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[[File:Padma Shri India IIIe Klasse.jpg|100px|right]]
{{short description|Fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox civilian award
| name = Padma Shri
| image = Padma Shri India IIIe Klasse.jpg
| alt = Padma Shri medal suspended from its riband
| image_size = 100px
| type = National Civilian
| country = {{flag|India}}
| established = 1954
| first_award = 1954
| awarded_by = <br>[[File:Emblem of India.svg|30px|State Emblem of India]]<br/>[[Government of India]]
| previous_names = [[Padma Vibhushan]] "Tisra Varg" (Class III)
| obverse = A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Shri" is placed below the lotus.
| reverse = A platinum [[State Emblem of India]] placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
| ribbon =[[File:IND Padma Shri BAR.png|100px]]
| higher = [[File:IND_Padma_Bhushan_BAR.png|35px|Padma Bhushan riband]] [[Padma Bhushan]]
| last_award = 2020
| total = 3005
}}
[[File:Padmasree award certificate.jpeg|thumb|Padma Shri award certificate]]
'''Padma Shri''', ([[IAST]]: ''padma śrī'')
also spelt '''Padma Shree''', is the fourth-highest [[Indian honours system|civilian award]] in the [[Republic of India]], after the [[Bharat Ratna]], the [[Padma Vibhushan]] and the [[Padma Bhushan]]. It is awarded by the [[Government of India]] every year on [[Republic_Day_(India)|India's Republic Day]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf |title=Padma award's schema|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs |date= |accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref>


'''Padma Shri''' is the fourth highest civilian award of [[India]] after [[Bharat Ratna]], [[Padma Vibhushan]] and [[Padma Bhushan]] awards. These civilian awards are awarded by the [[Government of India]] on 26 January, the [[Republic Day|Republic Day of India]] each year.
==History==
Padma Awards were instituted in 1954 to be awarded to citizens of India in recognition of their distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity including the [[arts]], [[education]], [[industry]], [[literature]], [[science]], [[sports]], [[medicine]], [[social service]] and [[Public affairs (broadcasting)|public affairs]]. It has also been awarded to some distinguished individuals who were not citizens of India but did contribute in various ways to India.


Padma Shri award was first given in the year 1954. This award is awarded to citizens of [[India]] in recognition of their contribution in various activities such as the [[arts]], [[education]], [[literature]], [[industry]], [[cinema]], [[sports]], [[medicine]], [[social service]], [[public affairs]], and others.<ref name="precedence">{{cite web | url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA==&ParentID=XRRy6fl/Yj1c0bK0sve+Pg== | title=Precedence Of Medals | publisher=Indian Army | work=Website | accessdate=9 September 2014}}</ref>
The selection criteria have been criticized in some quarters with the claim that many highly deserving artists have been left out in order to favor certain individuals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?283756 |title=Padma's Easy Slim Zone &#124; Vrinda Gopinath |publisher=Outlookindia.com |date= |accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Advani backs Merchant on Padma awards selection criticism|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/snooker/billiards/Advani-backs-Merchant-on-Padma-awards-selection-criticism/tpoint_articleshow/5531225.cms|accessdate=1 November 2017|work=The Times of India|date=3 February 2010}}</ref> India has now created an online nomination platform for the common citizens to recommend the nomination for the annually given civilian "Padma" awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/SelectionGuidelines.aspx|title=Padma Awards Online Nomination|website=padmaawards.gov.in|access-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164054/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/SelectionGuidelines.aspx|archive-date=16 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Reference==
On its obverse, the words "[[Padma (attribute)|Padma]]", meaning lotus in [[Sanskrit]], and "[[Sri|Shri]]", a Sanskrit-derived honorific equivalent to 'Mr.' or 'Ms.' (ie., "Noble One in Blossom"), appear in [[Devanagari]] above and below a [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]] flower. The geometrical pattern on either side is in burnished [[bronze]]. All embossing is in [[white gold]].
 
{{as of|2020}}, 3123 people have received the award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards {{!}} Interactive Dashboard |url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Award=Padma%20Shri |website=www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in |accessdate=15 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
 
==Refusals and controversies==
{{See also|List of people who have declined or renounced Indian honours and decorations}}
Several intended recipients, including [[sitar]] player [[Vilayat Khan]],<ref name="refusals">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA411|title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic|author1=Kaminsky, Arnold P.|author2=Long, Roger D.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=978-0-313-37462-3|p=411|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000246/https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA411|archivedate=21 September 2017}}</ref> academic and author [[Mamoni Raisom Goswami]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2003/01/19/stories/2003011900271700.htm|title=Artistes' angst  |date=19 January 2003|accessdate=18 June 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|url-status=live}}</ref> journalist Kanak Sen Deka<ref name="question_mark"/> and noted [[Bollywood]] screenwriter [[Salim Khan]], have declined the Padma Shri for various reasons.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/salim-khan-declines-padma-shri/|title=Salim Khan declines to receive Padma Shri  |date=27 January 2015|accessdate=18 June 2018|newspaper=The Indian Express|url-status=live}}</ref> Some intended recipients, such as environmental activist [[Sunderlal Bahuguna]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/STATE-EDITIONS/dehradun/noted-activist-sunderlal-bahuguna-turns-90.html|title=Noted activist Sunderlal Bahuguna turns 90  |date=10 January 2017|accessdate=18 June 2018|newspaper=The Pioneer|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[English billiards]] champion [[Michael Ferreira]],<ref name="question_mark">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1050129/asp/nation/story_4310835.asp|title=Refusal question mark on awards |date=28 January 2005|accessdate=18 June 2018|newspaper=The Telegraph - India|url-status=live}}</ref> have refused the honour but have subsequently accepted a more prestigious one such as the [[Padma Bhushan]] or [[Padma Vibhushan]]. Other individuals, such as author [[Phanishwar Nath 'Renu']],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aura.edu.in/read/cbse/12/14/original/Page-112.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=18 June 2018 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213503/http://aura.edu.in/read/cbse/12/14/original/Page-112.html |archivedate=3 March 2016  }}</ref> Punjabi author [[Dalip Kaur Tiwana]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjabi-writer-tiwana-to-return-padma-shri/145837.html|title=Punjabi writer Tiwana to return Padma Shri |date=14 October 2015|accessdate=18 June 2018|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|url-status=live}}</ref> and noted poet [[Jayanta Mahapatra]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/jayanta-mahapatra-returns-padma-shri-protesting-intolerance/story-JRTZHWq1fjJClaEzoM3SoO.html|title=Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri protesting 'intolerance'  |date=23 November 2015|accessdate=18 June 2018|newspaper=The Hindustan Times|url-status=live}}</ref> have returned the honour after initially accepting it.
 
==Awards by decade==
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1954–1959)]]
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1960–1969)]]
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1970–1979)]]
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1980–1989)]]
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1990–1999)]]
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2000–2009)]]
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2010–2019)]]
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2020–2029)]]
 
==See also==
* [[List of recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Indian awards]]
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Portal|India}}
* {{Official website|http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/}}
* {{cite web|title=Awards & Medals|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/awards_medals|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=22 October 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007054538/http://www.mha.nic.in/awards_medals|archivedate=7 October 2015}}
*{{cite web|title=MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (Public Section) Padma Awards Directory (1954-2017)|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616021314/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf|archivedate=16 June 2017}}
 
{{Padma Shri Awards}}
{{India Honours and Decorations}}
 
[[Category:Awards established in 1954]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri]]

Revision as of 16:07, 1 September 2020

Padma Shri
Padma Shri medal suspended from its riband
TypeNational Civilian
Country India
Ribbon
ObverseA centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Shri" is placed below the lotus.
ReverseA platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
Established1954
Precedence
Next (higher)Padma Bhushan riband Padma Bhushan
Padma Shri award certificate

Padma Shri, (IAST: padma śrī) also spelt Padma Shree, is the fourth-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. It is awarded by the Government of India every year on India's Republic Day.[1]

History

Padma Awards were instituted in 1954 to be awarded to citizens of India in recognition of their distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity including the arts, education, industry, literature, science, sports, medicine, social service and public affairs. It has also been awarded to some distinguished individuals who were not citizens of India but did contribute in various ways to India.

The selection criteria have been criticized in some quarters with the claim that many highly deserving artists have been left out in order to favor certain individuals.[2][3] India has now created an online nomination platform for the common citizens to recommend the nomination for the annually given civilian "Padma" awards.[4]

On its obverse, the words "Padma", meaning lotus in Sanskrit, and "Shri", a Sanskrit-derived honorific equivalent to 'Mr.' or 'Ms.' (ie., "Noble One in Blossom"), appear in Devanagari above and below a lotus flower. The geometrical pattern on either side is in burnished bronze. All embossing is in white gold.

As of 2020, 3123 people have received the award.[5]

Refusals and controversies

See also: List of people who have declined or renounced Indian honours and decorations

Several intended recipients, including sitar player Vilayat Khan,[6] academic and author Mamoni Raisom Goswami,[7] journalist Kanak Sen Deka[8] and noted Bollywood screenwriter Salim Khan, have declined the Padma Shri for various reasons.[9] Some intended recipients, such as environmental activist Sunderlal Bahuguna[10] and English billiards champion Michael Ferreira,[8] have refused the honour but have subsequently accepted a more prestigious one such as the Padma Bhushan or Padma Vibhushan. Other individuals, such as author Phanishwar Nath 'Renu',[11] Punjabi author Dalip Kaur Tiwana[12] and noted poet Jayanta Mahapatra,[13] have returned the honour after initially accepting it.

Awards by decade

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Padma award's schema" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  2. ↑ "Padma's Easy Slim Zone | Vrinda Gopinath". Outlookindia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  3. ↑ "Advani backs Merchant on Padma awards selection criticism". The Times of India. 3 February 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  4. ↑ "Padma Awards Online Nomination". padmaawards.gov.in. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  5. ↑ "Padma Awards | Interactive Dashboard". www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  6. ↑ Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. ABC-CLIO. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017.
  7. ↑ "Artistes' angst". The Hindu. 19 January 2003. Retrieved 18 June 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Refusal question mark on awards". The Telegraph - India. 28 January 2005. Retrieved 18 June 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ "Salim Khan declines to receive Padma Shri". The Indian Express. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ "Noted activist Sunderlal Bahuguna turns 90". The Pioneer. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ↑ "Punjabi writer Tiwana to return Padma Shri". The Tribune. 14 October 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri protesting 'intolerance'". The Hindustan Times. 23 November 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

External links

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