Khandayat (caste): Difference between revisions

Khandayat
Khandayat
Religions	Hinduism
Languages	Odia
Populated states	Odisha

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Revision as of 21:40, 1 August 2026

Khandayat or Khandait is a Martial caste from Odisha, East india.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] They were feudal chiefs, military generals, zamindars, large land holders and agriculturalists.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] Numerically they are the largest caste of the state.^[10]

Etymology

The name Khandayat is originated from the word "Khanda" which means Sword and khandayat means sword wielding.^[11]^[12]

History

References

↑ Behuria, N. C. (1990). Orissa State Gazetteer. Gazetteers Unit, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa.
↑ Behura, Nab Kishore; Mohanty, Ramesh P. (2005). Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-920-3.
↑ Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997). Economic History of Orissa. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-075-0.
↑ Pati, Rabindra Nath (2008). Family Planning. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0352-8.
↑ Regional Development Dialogue. United Nations Centre for Regional Development. 2009.
↑ Bhola, Sudhira Chandra (1990). British Economic Policy in Orissa. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-075-0.
↑ Samal, J. K. (1990). Economic History of Orissa, 1866-1912. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-218-9.
↑ Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy (18 October 2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-11988-2.
↑ Bailey, Frederick George (1970). Politics and Social Change. University of California Press. p. 132.
↑ Punjab Journal of Politics. Department of Political Science, Guru Nanak Dev University. 1986.
↑ Ghosh, G. K. (2000). Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India. Firma KLM. ISBN 978-81-7102-046-1.
↑ Pati, Biswamoy (2003). Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800-2000. Three Essays Collective. ISBN 978-81-88789-04-7.

Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy, eds. (2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13411-988-2.
Pati, Biswamoy (2001). Situating Social History: Orissa, 1800-1997. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-8-12502-007-3.
Senapati, Fakir Mohan (2005). Six Acres and a Third: The Classic Nineteenth-century Novel about Colonial India. Mishra, Rabi Shankar (trans.). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52022-883-2.
Roy, Bhaskar (2004). "Khandayats moving into political gear in Orissa". Times of India.

[1] Behuria, N. C. (1990). Orissa State Gazetteer. Gazetteers Unit, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa.

[2] Behura, Nab Kishore; Mohanty, Ramesh P. (2005). Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-920-3.

[3] Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997). Economic History of Orissa. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-075-0.

[4] Pati, Rabindra Nath (2008). Family Planning. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0352-8.

[5] Regional Development Dialogue. United Nations Centre for Regional Development. 2009.

[6] Bhola, Sudhira Chandra (1990). British Economic Policy in Orissa. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-075-0.

[7] Samal, J. K. (1990). Economic History of Orissa, 1866-1912. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-218-9.

[8] Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy (18 October 2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-11988-2.

[9] Bailey, Frederick George (1970). Politics and Social Change. University of California Press. p. 132.

[10] Punjab Journal of Politics. Department of Political Science, Guru Nanak Dev University. 1986.

[11] Ghosh, G. K. (2000). Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India. Firma KLM. ISBN 978-81-7102-046-1.

[12] Pati, Biswamoy (2003). Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800-2000. Three Essays Collective. ISBN 978-81-88789-04-7.

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@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 == Etymology ==
 The name Khandayat is originated from the word "[[Khanda (sword)|Khanda]]" which means Sword and khandayat means sword wielding.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=z6eBAAAAMAAJ&q=Khandayat+sword&dq=Khandayat+sword&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvpf_Qv7jxAhUCyDgGHchVBx0Q6AEwAHoECAMQAw|title=Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India|date=2000|publisher=Firma KLM|isbn=978-81-7102-046-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pati|first=Biswamoy|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GDpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Khandayat+sword&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Khandayat+sword|title=Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800-2000|date=2003|publisher=Three Essays Collective|isbn=978-81-88789-04-7|language=en}}</ref>
-== History ==
+== <big>History</big> ==
-Traditionally, they are quasi-martial caste who claim themselves to be of [[Kshatriya]] status, but they were considered by the [[Brahmin]]s and others to be in the [[Shudra]] varna category<ref name="Congress1997">{{cite book|author=Indian History Congress|title=Proceedings|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZfltAAAAMAAJ&dq=khandayat+sudra&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sudra|year=1997|publisher=Indian History Congress}}</ref>{{full|date=June 2021}} due to the majority of Khandayats being peasants. Pradhan also attributes this to Brahmin patronage of [[Rajput]]s, who also claimed to be of Kshatriya status.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pradhan|first=Prasanta Kumar|date=1996|title=Story of the Peasant Militias or the Khandayats or Orissa: A Socio-Historical Approach|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44133394|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=57|pages=752-745|via=JSTOR}}</ref>{{clarify|reason=Brahmins patronised Rajputs or Rajputs patronised Brahmins, and really what does this have to do with the Khadayat status?|date=June 2021}} Communities such as [[Adivasi]]s, [[Bhuyan|Bhuyans]], [[Chasa (caste)|Chasas]], and [[Agharia|Agharias]] started identifying as Khandayats in order to gain status, distance themselves from their original castes/communities, and exploit [[Zamindar]] land rights.<ref name=":7">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eKbW3ukh9oC&q=biswamoy+pati+khandayats&pg=PA89  |title=India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism |last1=Ernst |first1=Waltraun |last2=Pati |first2=Biswamoy |date=2007 |isbn=9781134119882 |access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}

v t e Ethnic groups, Communities, and tribes of Odisha
Brahmins	Utkala Brahmin
Kayastha	Karana
Vaishya	Halwai Teli Bania
Agriculturalists/cultivators	Agharia Chasa (caste) Khandayat Kuilta Kisan people
Scheduled Tribes	Santhal Kharia Munda Mahali Sauro Lodha Mirdha (tribe) Banjara Bhumij Bonda Juang Ho Bhunjia Kanwar (tribe) List of Scheduled Tribes in Odisha
Muslims	Odia Muslims

Khandayat (caste): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:40, 1 August 2026

Contents

Etymology

History

References

Further reading