to "desecration of the Al-Aqsa Mosque," and called on Palestinians and Arab Israelis to "expel the occupiers and demolish the walls".[24][25] Hamas leader Saleh al-Arouri said the operation was a response "to the crimes of the occupation", adding that fighters were defending the Al-Aqsa Mosque and thousands of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel.[26]

Attack

At around 06:30 local time on 7 October 2023,[19] Hamas announced the start of what it called "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood", stating that it had fired over 5,000 rockets from the Gaza Strip into Israel within a span of 20 minutes. Israeli media reported that at least 2,200 projectiles had been launched from Gaza. At least five people were killed by the rocket attacks.[4][10][27] Explosions were reported in areas surrounding the Strip and in cities in the Sharon Plain including Gedera, Herzliyya,[12] Tel Aviv and Ashkelon.[27] Air raid sirens were also activated in Beer Sheva, Jerusalem, Rehovot, Rishon Lezion, and Palmachim Airbase.[28][29][30] Hamas issued a call to arms, with senior military commander Mohammad Deif calling on "Muslims everywhere to launch an attack".[10] Palestinian militants also opened fire on Israeli boats off the Gaza Strip, while clashes broke out between Palestinians and the IDF in the eastern section of the Gaza perimeter fence.[28]

Simultaneously, around 1,000[4] Palestinian militants infiltrated Israel from Gaza using trucks, pickup trucks, motorcycles, bulldozers and paragliders.[26][19][22] Images and videos appeared to show heavily armed and masked militants dressed in black fatigue riding pickup trucks[27][30] and opening fire in Sderot, killing several Israeli civilians and soldiers. A video from Gaza showed the dead body of an Israeli soldier being trampled on by a crowd shouting "God is Great".[31] Other videos appeared to show Israelis taken prisoner and a burning Israeli tank,[32][10] as well as militants driving Israeli military vehicles.[27] Militants were also reported to have opened fire at an outdoor nature festival.[21] Infiltrators were also spotted at Be'eri and Netiv HaAsara, where they reportedly took hostages[33] and set fire to homes,[12] as well as in kibbutzim around the Gaza Strip.[12] Fighting was reported at Re'im military base.[34] Hostages were also reported to have been taken in Ofakim, while homes in Sderot were set on fire.[35]

An Israeli military spokesman stated that the militants from Gaza had entered Israel through at least seven locations[26] and invaded four small rural Israeli communities, the border city of Sderot, and two military bases from both land and sea.[22] Israeli media reported that seven communities came under Hamas control, including Nahal Oz, Kfar Aza, Magen, and Sufa Beheri.[18] The police station of Sderot was reported to have come under Hamas control,[28] as was the Erez crossing, enabling the militants to enter Israel from Gaza.[4] Israeli Police Commissioner Kobi Shabtai said that there were currently 21 active high-confrontation locations in southern Israel.[36]

Response

The attack, which coincided with the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah, appeared to have surprised many Israelis.[29]

The Iron Dome air defense system was activated.[28] Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant conducted security assessments at Israel Defense Forces (IDF) headquarters in Tel Aviv.[30][27] The IDF declared a "state of readiness for war" and said that it attacked targets in Gaza using fighter jets,[4] reportedly hitting 17 Hamas military compounds.[27] Gallant later approved the mobilisation of army reservists[19] and declared a state of emergency in a radius of 80 kilometers from the Gaza border.[18] He also said that Hamas "made a grave mistake" in launching its attack and pledged that "Israel will win".[26] The IDF said that reservists were to be deployed not only in Gaza but also in the West Bank and along the borders with Lebanon and Syria.[37] Residents in areas around the Gaza Strip were asked to stay inside, while civilians in southern and central Israel were "required to stay next to shelters".[27] Roads around the Gaza Strip were closed by the IDF.[26] The streets of Tel Aviv were also locked down.[27]

Following the assault, Israel declared a heightened state of preparedness for potential conflict.[38] The IDF declared a state of readiness for war, and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu convened an emergency gathering of security authorities. The IDF additionally reported their initiation of targeted actions in the Gaza Strip under what it called "Operation Iron Swords".[39][4] On the day of the attack, Israeli forces reported hitting 17 Hamas military compounds and four operational command centres in Gaza with airstrikes.[18] Israeli Police Commissioner Kobi Shabtai announced that a "state of war" existed, following what he called "a massive attack from the Gaza Strip".[40] He also announced the closure of the entire southern region of Israel for "civilian movement" as well as the deployment of the Yamam counterterrorism unit to the area.[36]

Israeli President Isaac Herzog said the country was facing "a very difficult moment", and offered strength and encouragement to the IDF, other security forces, rescue services and residents who were under attack.[30] In a televised broadcast, Prime Minister Netanyahu stated: "We are at war."[22] He also said that the IDF would reinforce its border deployments to deter others from 'making the mistake of joining this war'.[41]

Airports in southern in central Israel were closed to commercial and private use, while Ben Gurion Airport remained operational.[42] Lufthansa reduced its flights to just one from Tel Aviv to Frankfurt and cancelled other scheduled services on 7 October.[43]

Casualties

Israel

Israel's Magen David Adom (MDA) initially reported that at least one woman was killed while 16 other people were injured from rocket strikes,[27] two of them critically.[30] Authorities later said that at least 40 people[19] had been killed while 740 others were injured,[27] Ambulance teams were dispatched to the areas surrounding the Gaza Strip in response to the assault.[39] with 77 of them in critical condition.[26] At least one civilian death was reported in Kfar Aviv, while three people were reportedly injured in Ashkelon and Yavne.[30] At least four people were reported killed in Kuseife.[4] The head of the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council, Ofir Libstein [he], was also killed in an exchange of fire with the militants.[44] At least 68 casualties were reported in Ashkelon,[27] while 280 others were reported in Beer Sheva, 60 of which were in a serious condition.[26]

Hamas claimed it had taken 35 Israelis prisoner and transported them to the Gaza Strip.[12] It also claimed to have captured Israeli major general Nimrod Aloni [ar; he]; a picture was released with Aloni and two militants with their faces obscured.[45] Videos from Gaza appeared to show captured people, with Gazan residents cheering trucks carrying dead bodies.[22] An MDA ambulance was also reportedly taken by the militants to Gaza.[30] The Nepali ambassador to Israel, Kanta Rijal, said at least seven of its nationals in the country were injured in the attack, and that they along with ten others were held captive by Hamas at an agricultural farm in Alumim.[8][34]

Palestine

Following Israel's airstrikes in response, the Palestinian Health Ministry in Gaza reported an unspecified number of injuries among "many citizens". It later said 198 Palestinians had been killed and 1,610 others were injured.[26][22] Yousef Abu al-Rish, the top Palestinian health official in Gaza, stated that most casualties were from firefights inside Israel.[22] Reporters for the Associated Press in the Gaza Strip saw funerals being held for 15 victims and eight other bodies in hospitals.[26] At least one person was reported to have been killed in an airstrike on the Indonesian Hospital in northern Gaza.[46] Four Palestinians were killed and five others were wounded in clashes with the IDF along Gaza’s perimeter fence.[4] Five Palestinian militants were reported to have been killed in Sderot.[35]

Reactions

Israel

The protest group Kaplan Force announced the cancellation of its demonstration against the judicial reform planned on 7 October in Tel Aviv. The group expressed support for the IDF, stating that they were standing by "the IDF and the security forces carrying out their duties during this difficult time and hope for the restoration of calm and security". Forum 555 and Brothers in Arms,[47] a protest group of reservist soldiers that organized boycotts of the military draft in protest against the judicial reform, called on reservists to serve if they were called up.[21]

Former prime minister and Leader of the Opposition Yair Lapid, National Unity chairman Benny Gantz, Yisrael Beiteinu Party leader Avigdor Liberman and Labor Party leader Merav Michaeli issued a joint statement expressing full backing for the IDF and unity with the government, saying: "In times like these, there is no opposition and coalition in Israel."[48]

Israeli rescue services appealed for blood donations.[26] The Israeli Education Ministry announced the closure of all schools in the country on 7 October.[4]

Palestine

The Palestinian Education Ministry said schools in the Gaza Strip were closed until further notice.[28] The Palestinian Health Ministry appealed for blood donations.[26]

At an emergency meeting with officials of the Palestinian Authority, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said that Palestinians had the right to defend themselves against the "terror of settlers and occupation troops".[49] In the West Bank, celebrations occurred in Ramallah.[4]

International

Expressed support to Israel

  • Albania: Prime Minister Edi Rama and Foreign Minister Igli Hasani expressed strong condemnation of the attack and expressed solidarity with the victims, their families and all of Israel.[50][51]
  • Argentina: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship stated that it "deplores" the "terrorist actions of Hamas against Israeli territory", further expressing solidarity with the Israeli people and sending condolences to those affected.[52]
  • Australia: Minister for Foreign Affairs Penny Wong said that "Australia unequivocally condemns the attacks on Israel by Hamas including indiscriminate rocket fire on cities & civilians."[53] Australian Ambassador to Israel Ralph King added that it "strongly" condemned the "deadly rocket attacks on, and terrorist infiltration into, Israel from Gaza", and that "Israel has the right to defend itself against such aggression."[54]
  • Brazil: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that as president of the United Nations Security Council, Brazil would call an emergency meeting of the body, and that it condemned the "ground attacks" that occurred in Israel from the Gaza Strip", further expressing condolences with the Israeli people.[55]
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina: Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina Borjana Krišto condemned the attacks as "unjust and brutal" and expressed support for Israel.[56]
  • Croatia: Prime Minister Andrej Plenković condemned the attacks referring to them as "terrorist acts against civilians" and expressed solidarity with Israel.[57] Foreign Minister Gordan Grlić-Radman also condemned the attack and expressed solidarity with Israel.[58]
  • Cyprus: The Cypriot embassy in Israel condemned the attacks and stated that Cyprus stood with Israel.[59]
  • Czech Republic: Prime Minister Petr Fiala condemned the attack, stating his thoughts were "with the innocent victims of the violence" and wishing "our friends in Israel the swiftest possible handling of the situation and the fulfilment of their ambitions to live in peace and security."[60]
  • Denmark: Minister of Foreign Affairs Lars Løkke Rasmussen strongly condemned the attack against Israel, adding that his "thoughts are with the victims, their families and all of Israel".[61]
  • France: President Emmanuel Macron strongly condemned the attack and expressed his "full solidarity with the victims, their families and loved ones."[62] The French embassy in Israel condemned the attacks and described Hamas' actions as "inadmissible terrorist attacks".[63]
  • Germany: Chancellor Olaf Scholz said he was deeply shocked by the "horrifying news" of "rocket fire from Gaza and the escalating violence". He also said that Germany condemned Hamas' attack and would stand by Israel."[64]
  • Hungary: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán strongly condemned the attack against Israel, and stated that he unequivocally supported Israel’s right to self-defence. He also expressed his "sympathy and condolences to Prime Minister Netanyahu", adding that "our thoughts and prayers are with the people of Israel in these dark hours".[65]
  • India: Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the Indian government condemned the "terrorist attacks on Israel", adding that "we stand in solidarity with Israel at this difficult hour".[66]
  • Italy: Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Tajani said the government condemned in the strongest terms the attacks on Israel; saying that "people's lives, the security of the region and the resumption of any political process are at risk." He also urged Hamas to "immediately stop this barbaric violence" and said that Italy supports "Israel's right to exist and defend itself".[67]
  • Netherlands: Prime Minister Mark Rutte said he spoke with Prime Minister Netanyahu about the attack by Hamas on Israel and "told him that the Netherlands unequivocally condemns this terrorist violence and fully supports Israel’s right to defend itself".[68]
  • Norway: Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre strongly condemned the attack against Israeli civilians, calling the situation "unprecedented". He said that "Israel has the right to defend itself against military attack" and that "it is important that the violence does not escalate".[69]
  • Poland: Foreign Minister Zbigniew Rau condemned "in the strongest terms the ongoing attacks by Hamas against Israel".[70]
  • Serbia: President Aleksandar Vučić expressed his support to Israel and condemned the attack.[71]
  • Singapore: A spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying that the country strongly condemned "the rocket and terror attacks from Gaza on Israel, which have resulted in deaths and injuries of many innocent civilians."[72]
  • Slovakia: Defence Minister Martin Sklenár condemned the Hamas attacks in the "strongest terms" and supported Israel's right to self-defense.[73]
  • Spain: Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez strongly condemned what he called terrorism and demanded the immediate cessation of indiscriminate violence against the civilian population, likewise affirming Spain's standing committment to regional stability.[74]
  • Sweden: Minister for Foreign Affairs Tobias Billström condemned the attack against Israel, and said the government stands in solidarity with all civilians hurt by the attackers.[75]
  • Ukraine: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said Ukraine strongly condemned the "terrorist attacks" against Israel, including rocket attacks against the civilian population in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. It also expressed its "support for Israel in its right to defend itself and its people."[76]
  • United Kingdom: Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said he was shocked by Hamas attacks against Israeli citizens. He added that "Israel has an absolute right to defend itself" and said UK officials were "in contact with Israeli authorities," and advised British nationals in Israel to "follow travel advice."[77] Opposition leader Keir Starmer also condemned the attacks and support Israels right to defend itself.[78]
  • United States: Acting ambassador to Israel, Stephanie Hallett said she was "sickened by the images coming out of southern Israel of dead and wounded civilians at the hands of terrorists from Gaza". She affirmed that the United States stood with Israel,[79] and said that the US government fully supported "Israel's right to defend itself from such terrorist acts".[80] The White House issued a statement saying the United States "unequivocally condemns the unprovoked attacks by Hamas terrorists against Israeli civilians".[81] Embassy staff were reported to be sheltering in place.[82]

Expressed support to Palestinian groups

  • Iran: Yahya Rahim Safavi, an adviser to the supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, congratulated the Palestinian fighters, and stated that Iran would "stand by the Palestinian fighters", until the "liberation of Palestine and Jerusalem". During a session of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, legislators rose from their seats chanting “Death to Israel” and "Palestine is victorious, Israel will be destroyed”.[83]
  • Qatar: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying that Israel alone was responsible for the ongoing escalation of violence with the Palestinian people.[84]

Expressed restraint

  • Egypt: The Foreign Ministry warned of "severe dangers" and encouraged de-escalation.[85]
  • Malta called on the United Nations Security Council to hold a meeting regarding the conflict.[4]
  • Oman: The Foreign Ministry issued a statement urging both parties to "exercise utmost levels of restraint, stressing the importance of protecting civilians." State media added the Omani government was "following with concern the ongoing escalation between the Palestinian and Israeli sides as a result of continued illegal Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories, constant Israeli aggressions, which portend serious repercussions".[84]
  • Saudi Arabia: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement calling for an "immediate halt" to the "escalation" in Israel and Gaza.[86] It added they were "closely following developments in the unprecedented situation between a number of Palestinian factions and the Israeli occupation forces, which has resulted in a high level of violence taking place on a number of fronts there” and reiterated “its repeated warnings [to Israel] of the dangers of the explosion of the situation as a result of the continued occupation, and deprivation of the Palestinian people of their legitimate rights, and the repetition of systematic provocations against its sanctities".[87][88]
  • Turkey: At a congress for his ruling AK Party in Ankara, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called on Israelis and Palestinians to act with restraint and refrain from hostile acts that could exacerbate the situation.[89]
  • Russia: issued a statement urging restraint, with Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov saying they were in contact with both sides.[90]
  • United Arab Emirates: The Foreign Ministry called for an immediate ceasefire.[91]

International organizations

Other groups

  • Hezbollah congratulated Hamas and praised the attack as a response to "Israeli crimes", adding that the militants had "divine backing". The group also said its leadership in Lebanon was in contact with Hamas about the operation.[26]
  • Houthi movement: the Ansarullah Political Bureau, stated that "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood revealed the weakness, fragility, and impotence of the temporary Zionist entity while showing the strength and effectiveness of the resistance in Palestine and its ability to strike the Israeli depth".[96] It also confirmed that the Yemenis stand with the Palestinians and resistance movements explaining that they are ready to participate in the battle to defend Palestine and the nation’s sanctities against the usurping Zionist entity.[96]

Analysis

The attack signified a notable escalation in the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas. It stood out for its substantial scale and reach, encompassing both rocket fire and border attacks in Gaza. This event marked a significant departure from prior conflicts, which typically followed a phased progression with a gradual escalation of tensions.[97]

Political journalist Peter Beaumont described the attack as "an intelligence failure for the ages", given the Israeli government's failure to detect it prior.[98]

See also

References

  1. ↑ PFLP (7 October 2023). "صادر عن كتائب الشهيد أبو علي مصطفى الجناح العسكري للجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين".
  2. ↑ "الحرية – بيان عسكري صادر عن كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) استشهاد ثلاثة من مقاتلينا داخل اراضينا المحتلة عام 48". Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing'". Roya News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 "Israel-Palestine escalation live news: Hamas starts Operation Al-Aqsa Flood". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  5. ↑ "Hamas surprise attack out of Gaza Strip stuns Israel and leaves dozens dead in fighting, retaliation". AP News. 7 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "100 killed in huge Hamas assault, 900 injured; many hostages said taken to Gaza; PM: Israel at war". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  7. ↑ "Israel: At least 40 dead, 800 wounded, dozens taken by Hamas". i24news.tv. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "At least 7 Nepali injured, 17 held captive by Hamas in Israel". India Today. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Live updates: Militants infiltrate Israel from Gaza as Hamas claims major rocket attack". Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  11. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (7 October 2023). "IDF declares 'state of readiness for war' amid Hamas infiltrations, rocket barrages". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Ynet (7 October 2023). "Netanyahu: 'We are at war'". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  13. ↑ Israeli family kidnapped to Gaza, "Russia Now" in arabic, October 7th, 2023
  14. ↑ Pacchiani, Gianluca (7 October 2023). "Hamas claims to fire 5,000 rockets at Israel, declares 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood'". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  15. ↑ "Hamas announces 'Al-Aqsa Storm,' claims to have fired 5,000 rockets". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Timeline of conflict between Israel and Palestinians in Gaza". Reuters. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  17. ↑ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (4 October 2023). "Gaza unrest shows economic misery under Israeli blockade". Reuters. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Bayer, Lili; Ho, Vivian; Fulton, Adam; Ho, Lili Bayer (now); Vivian; Fulton (earlier), Adam (7 October 2023). "Israel declares state of war after Hamas fires thousands of rockets and 'militants cross border' – live". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 "Palestinian fighters reported in Israel as rockets launched from Gaza". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  20. ↑ "Palestinian killed in clashes with Israelis in West Bank". France 24. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Estrin, Daniel (7 October 2023). "In surprise deadly attacks, Israel says Palestinian militants infiltrated from Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 "Gaza and Israel in 'War Mode' After Militants Launch Surprise Assaults". New York Times. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  23. ↑ Kingsley, Patrick; Kershner, Isabel (7 October 2023). "Israel-Gaza Conflict: Gaza and Israel on War Footing After Militants Launch Surprise Assaults". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023 – via NYTimes.com.
  24. ↑ "Hamas commander says attacks are in defense of Al-Aqsa, claims 5,000 missiles fired". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  25. ↑ חלבי, עינב (7 October 2023). "מוחמד דף על מתקפת הרקטות: ישראל חיללה את אל-אקצא, קורא לערביי ישראל להצטרף". Ynet (in עברית). Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  26. ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (7 October 2023). "Hamas militant group has started a war that 'Israel will win,' defense minister says". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  27. ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 Gritten, David (7 October 2023). "Strikes on Gaza after Palestinian militants enter Israel". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 "Israeli army declares 'state of readiness' for war". Anadolu Ajansi. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Barrages of rockets fired from Gaza as Hamas launches unprecedented operation against Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 "Militants enter Israel from Gaza after woman killed in rocket barrage". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  31. ↑ "شاهد| مقاتلون فلسطينييون يعودون إلى قطاع غزة بعد توغلهم في مناطق الحدود". YouTube. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  32. ↑ "Hamas militant group launches unprecedented operation against Israel with rockets and infiltration". Associated Press. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  33. ↑ "Militants infiltrate Israel from Gaza as Hamas claims major rocket attack". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "At least 7 Nepali injured, 17 held captive by Hamas in Israel: Nepal's envoy". ANI. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "In pictures: Scenes of war and chaos after Hamas launch surprise attack on Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Missiles strike southern & central Israel; police declare state of war". Jordan News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023.
  37. ↑ "Army says it is fighting Gaza militants who entered Israel by land, sea and air". Al Arabiya. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  38. ↑ "Netanyahu says 'we are at war' after major Hamas attack". The Washington Post. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Hamas launches surprise attack as gunmen enter Israel". Reuters. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  40. ↑ "Missiles strike southern & central Israel; police declare state of war". JordanNews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  41. ↑ "https://twitter.com/netanyahu/status/1710622311760413115". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 7 October 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  42. ↑ "Airports close in southern, central Israel following rocket fire". Ynet. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  43. ↑ "German Airline Lufthansa Cuts Flights To Israel: Spokesman". Barron's. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  44. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (7 October 2023). "Head of Sha'ar Hanegev council Ofir Liebstein killed in gunfight with Hamas terrorists". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  45. ↑ Diver, Tony (7 October 2023). "Israeli commander among at least 50 people captured by Hamas". The Daily Telegraph.
  46. ↑ "Israel-Gaza Conflict: Update from Raja Abdulrahim". The New York Times. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  47. ↑ "Judicial reform protests cancelled amid security situation". The Jerusalem Post. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  48. ↑ "Opposition heads call for united front amid massive ongoing Hamas attack". Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  49. ↑ "Mahmoud Abbas: Palestinians have right to defend themselves against 'terror' | Al Arabiya English".
  50. ↑ Template:Cite twitter
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  54. ↑ "Australian Ambassador in Israel Ralph King: "We strongly condemn today's deadly rocket attacks on, and terrorist infiltration into, Israel from Gaza…Israel has the right to defend itself against such aggression"". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 7 October 2023.
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  58. ↑ https://twitter.com/grlicradman/status/1710576487370297365. Retrieved 7 October 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  59. ↑ "Cyprus strongly condemns today's heavy rocket attack against Israel and the terrorist infiltration in the south of the country. We stand with Israel". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 7 October 2023.
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  61. ↑ "Lars Løkke fordømmer angreb på Israel: Terrorisme". onp.dk. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
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  68. ↑ "Mark Rutte". X.
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  74. ↑ "Pedro Sanchez". X.
  75. ↑ Nyheter, S. V. T. (7 October 2023). "Billström (M) fördömer Hamas attack". SVT Nyheter (in svenska). Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
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  82. ↑ Estrin, Daniel (7 October 2023). "In surprise deadly attacks, Israel says Palestinian militants infiltrated from Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  83. ↑ "Adviser to Iran's Khamenei expresses support for Palestinian attacks: Report". alarabiya.
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  89. ↑ "Turkey's Erdogan calls on Israelis, Palestinians to act with restraint". The Jerusalem Post. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  90. ↑ October 2023, Naharnet Newsdesk 07. "Countries condemn 'terrorist attacks' from Gaza, Russia urges 'restraint'". Naharnet. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  91. ↑ Al Amir, Khitam. "Israel-Palestine conflict: UAE calls for immediate ceasefire to prevent dangerous consequences". Gulf News.
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  94. ↑ "NATO Condemns Hamas 'Terrorist Attacks' Against Israel". Barron's. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  95. ↑ "STATEMENT BY UN SPECIAL COORDINATOR FOR THE MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS, TOR WENNESLAND, ON THE SITUATION IN ISRAEL AND THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY". unmissions.org. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 "almasirah.net.ye:Ansarullah: Yemeni People Ready to Participate in Operation Al-Quds Flood". english.almasirah.net.ye. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
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  98. ↑ Beaumont, Peter (7 October 2023). "Hamas's stealth attack will be remembered as Israeli intelligence failure for the ages". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

External links

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