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{{short description|1984 film by J. Mahendran}}
{{short description|1984 film by J. Mahendran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name          = Kai Kodukkum Kai
| image          = Kai Kodukkum Kai.jpg
| image          = Kai Kodukkum Kai.jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
Line 11: Line 10:
| story          = Eeswarachandra
| story          = Eeswarachandra
| starring      = {{ubl|[[Rajinikanth]]|[[Revathi]]}}
| starring      = {{ubl|[[Rajinikanth]]|[[Revathi]]}}
| music          = [[Ilaiyaraja]]
| music          = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]]
| editing        = {{ubl|[[B. Lenin]]|[[V. T. Vijayan]]}}
| editing        = {{ubl|[[B. Lenin]]|[[V. T. Vijayan]]}}
| studio        = Sri Raghavendraas
| studio        = Sri Raghavendraas
| released      = {{film date|1984|6|15|df=y}}
| released      = {{film date|1984|6|15|df=y}}
| runtime        =
| country        = India
| country        = India
| language      = Tamil
| language      = Tamil
| budget        =
}}
}}


'''''Kai Kodukkum Kai''''' ({{trans|Helping Hand}}) is a 1984 Indian [[Tamil language]] film directed by [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]] starring [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Revathy]]. It was an extended version of ''Munithayi'' written by Eeswarachandra – the third segment of the 1976 [[Kannada]] [[anthology film]] ''[[Katha Sangama]]''. Rajnikanth, who played the antagonist role in ''Munithayi'' , played the lead role in this film. The film was produced by [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] and R. Vijayachandran.
'''''Kai Kodukkum Kai''''' ({{translation|Helping Hand}}) is a 1984 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film written and directed by [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]], starring [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Revathi]]. It is an extended version of ''Munithayi'' written by Eeswarachandra – the third segment of the 1976 [[Kannada]] [[anthology film]] ''[[Katha Sangama (1976 film)|Katha Sangama]]''. Rajnikanth, who played the antagonist in ''Munithayi'', played the lead role in this film. The film was produced by [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] and R. Vijayachandran. It was released on 15 June 1984.


== Plot ==
== Plot ==
Kaalimuthu marries Seetha, the girl he loves after much denial from his elder brother. Seetha is blind and is raped a man Pannaiyar who has a weakness for women and addiction to sex. Pannaiyar even though married lusts after looking at Seetha and rapes her in the absence of Kaalimuthu, her husband. The climax is interesting twist as to what happens when Kaalimuthu decides to forgive Pannaiyar for his crime.
{{more plot|date=March 2022}}
Kaalimuthu marries Seetha, the girl he loves after much denial from his elder brother. Seetha is blind and is raped by a [[Pannaiyar]] who has a weakness for women and addiction to sex. The Pannaiyar, even though married, lusts after looking at Seetha and rapes her in the absence of Kaalimuthu, her husband. The climax is an interesting twist as to what happens when Kaalimuthu decides to forgive the Pannaiyar for his crime.


== Cast ==
== Cast ==
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Kaalimuthu
{{cast listing|
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Kaalimuthu{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=111}}
* [[Revathi]] as Seetha
* [[Revathi]] as Seetha
* [[Rajalakshmi (actress)|Rajalakshmi]] as Mangamma
* [[Rajyalakshmi]] as Mangamma
* [[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Periyapannai (Voice over by – [[Shanmugasundaram]])
* [[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Periyapannai
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Kaalimuthu's brother
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Kaalimuthu's brother
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Kaalimuthu's sister-in-law
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Kaalimuthu's sister-in-law
* [[Y. G. Mahendra]]
* [[Y. G. Mahendran]]
* [[Poornam Vishwanathan]]
* [[Poornam Viswanathan]]
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]]
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]]
* [[Chinni Jayanth]]
* [[Chinni Jayanth]]
* [[Kumarimuthu]]
* [[Kumarimuthu]]
* [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]]
* [[Bayilvan Ranganathan]]
}}


== Production ==
== Production ==
Actor [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] decided to produce a film with Rajinikanth as the lead actor. Rajinikanth suggested Mahendran be the director.<ref name="MM1">{{Cite news |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/11/29234855/actor-rajini--act-in-kai-koduk.html |title=கன்னடத்தில் இருந்து தமிழுக்கு வந்த கை கொடுக்கும் கை |date=29 November 2007 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |access-date=4 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030123954/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/11/29234855/actor-rajini--act-in-kai-koduk.html |archive-date=30 October 2014 |language=Tamil}}</ref> The film was an extended version of ''Munithayi'', the third segment of the 1975 [[Kannada]] [[anthology film]] ''[[Katha Sangama]]'' by [[Puttanna Kanagal]]. Rajinikanth who played the antagonist role in the original played the hero in the remake.<ref name=MM1 /> Mahendran wrote the screenplay with slight changes in the script. Mahendran's routine crew [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]] and the editing duo [[B. Lenin]]&nbsp;– [[V. T. Vijayan]] were recruited for the film.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} In a later interview with ''[[Maalai Malar]]'', Vijayakumar mentioned that he was not satisfied with the climax of the film, as he felt the fans would not accept Rajinikanth's lead pair getting raped. However, Mahendran was reluctant to change the climax that the original film had.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/25234520/1214842/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |title=கை கொடுக்கும் கை பட கிளைமாக்ஸ் |date=10 June 2007 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |access-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822092638/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/25234520/1214842/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |archive-date=22 August 2019 |language=Tamil}}</ref> A duet sequence had to be included in the film due to pressure from others.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/dec/12/he-could-have-missed-out-on-his-favourite-film-433065.html |title=He could have missed out on his favourite film |date=12 December 2012 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=30 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163037/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/dec/12/he-could-have-missed-out-on-his-favourite-film-433065.html |archive-date=12 June 2018}}</ref>
Actor [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] decided to produce a film with [[Rajinikanth]] as the lead actor. Rajinikanth suggested [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]] be the director. The film was an extended version of ''Munithayi'', the third segment of the 1975 [[Kannada]] [[anthology film]] ''[[Katha Sangama (1976 film)|Katha Sangama]]''. Rajinikanth, who played the antagonist in ''Munithayi'', played the lead in this film. Mahendran wrote the screenplay with slight changes in the script like having a different ending.{{sfn|Mahendran|2013|pp=245-246}}<ref name="MM1">{{Cite news |date=29 November 2007 |title=கன்னடத்தில் இருந்து தமிழுக்கு வந்த கை கொடுக்கும் கை |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/11/29234855/actor-rajini--act-in-kai-koduk.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030123954/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/11/29234855/actor-rajini--act-in-kai-koduk.html |archive-date=30 October 2014 |access-date=4 March 2014 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> When [[Revathi]] was approached by Mahendran to portray the blind girl Seetha, she accepted after being impressed by the script. In preparation for portraying the character, she walked around her house blindfolded.{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=110}} This is the feature film debut of [[Chinni Jayanth]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=23 March 2006 |title=Chinne Jayanth: setting new trends in television |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/23/stories/2006032315650200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528231417/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/23/stories/2006032315650200.htm |archive-date=28 May 2008 |access-date=28 June 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>


== Release and reception ==
Revathi refused to expose her skin for the scene where Seetha is raped; respecting her wishes, Mahendran shot the scene "with care", prioritising Revathi's comfort.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Akshaya |date=9 February 2018 |title=Make a scene, women |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/make-a-scene-women/article22701042.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201164610/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/make-a-scene-women/article22701042.ece |archive-date=1 December 2019 |access-date=21 October 2021 |work=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> Vijayakumar claimed he was not satisfied with the climax as he felt fans would not accept Seetha getting raped, but Mahendran refused to change the climax that the original film had.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 June 2007 |title=கை கொடுக்கும் கை பட கிளைமாக்ஸ் |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/25234520/1214842/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822092638/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/25234520/1214842/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |archive-date=22 August 2019 |access-date=4 March 2014 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> Mahendran, in his autobiography ''Cinemavum Naanum'', countered that the producer and financier insisted to have that scene in the end and was forced to keep it.{{sfn|Mahendran|2013|p=246}} A duet sequence had to be included in the film due to pressure from others.<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Venkadesan |date=12 December 2012 |title=He could have missed out on his favourite film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/dec/12/he-could-have-missed-out-on-his-favourite-film-433065.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163037/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/dec/12/he-could-have-missed-out-on-his-favourite-film-433065.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=30 January 2020 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
''Kai Kodukkum Kai'' was released on 15 June 1984.<ref name=MM1 /> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said the film "teetered between Rajini-ism and Mahendran-ism".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/mahendran-tribute-baradwaj-rangan-rajinikanth-mullum-malarum-johny/ |title=Tribute: J Mahendran, Who Began His Directing Career With The Rajinikanth-starring 'Mullum Malarum' |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |authorlink=Baradwaj Rangan |date=2 April 2019 |website=[[Film Companion]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822093046/https://www.filmcompanion.in/mahendran-tribute-baradwaj-rangan-rajinikanth-mullum-malarum-johny/ |archive-date=22 August 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref>


== Soundtrack ==
== Soundtrack ==
The film's soundtrack and background score was composed by Ilaiyaraja while lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], [[Pulamaipithan]], [[Na. Kamarasan]] and [[Gangai Amaran]].<ref name=MM1 /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mio.to/album/Kai+Kodukkum+Kai+%281984%29 |title=Kai Kodukkum Kai (1984) |website=Music India Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822092932/https://mio.to/album/Kai+Kodukkum+Kai+%281984%29 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref>
The soundtrack and score were composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kai Kodukkum Kai (1984) |url=https://mio.to/album/Kai+Kodukkum+Kai+%281984%29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822092932/https://mio.to/album/Kai+Kodukkum+Kai+%281984%29 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |access-date=22 August 2019 |website=Music India Online}}</ref> The song "Azaghu Sirichathilay" song is not available in the original EP record.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaikodukkum Kai Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/kaikodukkum-kai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021090710/https://mossymart.com/product/kaikodukkum-kai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
{{Track listing
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
| headline = Track listing
|-
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| 1 || "Aaththa Peththaale" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 04:28
| title1 = Thaazham Poove Vaasam
|-
| lyrics1 = [[Pulamaipithan]]
| 2 || "Kannukkulle Yaaro" || [[S. P. Sailaja]], [[P. Susheela]] || Na. Kamarasan || 04:20
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| length1 = 4:13
| 3 || "Thaazham Poove Vaasam" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]] || [[Pulamaipithan]] || 04:13
| title2 = Paattha Padichapulle
|-
| lyrics2 = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| 4 || "Paattha Padichapulle" || [[S. Janaki]], Saibaba || [[Gangai Amaran]] || 04:08
| extra2 = S. Janaki, Saibaba
|}
| length2 = 4:08
| title3 = Kannukkulle Yaaro
| lyrics3 = [[Na. Kamarasan]]
| extra3 = [[S. P. Sailaja]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length3 = 4:20
| title4 = Aaththa Peththaale
| lyrics4 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra4 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length4 = 4:28
| title5 = Azaghu Sirichathilay
| lyrics5 = [[Yaar Kannan|Madukkur Kannan]]
| extra5 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| length5 = 4:03
| total_length = 21:12
}}
 
== Release and reception ==
''Kai Kodukkum Kai'' was released on 15 June 1984.{{sfn|Mahendran|2013|p=344}} ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said the film "teetered between Rajini-ism and Mahendran-ism".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=2 April 2019 |title=Tribute: J Mahendran, Who Began His Directing Career With The Rajinikanth-starring 'Mullum Malarum' |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/tribute-j-mahendran-who-began-his-directing-career-with-the-rajinikanth-starring-mullum-malarum/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611191756/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/tribute-j-mahendran-who-began-his-directing-career-with-the-rajinikanth-starring-mullum-malarum/ |archive-date=11 June 2020 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> Similar comments were made by ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 July 1984 |title=கை கொடுக்கும் கை |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1984/jul/01-07-1984/p62.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220731032939/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1984/jul/01-07-1984/p62.jpg |archive-date=31 July 2022 |access-date=8 March 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=62 |language=ta}}</ref> The film ran for over 100 days in theatres became successful venture<ref name="MM1" />https://web.archive.org/web/20141030123954/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/11/29234855/actor-rajini--act-in-kai-koduk.html


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Mahendran |author-link=Mahendran (filmmaker) |title=சினிமாவும் நானும் |publisher=Karpagam Publications |year=2013 |language=ta |trans-title=Cinema and I |oclc=54777094 |orig-date=2004}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-14-342111-5 |location=New Delhi |orig-date=2012}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0235509}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{J. Mahendran}}
{{J. Mahendran}}


[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1984 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1984 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:Features based on short films]]
[[Category:Films about blind people in India]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahendran (filmmaker)]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahendran (filmmaker)]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:1980s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Mahendran (filmmaker)]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Mahendran (filmmaker)]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Latest revision as of 10:45, 3 March 2026


Kai Kodukkum Kai
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMahendran
Produced by
Screenplay byMahendran
Story byEeswarachandra
Starring
Music byIlaiyaraaja
CinematographyAshok Kumar
Edited by
Production
company
Sri Raghavendraas
Release date
  • 15 June 1984 (1984-06-15)
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Kai Kodukkum Kai (transl. Helping Hand) is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by Mahendran, starring Rajinikanth and Revathi. It is an extended version of Munithayi written by Eeswarachandra – the third segment of the 1976 Kannada anthology film Katha Sangama. Rajnikanth, who played the antagonist in Munithayi, played the lead role in this film. The film was produced by Vijayakumar and R. Vijayachandran. It was released on 15 June 1984.

Plot[edit | edit source]

Kaalimuthu marries Seetha, the girl he loves after much denial from his elder brother. Seetha is blind and is raped by a Pannaiyar who has a weakness for women and addiction to sex. The Pannaiyar, even though married, lusts after looking at Seetha and rapes her in the absence of Kaalimuthu, her husband. The climax is an interesting twist as to what happens when Kaalimuthu decides to forgive the Pannaiyar for his crime.

Cast[edit | edit source]

Production[edit | edit source]

Actor Vijayakumar decided to produce a film with Rajinikanth as the lead actor. Rajinikanth suggested Mahendran be the director. The film was an extended version of Munithayi, the third segment of the 1975 Kannada anthology film Katha Sangama. Rajinikanth, who played the antagonist in Munithayi, played the lead in this film. Mahendran wrote the screenplay with slight changes in the script like having a different ending.[2][3] When Revathi was approached by Mahendran to portray the blind girl Seetha, she accepted after being impressed by the script. In preparation for portraying the character, she walked around her house blindfolded.[4] This is the feature film debut of Chinni Jayanth.[5]

Revathi refused to expose her skin for the scene where Seetha is raped; respecting her wishes, Mahendran shot the scene "with care", prioritising Revathi's comfort.[6] Vijayakumar claimed he was not satisfied with the climax as he felt fans would not accept Seetha getting raped, but Mahendran refused to change the climax that the original film had.[7] Mahendran, in his autobiography Cinemavum Naanum, countered that the producer and financier insisted to have that scene in the end and was forced to keep it.[8] A duet sequence had to be included in the film due to pressure from others.[9]

Soundtrack[edit | edit source]

The soundtrack and score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja.[10] The song "Azaghu Sirichathilay" song is not available in the original EP record.[11]

Track listing
No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Thaazham Poove Vaasam"PulamaipithanS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki4:13
2."Paattha Padichapulle"Gangai AmaranS. Janaki, Saibaba4:08
3."Kannukkulle Yaaro"Na. KamarasanS. P. Sailaja, P. Susheela4:20
4."Aaththa Peththaale"VaaliMalaysia Vasudevan4:28
5."Azaghu Sirichathilay"Madukkur KannanIlaiyaraaja4:03
Total length:21:12

Release and reception[edit | edit source]

Kai Kodukkum Kai was released on 15 June 1984.[12] Ananda Vikatan said the film "teetered between Rajini-ism and Mahendran-ism".[13] Similar comments were made by Kalki.[14] The film ran for over 100 days in theatres became successful venture[3]https://web.archive.org/web/20141030123954/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/11/29234855/actor-rajini--act-in-kai-koduk.html

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Ramachandran 2014, p. 111.
  2. ↑ Mahendran 2013, pp. 245-246.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "கன்னடத்தில் இருந்து தமிழுக்கு வந்த கை கொடுக்கும் கை". Maalai Malar (in Tamil). 29 November 2007. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ↑ Ramachandran 2014, p. 110.
  5. ↑ Ashok Kumar, S. R. (23 March 2006). "Chinne Jayanth: setting new trends in television". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  6. ↑ Pillai, Akshaya (9 February 2018). "Make a scene, women". Business Line. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  7. ↑ "கை கொடுக்கும் கை பட கிளைமாக்ஸ்". Maalai Malar (in Tamil). 10 June 2007. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ↑ Mahendran 2013, p. 246.
  9. ↑ S, Venkadesan (12 December 2012). "He could have missed out on his favourite film". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  10. ↑ "Kai Kodukkum Kai (1984)". Music India Online. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  11. ↑ "Kaikodukkum Kai Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja". Mossymart. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  12. ↑ Mahendran 2013, p. 344.
  13. ↑ Rangan, Baradwaj (2 April 2019). "Tribute: J Mahendran, Who Began His Directing Career With The Rajinikanth-starring 'Mullum Malarum'". Film Companion. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  14. ↑ "கை கொடுக்கும் கை". Kalki (in தமிழ்). 1 July 1984. p. 62. Retrieved 8 March 2022.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

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