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{{Short description|City in West Bengal, India}}
#REDIRECT [[Kalna, India]]
{{About|the municipality in West Bengal, India|its namesake subdivision|Kalna subdivision|its namesake community development block|Kalna I |another namesake community development block|Kalna II}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2020}}
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->
{{Infobox settlement
| name                      = Kalna
| other_name                = Ambika Kalna
| nickname                  = The Temple City
| settlement_type            = City
| image_skyline              = Kalna_Temple_Complex_by_Piyal_Kundu_4.jpg
| image_alt                  =
| image_caption              = Kalna Temple Complex
| pushpin_map                = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position    = right
| pushpin_map_alt            =
| pushpin_map_caption        = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates                = {{coord|23.22|N|88.37|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type          = Country
| subdivision_name          = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1          = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1          = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2          = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2          = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title          = <!-- Established -->
| established_date          =
| founder                    =
| named_for                  =
| government_type            = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body            = Kalna Municipality
| leader_title              = MLA
| leader_name                = Biswajit Kundu
| unit_pref                  = Metric
| area_footnotes            = <ref>{{cite web|title=Kalna Info|url=http://bardhaman.gov.in/blocks/kalna_m.html}}</ref>
| area_rank                  =
| area_total_km2            = 6.40
| elevation_footnotes        =
| elevation_m                = 11
| population_total          = 56,722
| population_as_of          = 2011
| population_rank            =
| population_density_km2    = 8221
| population_metro          =
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_demonym        =
| population_footnotes      =
| demographics_type1        = Languages
| demographics1_title1      = Official
| demographics1_info1        = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| timezone1                  = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                = +5:30
| postal_code_type          = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                = 713409
| area_code_type            = Telephone code
| area_code                  = +91-3454
| registration_plate        =
| blank1_name_sec1          = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1          = 961 [[female|♀]]/1000[[male|♂]]
| blank2_name_sec1          = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1          = 84.4%
| blank3_name_sec1          = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1          = [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]
| blank4_name_sec1          = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1          = [[Kalna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kalna]]
| website                    =
{{URL|https://ebarkalna.weebly.com}}
{{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| iso_code                  = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes                  =
}}
 
'''Kalna''' or '''Ambika Kalna''' is a town in the [[Purba Bardhaman district]] of [[West Bengal]], India. It is the headquarters of the [[Kalna subdivision]], situated on the western bank of the [[Hooghly River|Bhāgirathi]]. The city is more popularly known as Ambika Kalna, named after the goddess [[Kali]], [[Ambika (Jainism)|Maa Ambika]]. It has numerous historical monuments, such as the Rajbari (the palace), and 108 [[Shiva]] temples. The city of Kalna is {{convert|60|km}} from [[Bardhaman]].
 
== History ==
The first reference to Ambika Kalna is found in a 6th-century text known as the [[Kubjika]] [[Tantra]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ambika Kalna Travel and Tourism Guide|url=https://www.india.com/travel/ambika-kalna/|access-date=2020-07-03|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com}}</ref>
 
According to General [[Alexander Cunningham]], the founder of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], Ambika Kalna was a frontier city of the [[Tamralipta]] kingdom during the 7th century A.D. At that time, a naval base was founded in the city during the reign of [[Shashanka]]. Kalna houses the only [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]] temple built in Sri Chaitanya's lifetime. It is the abode of pilgrimage for the [[Barnabites]]. It was a celebrated place during [[Mohammedan]] rule in the 15th century.<ref name=":0" />
 
The city reached its apex during the late 18th century under the patronage of the [[Bardhaman Raj|Maharajas of Bardhaman]], who built several temples with intricate [[terracotta]] ornamentation.
 
==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=400| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|21|30|N|88|17|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the Kalna subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district'''<br/>M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre. H: historical/ religious place.<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
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|mark-coord6={{coord|23|18|36|N|88|20|20|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Nasratpur | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Nasratpur]] (CT)|shape-color6=#A40000
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|mark-coord8={{coord|23|15|27|N|88|20|32|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Piarinagar | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Piarinagar]] (CT)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|15|4|N|88|19|21|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Uttar Goara | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Uttar Goara]] (CT)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|12|45|N|88|22|45|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Shashpur | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Shashpur]] (CT)|shape-color10=#A40000
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|mark-coord12={{coord|23|28|0|N|88|19|58|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Purbasthali| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Purbasthali]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|25|21|N|88|6|27|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Monteswar| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Monteswar]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|14|30|N|88|20|27|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Rangapara| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Rangapara, Kalna]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|10|7|N|88|17|9|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Singarkone| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Singarkone]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|26|57|N|88|18|49|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Parulia| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Parulia, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
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|mark-coord18={{coord|23|9|24|N|88|16|53|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Badla| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Badla, Purba Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|19|55|N|88|19|17|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Samudragarh| numbered19=C| mark-title19= [[Samudragarh]] (C)| shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|34|7|N|88|17|15|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Patuli| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Patuli]] (R)| shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|9|20|N|88|14|45|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Baidyapur Jora Deul| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Baidyapur Jora Deul]] (H)| shape-color21=#AA6666
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===Location===
{{Redirect category shell|
Kalna is located at {{Coord|23.22|N|88.37|E|format=dms}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Kalna.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kalna]</ref> It has an average elevation of 11&nbsp;meters (36&nbsp;ft). It is located on the west bank of the Bhagirathi, a [[distributary]] of the Ganges, Ambika Kalna, or popularly known as Kalna, a sup-divisional town. It is a small reflection of a larger multi-dimensional background in Indian history.
{{R from move}}
 
The town can be accessed by rail, road, or river. By rail, it is connected on the loop line route from [[Howrah]] towards [[Katwa]]. Ambika Kalna, 81&nbsp;km from Howrah, is the main railway station. There are several local trains, as well as express trains on the route and almost all of them stop at the Ambika Kalna rail station. By road, the town can be accessed from [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], [[Katwa]], [[Bandel]], [[Pandua, Hooghly|Pandua]], [[Boinchi]], [[Memari]] and [[Barddhaman]].
 
Though part of the [[Burdwan district]] of West Bengal, it is located near the border with [[Nadia district|Nadia]] and [[Hooghly district]], and is close to [[Nabadwip]] and [[Mayapur]], known for the [[ISKCON]] center.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Department of tourism government of West Bengal |url=https://www.wbtourismgov.in/destination/attractions_activities/nadia|website=wbtourismgov}}</ref>
 
Kalna is located between the [[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]], [[Ajay River|Ajay]] and [[Damodar River|Damodar]] rivers.<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folklore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol I, p. 15, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>
 
Temperatures in this region vary from 17 to 18&nbsp;°C in winter to 30–32&nbsp;°C in summer.<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, p. 19</ref>
 
==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kalna had a total population of 56,722, of which 28,793 (51%) were males and 27,929 (49%) were females. The population below age six was 4,557. The total number of [[literate]] people in Kalna was 45,403 (80.04% of the population being over six years of age).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html | title = 2011 Census - Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 10 March 2017 }}</ref>
 
According to the [[2001 Census of India]], Kalna had a population of 52,176, of which 51% were male, and 49% female. Kalna had an average literacy rate of 84.4%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 90.1%, and female literacy is 78.4%. In Kalna, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=2004-06-16 |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |access-date=2008-11-01 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
The steady flow of refugees from East Pakistan swelled the population of the area in the 1950s.<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folklore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol I, p57, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>
 
=== Religion ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Hinduism is the main religion in Kalna with 94.75% of its citizens being Hindu. Islam is the second most practiced religion, with a following of approximately 4.88%. In Kalna, most of the Muslim population is situated in Jabari para. 0.12% practice Christianity, 0.01% practice [[Jainism]], 0.02% practice [[Sikhism]] and 0.07% practice [[Buddhism]]. Formally, they come from Chittagong Bangladesh. Around 0.15% of the population does not practice any particular religion.
 
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Kalna (2011)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801679-kalna-west-bengal.html|title=kalna Religion 2011|access-date=15 April 2017}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|color1 = orange
|value1 = 94.75
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|color2 = Green
|value2 = 4.88
|label3 = [[Christianity]]
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|value3 = 0.12
|label4 = [[Sikhism]]
|color5 = Gold
|value4 = 0.02
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|color4 = Maroon
|value5 = 0.07
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|color6 = Pink
|value6 = 0.01
|label7 = not stated
|color7 = Black
|value7 = 0.15
}}
}}
{{Clear}}
==Attractions==
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{manual|section|date=July 2020}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
}}
[[File:108 Shiv Mandir, Kalna, Burdhaman 01.jpg|thumb|108 Shiv Mandir, Kalna, Burdhaman 01]]
Popularized by the sage Bhaba Pagla, the temple of Debi Bhabani holds a special puja on the last Saturday of the Bengali month of Baisakh. Close to it is '''S [https://www.harekrishnavizag.org/ ri Gauranga Mandir]'''. The temple complex houses Sri Chaitanya's manuscripts and personal belongings. A major landmark is the '''[[Siddheshwar temple, Solapur|Siddheshwari Temple]]'''. It is dedicated to Debi Ambika, and it is after her that Kalna is also known as Ambika Kalna. The temple is nearly 800 years old.
A major attraction is the '''Nava Kailash''' or '''108 Shiv Mandirs'''. Built-in 1809, the temples were constructed in two circles. One consists of 74 temples, whilst the other has 34. The former has white marble and black stone shiva lingas, whilst the latter comprises white marble shivling. Due to its ingenious planning, all of the shiva lingas can be seen from the center of the temple complex.
The '''Krishna Chandra Mandir''' (1751–1752), with its 25 steeples, depicts several scenes from the epics upon its terracotta walls. Doors remain closed from 1 p.m. until 4 p.m. Also worthy of note are '''Lalji Mandir''' (1739) with 25 steeples, and '''Pratapeshvara Mandir''' (1849) of the [[Rekha]] style; this temple has magnificent terracotta designs.
'''Maijir Bari''' was established in 1752 and has the '''Shyamchand Radharani Mondir'''. It has preserved a tradition of nearly 300 years and, even today, festivals such as Dol Purnima, Rath yatra, Jhulan Purnima, Annakot, and Rash are celebrated every year involving the people of the region, irrespective of caste, creed, or religion.
'''Projapoti Bari''' is also quite well known and is featured in [https://www.cruisemapper.com/ports/kalna-port-3431 '''Kalna cruise port'''] lines as a historical destination. This landmark house has a huge butterfly emblem atop. Hemanta Banerjee, who inherited the house from his father, also owned Sur-O-Sathi. Apurba Banerjee, brother of Hemanta Banerjee, started Kali puja in 1947.
'''Gopalbari Mandir''' consisting of 25 steeples signifies a perfect sculpture. On the walls of these Temples, many Terracotta warriors are ornamented. There is an image of copulation engraved here. A hall adjacent to the Temple for devotional dancing and musical performances was erected. It is an indication of traditional sculpture, located in Bhaduri Para.
[[File:Gopalbari Temple Kalna.jpg|thumb|Gopalbari Temple]]
In 688, '''Siddheswari Kali Mandir''' was established by Rishi-Amburish. The first time the Goddess was worshipped through the ritual of earthen-pot (ghatt). The ghatt sticks to a stone winnowing tray. This auspicious image is made of a single Neem log. This image represents Bamakali Idol. The responsibility of this Goddess was shouldered on the part of -1. Sri Taraprassana Adhikari, 2. Kaliprassana Adhikari and now, the 7th generation personality Sri Sonatan Adhikari and Gopal Adhikari are the priests of this Temple. Long ago scarifies of humans to the altar of the Temple were in vogue. But at present he-goat, sugarcane, gourd, etc. instead of a human. The Goddess is worshipped during the new moon in the month of Kartik.
'''Ananta Basudev Mandir''' is situated at Shyamrai Para. The temple is about 250 years old. His Honour, Maharaj Bahktipromode Puri Goswami had renovated this Temple about 60 years back. Now, Maharaj's nephews, nieces, and their husbands have got the responsibility of looking after it. About 250 years back, his Highness Maharaj of Burdwan founded this Temple.
'''Buddha Mandir''' is situated at Bara-Mitra-Para it is the oldest Buddhist temple in ‘Purba Burdwan District’ about 37 years old, a small Theravada Buddhist community (Barua) looking after it. in the temple shrine, a six feet tall gold-plated metallic Buddha statue from Thailand and an old marble Buddha statue originating from Burma are the two main attractions.
There is also the famous Tamarind tree, more than 500 years old, below which Sri Chaitanya came and met Nityananda.
In the past, '''Pathuria Mahal Ghat''' was used for Ferry-ghat. Now it has got its identity as an auspicious bathing-ghat in the name of Late Naresh Chandra Kumar, an extraordinary personality and donor of the Bathing-Ghat. It is located at Pathuriyamahal, Kalna.
Recently, '''Kalna Porjoton Utsab''' is being organized on every winter (2nd Week of January). Since 2014, the entire '''Rajbari Temple Complex''' has been illuminated. '''Ras Manch''' is the main attraction there in the evening.
==Education==
[[Kalna College]], one of the oldest colleges under the [[University of Burdwan]], was founded in 1943. It is accredited B++ by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]. Kalna Polytechnic was established in 2000. Besides, there are several Higher secondary and secondary schools. Some reputed schools in Kalna:
[[File:KalnaCollege.jpg|thumb|right|Kalna College]]
* [[Kalna Maharaja's High School]]
* [[Ambika Mahishmardini High School]]
* [[Hindu Girls' High School]]
* [[Mahishmardini Boys Institution]]
* [[Mahishmardini Girls' Institution]]
* [[Nigamananda High School]]
* [[Sasibala Saha High School]]
* [[Mayasundari High School]]
* [[Gajalaxmi High School]]
* [[Acme Academy]] (ISC Board)
* [[Kalna Polytechnic]]
* [[Kalna Primary Teacher's Training Institute]]
==Transport==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Being situated at the junction of three districts (Bardhaman, Hooghly, and Nadia), Kalna has a well-developed transportation network. The main mode of local transport is cycle rickshaw and auto-rickshaw. In this year, Chief Minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] launched a River bridge project between Kalna and [[Shantipur]].
===Rail===
Though the main railway station of the town is {{stnlnk|Ambika Kalna}}, the northern part of the city can also be accessed through {{stnlnk|Baghnapara}}. Ambika Kalna is 42&nbsp; km and Baghnapara is 46&nbsp; km from Bandel on the [[Bandel–Katwa line]].<ref>Railway local time table</ref> There are many local trains (EMU) and a few express and passenger trains from Howrah and Sealdah.
===Road===
Kalna is linked to important cities of South Bengal by road. The main bus stand is situated beside the STKK Road ([[State Highway 6 (West Bengal)|SH 6]]). Many private local and long route express buses are available. There is a Government bus depot operated by South Bengal State Transport Corporation (SBSTC) which services Long-distance express buses, connecting various cities (Asansol, Durgapur, Bardhaman, Bankura, Dumka, Digha, Malda, Bishnupur, Balurghat, etc.) of [[West Bengal]] and [[Jharkhand]]. Bus services are available for Krishnanagar, Shantipur, Phulia, and Ranaghat from Kalna Ghat bus stand on the bank of Bhagirathi River.
==Gallery==
<gallery heights="thumb" mode="packed">
File:Panoramaic View of Nava Kailash Temple.jpg|Nava Kailash Temple
File:Kalna Pratapeswar Temple by Piyal Kundu.jpg|Pratapeswar Temple
File:Kalna Lalji Temple by Piyal Kundu.jpg|Lalji Temple
File:Rashmancha Kalna.jpg|Ras Mancha at the Kalna Temple Complex in Barddhaman
File:Siddheswari Kali Temple, Ambika-Kalna.jpg|Siddheswari Kalibari
File:pathuria.jpg|Pathuria Mahal Ghat
File:WLM@WB-Nava-Kailasha_Temple_in_Kalna_(Panoramic_View)_02.jpg|Nava-Kailasha Temple in Kalna
Image:Kalna Ras Manch by Sambit Saha.jpg|Kalna Ras Manch, Illuminated at Night
Image:Kalna_Temple_Complex_by_Piyal_Kundu_3.jpg|Kalna Temple Complex
Image:Kalna_Pratapeswar_Temple_by_Piyal_Kundu2.jpg|Kalna Pratapeswar Temple Terracotta Works
Image:Kalna Krishna Chandraji Temple by Piyal Kundu.jpg|Krishna Chandraji Temple
Image:Kalna_Lalji_Temple_by_Piyal_Kundu_3.jpg|Lalji Temple Terracotta Works
Image:Kalna_108_Siva_Temple_Outer_Circle_by_Piyal_Kundu.jpg|108 Siva Temple Outer circle
Image:Kalna Group of Temple 03.jpg|Group of temples at Kalna in Burdwan, West Bengal
File:WLM@WB-Rupeswar_Temple_in_Kalna.jpg|Rupeswar Temple in Kalna
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Ambika Kalna}}
{{Commons category|Kalna}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121165703/http://www.ambikakalna.com/ Website of Kalna]
{{Purba Bardhaman District}}
{{Craft centres in West Bengal}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Bardhaman district]]

Latest revision as of 02:06, 13 August 2025

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