Devīsūkta
- This article is about the Devīsūktam in the Ṛgveda. This is different from Devisuktam/ Chandipath in Durgāsaptaśatī of Mārkaṃḍeyapurāṇa.[1]
The Devīsūktam, also called the Aṃbhṛnīsūktam, is the 125th sūkta (hymn) occurring in the 10th mandala of the Ṛgveda.[2] In the present day, the sūkta is popularly chanted during the worship of the Devī (Universal Goddess in any form), in the daily rituals of temples, and also in various Vedic sacrificial ceremonies like iṣti, hōma, havana, etc. It is also chanted at the end of Devīmāhātmya.
Text's Sequential Index
The proper sequential occurrence of Devīsūkta, in the Ṛgveda text is:
Maṇḍala: X; Anuvāka: X; Sūkta: CXXV; Aṣtaka: VIII; Adhyāya: VII; Varga: XI, XII
Anukramaṇī (Indices of the seer, deity number of verses & metre)
Since tradition mandates that all the sūktas in the Vedas must specify the Ṛṣi (m.) or Ṛṣikā (fe.) (the sage who envisioned the sūkta), the devatā (deity being invoked), number of verses in it, and the chandah (metre of the verses), the same follows below:
Ṛṣikā:Vāgāmbhṛṇī; Devatā: Vāgāmbhṛṇī; chandah: this sūkta has eight ṛks (verses) of which ṛks 1 & 3-8 are in Tṛṣṭup chandah, and ṛk 2 is in Jagatī chandah.
This is one of the very few sūktas in the Ṛgveda for which the Ṛṣikā and devatā are one and the same.
Text and meaning
The sūkta, in its apparent, general sense, is the proclamation by the Devī of her own power, glory, pervasiveness, and actions.
Sāyaṇācārya, in his commentary, states that Vāgāmbhṛṇī, (Vāk, the daughter of Ṛṣi Aṃbhṛṇa) - a brahmaviduṣi (one who has realized Bṛahman) - has eulogized herself in this sūkta. Vāk, having dissolved her individuality - the ego - has hence identified herself with the Paramātman (Brahman who is none other than the Devī), the all pervasive saccidānañda (the indivisible Existence-Knowledge-Bliss-Absolute), and thus with all the forms in the universe and the functionaries thereof, has praised herself.
Hence, she is the ṛṣikā of this sūkta and also the devatā.[3]
The 'I' Vāgāmbhṛṇī refers to, in the sūkta, is no more the narrow, limited ego which identifies itself with the microcosmic body-mind complex. It is the illimitable, eternal, residual Pure Consciousness - the Substratum of both the ego (subject) and the universe (object).
Her words, perhaps, remain the boldest, uncompromising proclamations of the realisation of Advaitic (non-dualistic) Truth by any seer in the entire realm of the Vedas.
The Devīsūkta:
1. I proceed with the Rudras, with the Vasus, with the Ādityas and the Viśhvadevas; I support both Mitra and Varuṇa, Agni and Iñdra, and the two Aśvins.[4]
2. I support the foe-destroying Tvaśtṛ, Pūśan and Bhaga; I bestow wealth upon the institutor of the rite offering the oblation (havis) - (who is) pouring forth the libation and deserving of careful protection. [5]
3. I am the sovereign queen (of all Existence), the collectress of treasures, cognizant of (the Supreme Being), the chief object of worship; as such, the gods have put me in many places, abiding in manifold conditions, entering into numerous (forms).[6]
4. He who eats food (eats) through me; he who sees, who breathes, who hears what is spoken, does so through me; those who are ignorant of me, perish; hearken who is capable of hearing, I tell you that which is deserving of belief. [7]
5. I verily myself declare this which is approved of by both gods and men; whomsoever I choose, I render him an exalted one, make him a ṛṣi, make him Brahman or make him highly intelligent. [8]
6. I bend the bow (to fasten the bow string at its ends) for Rudra, to slay the tormenting, Brahman-hating enemy. I wage war against (hostile) men (to protect the praying ones); I have pervaded the Heaven and earth. [9]
7. I bring forth the paternal (heaven - abode of the manes) upon the crown (brows) of (this Supreme Being); my genesis is from the waters (cosmic - the all pervading Entity); from thence, I pervade through all beings and reach this heaven with my body. [10]
8. I verily myself breathe forth like the wind, issuing out form to all the created worlds; beyond the heaven, beyond the world (I Exist eternally - beyond space & time) - so vast am I in my greatness. [11]
Recitation
An audio recording of the recitation of the Devīsūkta: File:04-DEVI SUKTHAM-MANTRA MANJUSHA.ogg
References
Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning "in the same place", commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to Idem, literally meaning "the same", abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal citation.[12]
Ibid. may also be used in the Chicago (name-date) system for in-text references where there has been a close previous citation from the same source material.[13][14] The previous reference should be immediately visible, e.g. within the same paragraph or page.
Some academic publishers now prefer that "ibid." not be italicised, as it is a commonly found term.[15] Usage differs from style or citation guides as to whether ibid should be suffixed with a full stop. For example, Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities omits full stops and does not capitalise,[16] while the Economist Style guide uses a lower case starting letter with ending full stop.[17]
Example
- [1] E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies (New York: Academic, 1997), 23.
- [2] Ibid.
- [3] Ibid., 29.
- [4] A. Alhazred, The Necronomicon (Petrus de Dacia, 1994).
- [5] Ibid. 1, 34.
Reference 2 is the same as reference 1: E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies on page 23, whereas reference 3 refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29. Intervening entries require a reference to the original citation in the form Ibid. <citation #>, as in reference 5.
Cultural references
- Ibid. is used in the 1960s play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? by Edward Albee. Albee uses an unabbreviated ibid[clarification needed] in his stage directions to tell an actor to use the same tone as the previous line.
- In the 1989 book Pyramids by Terry Pratchett, one of the Ephebian philosophers is called "Ibid".
- In the 1997 movie Good Will Hunting, the main character, Will Hunting, when arguing for himself in court against the dismissive rebuttals of the prosecuting attorney, cites obscure case law, then follows up by stating "Ibid, your Honor."
See also
References
- ↑ "Devi Suktam or Vak Suktam - Proclamation by the Primordial Goddess".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Rao, P. Venkata (1955): Ṛgveda Saṃhitā with Sāyaṇa's bhāṣya, Vol. 30. Śṛī Śāradā Press, Mysore, Karnataka, India, (Published by The Mahāṛāja of Mysore, for free public perusal). p. 689
- ↑ Ibid., p 690
- ↑ Ibid., p. 692
- ↑ Ibid., p. 693
- ↑ Ibid., p. 694 - 695
- ↑ Ibid., p. 696
- ↑ Ibid., p. 697
- ↑ Ibid., p. 698
- ↑ Ibid., p. 700
- ↑ Ibid., p. 703
- ↑ "Idem". thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 11 May 2008.
- ↑ Chicago Manual of Style Online, (13.64).
- ↑ New Hart's Rules, Oxford University Press, 2005, p.396
- ↑ E.g., "Style sheet: Cambridge University Press" (DOC). 2013.
- ↑ OSCOLA : Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. Nolan, Donal., Meredith, Sandra., University of Oxford. Faculty of Law. (4th ed.). Oxford: Hart Publishers. 2012. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-84946-367-6. OCLC 775030305.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ Style guide. Economist Books. (Twelfth ed.). New York. 5 June 2018. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-61039-981-4. OCLC 1005580872.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
External links
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