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{{Muhammad|names}} | {{Muhammad|names}} | ||
The '''names and titles of Muhammad''',<ref name="seekerofthesacredknowledge">{{cite news |url=http://www.seekerofthesacredknowledge.wordpress.com/2012/01/20/names-of-prophet-muhammad-peace-upon-him/|title=Names and Titles of Prophet Muhammad|publisher=Journey of a Seeker Of Sacred Knowledge|date=January 20, 2012|access-date=January 18, 2013}}</ref> '''names and attributes of Muhammad'''<ref name="lastprophet">{{cite news |last=Yeniterzi|first=Emine|url=http://www.lastprophet.info/the-names-and-attributes-of-prophet-muhammad-in-divan-literature|title=The Names and Attributes of Prophet Muhammad in Divine Literature|publisher=Last Prophet|access-date=January 18, 2013}}</ref>''', Names of Muhammad''' ({{ | The '''names and titles of Muhammad''',<ref name="seekerofthesacredknowledge">{{cite news |url=http://www.seekerofthesacredknowledge.wordpress.com/2012/01/20/names-of-prophet-muhammad-peace-upon-him/ |author=Faqir |title=Names and Titles of Prophet Muhammad|publisher=Journey of a Seeker Of Sacred Knowledge|date=January 20, 2012|access-date=January 18, 2013}}</ref> '''names and attributes of Muhammad'''<ref name="lastprophet">{{cite news |last=Yeniterzi|first=Emine|url=http://www.lastprophet.info/the-names-and-attributes-of-prophet-muhammad-in-divan-literature |date=June 13, 2013 |title=The Names and Attributes of Prophet Muhammad in Divine Literature|publisher=Last Prophet|access-date=January 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117230816/http://www.lastprophet.info/the-names-and-attributes-of-prophet-muhammad-in-divan-literature |archive-date= Jan 17, 2014 }}</ref>''', Names of Muhammad''' ({{langx|ar|أسماء النبي|Asmā’u n-Nabiyy}}) are the titles of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]] and used by [[Muslims]], where 88 of them are commonly known, but also countless names which are found mainly in the [[Quran]] and [[hadith]] literature. The Quran addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; [[Prophets in Islam|prophet]], [[Apostle (Islam)|messenger]], servant (''abd'') of [[God in Islam|God]]. | ||
==Names== | ==Names== | ||
=== Muhammad === | === Muhammad === | ||
The [[Muhammad (name)|name ''Muhammad'']] ({{IPAc-en|m|ʊ|ˈ|h|æ|m|ə|d|,_|-|ˈ|h|ɑː|m|ə|d}})<ref> | The [[Muhammad (name)|name ''Muhammad'']] ({{IPAc-en|m|ʊ|ˈ|h|æ|m|ə|d|,_|-|ˈ|h|ɑː|m|ə|d}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muhammad |title=Muhammad |website=Dictionary.com |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151230095637/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muhammad |archive-date= Dec 30, 2015 }}</ref> means "praiseworthy" and appears four times in the Quran.<ref>Jean-Louis Déclais, ''Names of the Prophet'', [[Encyclopedia of the Quran]]</ref><ref>{{qref|3|144|b=y}}''Muhammad'' is only a messenger: many Were the messenger that passed away before him.</ref><ref>{{qref|33|40|b=y}}''Muhammad'' is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of God, and the Seal of the Prophets: and God has full knowledge of all things.</ref><ref>{{qref|47|2|b=y}}But those who believe and work deeds of righteousness, and believe in the (Revelation) sent down to ''Muhammad'' – for it is the Truth from their Lord, – He will remove from them their ills and improve their condition.</ref><ref>{{qref|48|29|b=y}}''Muhammad'' is the messenger of God; and those who are with him are strong against disbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst each other.</ref> Chapter [[Surah]] 47 of the Quran is "[[Muhammad (surah)|Muhammad]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Quran (Chapter 47)|url=http://quran.com/47}}</ref> The name Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim,<ref name="auto">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad Muhammad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209125352/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad|date=9 February 2017}} [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] Retrieved 15 February 2017</ref> begins with the ''[[Kunya (Arabic)|kunya]]''<ref>[[S. D. Goitein|Goitein, S.D.]] (1967) – [https://books.google.com/books?id=g13-owKVXY4C&pg A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume 1] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122105439/https://books.google.com/books?id=g13-owKVXY4C&pg|date=22 January 2018}} p. 357. [[University of California Press]] {{ISBN|0-520-22158-3}} Retrieved 17 February 2017</ref> Abū, or, ''father of''.<ref>Ward, K. (2008) – [https://books.google.com/books?id=_HYiqv333C8C&pgExpressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122105439/https://books.google.com/books?id=_HYiqv333C8C&pgExpressing|date=22 January 2018}} p. 221, [[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] {{ISBN|981-230-851-2}} Retrieved 17 February 2017</ref> | ||
The Quran also refers to Muhammad as ''[[Ahmad]]'', "more praiseworthy" ({{ | The Quran also refers to Muhammad as ''[[Ahmad]]'', "more praiseworthy" ({{langx|ar|أحمد}}).<ref name="IEQ1">{{cite book |editor1-last=Iqbal|editor1-first=Muzaffar |title=Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an |date=2013 |publisher=Center for Islamic Sciences |isbn=978-1-926620-00-8 |page=33 |volume=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Critical Thinking – A World View|url=http://voicesofthefaceless.com/2012/04/15/muhammad-only-mentioned-4-times-in-the-quran-whats-up-with-that/}}</ref> The penultimate prophet in Islam, [[Jesus in Islam|Isa ibn Maryam]] also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad in the Sura [[As-Saff]].<ref>{{qref|61|6|b=y}} And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: "O Children of Israel! I am the messenger of God (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be ''Ahmad''.".</ref> | ||
Muhammad is also referred to as ''Hamid'', or "Praiser (of God)" ({{ | Muhammad is also referred to as ''Hamid'', or "Praiser (of God)" ({{langx|ar|حامد}}), and as Mahmud, or "Most Highly Praised" ({{langx|ar|محمود}}).<ref name="seekerofthesacredknowledge" /> | ||
==Titles== | ==Titles== | ||
Muhammad is often referenced with these titles or epithets: | Muhammad is often referenced with these titles or epithets: | ||
*[[Seal of the prophets]] ({{ | *[[Seal of the prophets]] ({{langx|ar|خاتم النبيين|translit=Khātam al-Nabiyyīn}}) <ref>{{qref|33|40|b=y}}</ref><ref name="Ernst">Ernst (2004), p. 80</ref> | ||
*[[Prophets and messengers in Islam|The Prophet]], ({{ | *[[Prophets and messengers in Islam|The Prophet]], ({{langx|ar|أَلْنَّبِيّ|an-Nabī}}), also, the Prophet of Prophets. | ||
*[[Rasūl|Messenger of God]], ({{ | *[[Rasūl|Messenger of God]], ({{langx|ar|رسول الله|Rasūl’Allāh}}) | ||
*The Beloved ({{ | *The Beloved ({{langx|ar|الحَبِيبُ|al-Ḥabīb}}) or ''The Beloved of God'' ({{langx|ar|حَبِيبُ اللهِ|Ḥabīb Allāh}}) | ||
*The Chosen or The Appointed ({{ | *The Chosen or The Appointed ({{langx|ar|المُصْطَفَى|al-Muṣṭafā}})<ref>{{qref|22|75|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*The Genuine, The Trustworthy, or The Faithful ({{ | *The Genuine, The Trustworthy, or The Faithful ({{langx|ar|الأَمِينُ|al-Amīn}})<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|4|52|237}}</ref> | ||
*The Honest, The Righteous, or The Truthful ({{ | *The Honest, The Righteous, or The Truthful ({{langx|ar|الصِّدِّيقُ|as-Ṣiddīq}})<ref>{{qref|33|22|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*Kind, Compassionate, or Affectionate ({{ | *Kind, Compassionate, or Affectionate ({{langx|ar|رَءُوف|Raʾūf}})<ref>{{qref|9|128|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*Model (of Conduct, Merit, or Virtue) ({{ | *Model (of Conduct, Merit, or Virtue) ({{langx|ar|أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَة|Uswatun Ḥasanah}})<ref>{{qref|68|4|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*The Perfect ({{ | *The Perfect ({{langx|ar|أَلْكَامِل|al-Kāmil}})<ref name="muslimphilosophy">{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H022.htm#H022SECT4|title=Ibn al-'Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164–1240)|publisher=Muslim Philosophy|access-date=January 18, 2013}} 4. The 'perfect man' and the Muhammadan reality</ref> | ||
*The Best of Mankind ({{ | *The Best of Mankind ({{langx|ar|خَيْرُ البَشَرِ|Khayr al-Bashar}}) | ||
*Mercy to the Worlds ({{ | *Mercy to the Worlds ({{langx|ar|الرَّحْمَةُ لِلْعَالَمِينَ|ar-Raḥmah lil-ʿĀlamīn}})<ref>{{qref|21|107|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''al-Mubashir'', "The Bearer of Good Tidings"<ref name="Quran">{{qref|11|2|b=y}}</ref> | *''al-Mubashir'', "The Bearer of Good Tidings"<ref name="Quran">{{qref|11|2|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''an-Nadhir'', "The Warner"<ref name="Quran" /> | *''an-Nadhir'', "The Warner"<ref name="Quran" /> | ||
*''al-Mudhakkir'', "The Reminder"<ref>{{qref|88|21|b=y}}</ref> | *''al-Mudhakkir'', "The Reminder"<ref>{{qref|88|21|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Dawah|ad-Dā‘ī]]'', "The One Who Calls (unto God)"<ref>{{qref|12|108|b=y}}</ref> | *''[[Dawah|ad-Dā‘ī]]'', "The One Who Calls (unto God)"<ref>{{qref|12|108|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Bashir|al-Bashir]]'', "The Announcer"<ref>{{qref|2|119|b=y}}</ref> | *''[[Bashir (name)|al-Bashir]]'', "The Announcer"<ref>{{qref|2|119|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Nūr (Islam)|an-Nūr]]'', "The Light Personified"<ref>{{qref|5|15|b=y}}</ref> | *''[[Nūr (Islam)|an-Nūr]]'', "The Light Personified"<ref>{{qref|5|15|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''al-Misbah'', "''The Lamp/ Lantern" (lit. "Bringer of Light – Dawn") – i.e.: ''[[Munir|as-Siraaj al-Muneer]]'', "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"<ref name=":0">{{qref|33|46|b=y}}</ref>'' | *''al-Misbah'', "''The Lamp/ Lantern" (lit. "Bringer of Light – Dawn") – i.e.: ''[[Munir|as-Siraaj al-Muneer]]'', "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"<ref name=":0">{{qref|33|46|b=y}}</ref>'' | ||
*''as-Siraaj'', "The Lamp/ Lantern" – i.e.: ''[[Munir|as-Siraaj al-Muneer]]'', "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"<ref name=":0" /> | *''as-Siraaj'', "The Lamp/ Lantern" – i.e.: ''[[Munir|as-Siraaj al-Muneer]]'', "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"<ref name=":0" /> | ||
*''[[Nimatullah (disambiguation)|Ni‘mat-Ullah]]'', "The Divine Favour"<ref>{{qref|16|83|b=y}}</ref> | *''[[Nimatullah (disambiguation)|Ni‘mat-Ullah]]'', "The Divine Favour"<ref>{{qref|16|83|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''al-Ummiyy'', "The | *''al-Ummiyy'', "The Untaught", i.e.: ''An-Nabiyyu l-Ummiyy'', "The Prophet who was untaught by human race"<ref>{{qref|7|157-158|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''al-'Aqib'', "The Last (Prophet)"<ref>{{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|4|1859}}</ref><ref name="Hadith">{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|4|56|732}}</ref> | *''al-'Aqib'', "The Last (Prophet)"<ref>{{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|4|1859}}</ref><ref name="Hadith">{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|4|56|732}}</ref> | ||
*''al-Mutawakkil'', "The One who Puts his Trust (in God)"<ref>{{qref|9|129|b=y}}</ref> | *''al-Mutawakkil'', "The One who Puts his Trust (in God)"<ref>{{qref|9|129|b=y}}</ref> | ||
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*''al-Hashir'', "The Gatherer (First to be Resurrected) on the Day of Judgement"<ref name="Hadith" /><ref>{{qref|2|119|q=}}</ref> | *''al-Hashir'', "The Gatherer (First to be Resurrected) on the Day of Judgement"<ref name="Hadith" /><ref>{{qref|2|119|q=}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Shafa'ah|al-Shafî`]]'', "The Intercessor"<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|9|93|601|}}</ref><ref>{{qref|3|159|b=y}}{{qref|4|64|b=y}}{{qref|60|12|b=y}}</ref> | *''[[Shafa'ah|al-Shafî`]]'', "The Intercessor"<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|9|93|601|}}</ref><ref>{{qref|3|159|b=y}}{{qref|4|64|b=y}}{{qref|60|12|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Karim|Kareem]]'', Noble and Generous ({{ | *''[[Karim|Kareem]]'', Noble and Generous ({{langx|ar|كريمٍ}}),<ref>{{qref|69|40|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Shahid|Shahid/Shahed]]'' ({{ | *''[[Shahid|Shahid/Shahed]]'' ({{langx|ar| شَاهِدًا}}), A Witness<ref>{{qref|33|45|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''al-Mushaffa`'', The One Whose Intercession Shall be Granted<ref>{{qref|19|87|b=y}}{{qref|20|109|b=y}}</ref> | *''al-Mushaffa`'', The One Whose Intercession Shall be Granted<ref>{{qref|19|87|b=y}}{{qref|20|109|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''al-[[Mujtaba]]'', The Chosen ({{ | *''al-[[Mujtaba]]'', The Chosen ({{langx|ar|اَلْـمُـجْـتَـبَى}})<ref name="QN, Al-Mujtaba">{{cite web |publisher=quranicnames.com |title=Mujtaba, A Quranic Name for Boys |url=http://quranicnames.com/mujtaba/ |access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Abdullah (name)|‘Abd’Allah]]'', Servant of God<ref>{{qref|25|1|b=y}}</ref> | *''[[Abdullah (name)|‘Abd’Allah]]'', Servant of God<ref>{{qref|25|1|b=y}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Akhir]]'', 'The Final, that is, the final prophet,<ref>Muhammad and Christ, Maulana Muhammad Ali – 2011</ref> "''Last Messenger"''<ref>Muhammad The Messenger of God: M. Fethullah Gülen – 2014</ref> | *''[[Akhir]]'', 'The Final, that is, the final prophet,<ref>Muhammad and Christ, Maulana Muhammad Ali – 2011</ref> "''Last Messenger"''<ref>Muhammad The Messenger of God: M. Fethullah Gülen – 2014</ref> | ||
*''al-Amin'', "The Reliable One"<ref>{{cite book |last= Armstrong|first=Karen |author-link= Karen Armstrong|date=2013 |title=[[Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time]] |url= |location= |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |page=18 |chapter=Chapter One: Mecca |isbn= 9780062316837}}</ref> | |||
Muhammad is sometimes addressed by designations deriving from his state at the time of the address: thus he is referred to as the enwrapped (''[[Al-Muzzammil]]'') in Quran {{qref|73|1}} and the shrouded (''[[Al-Muddathir|al-muddaththir]]'') in Quran {{qref|74|1}}.<ref name="EoQ-Muhammad">Uri Rubin, ''Muhammad'', [[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]]</ref> | Muhammad is sometimes addressed by designations deriving from his state at the time of the address: thus he is referred to as the enwrapped (''[[Al-Muzzammil]]'') in Quran {{qref|73|1}} and the shrouded (''[[Al-Muddathir|al-muddaththir]]'') in Quran {{qref|74|1}}.<ref name="EoQ-Muhammad">Uri Rubin, ''Muhammad'', [[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]]</ref> | ||
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He is also known by these epithets: | He is also known by these epithets: | ||
*''Ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib'', descendant of [[Abd al-Muttalib]] | *''Ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib'', descendant of [[Abd al-Muttalib]] | ||
*''Abu ’l-Qasim'' ({{ | *''Abu ’l-Qasim'' ({{langx|ar|أَبـو الـقَـاسـم}}, father of [[Qasim ibn Muhammad]]), a son by his first wife [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]]. | ||
*''Abu ‘Abd’Ullah'', father of [[Abdullah ibn Muhammad]], also a son by Khadija. | *''Abu ‘Abd’Ullah'', father of [[Abdullah ibn Muhammad]], also a son by Khadija. | ||
*''Abu Ibrahim'', father of [[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad]], a son by [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]]. | *''Abu Ibrahim'', father of [[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad]], a son by [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]]. | ||
*''Abu ’t-Tahir'', father of the Pure | *''Abu ’t-Tahir'', father of the Pure | ||
*''Abu ’t-Tayyib'', father of the Pleasant | *''Abu ’t-Tayyib'', father of the Pleasant | ||
*''Huzur Akram'' ({{langx|ur|حضور اکرم}} {{langx|hi|हुज़ूर अकरम}}), the Most Generous Presence, the Noble Beloved, the Glorious Beloved | |||
*''Huzur'' ({{langx|ur|حضور}} {{langx|hi|हुज़ूर}}), the Presence | |||
In Iran, Central Asia and South Asia, Turkey and the [[Balkans]], he is often called [[Hadrat]] (His Presence or His Holiness) {{ | In Iran, Central Asia and South Asia, Turkey and the [[Balkans]], he is often called [[Hadrat]] (His Presence or His Holiness) {{langx|ar|حضرت|ḥadhrat}}) or Messenger ({{langx|fa|پيغمبر|peygamber}}).<ref>{{cite book |title=Islamic Names: An Introduction (Islamic Surveys) |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |year=1990 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-85224-563-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicnames00schi/page/30 30] |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicnames00schi/page/30 |url-access=registration }}</ref> | ||
Islamic scholars strongly emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Muhammad, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase [[peace be upon him (Islam)|"peace be upon him"]], often abbreviated to PBUH or SAW, from {{ | Islamic scholars strongly emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Muhammad, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase [[peace be upon him (Islam)|"peace be upon him"]], often abbreviated to PBUH or SAW, from {{langx|ar|صلى الله عليه وسلم|sallallahu alayhe wasallam}} or written ﷺ. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist | {{Reflist}} | ||
== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
Latest revision as of 18:43, 28 February 2026
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The names and titles of Muhammad,[1] names and attributes of Muhammad[2], Names of Muhammad (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) are the titles of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and used by Muslims, where 88 of them are commonly known, but also countless names which are found mainly in the Quran and hadith literature. The Quran addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant (abd) of God.
Names[edit | edit source]
Muhammad[edit | edit source]
The name Muhammad (/mʊˈhæməd, -ˈhɑːməd/)[3] means "praiseworthy" and appears four times in the Quran.[4][5][6][7][8] Chapter Surah 47 of the Quran is "Muhammad".[9] The name Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim,[10] begins with the kunya[11] Abū, or, father of.[12]
The Quran also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad, "more praiseworthy" (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.).[13][14] The penultimate prophet in Islam, Isa ibn Maryam also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad in the Sura As-Saff.[15] Muhammad is also referred to as Hamid, or "Praiser (of God)" (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), and as Mahmud, or "Most Highly Praised" (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.).[1]
Titles[edit | edit source]
Muhammad is often referenced with these titles or epithets:
- Seal of the prophets (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) [16][17]
- The Prophet, (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), also, the Prophet of Prophets.
- Messenger of God, (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)
- The Beloved (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) or The Beloved of God (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)
- The Chosen or The Appointed (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[18]
- The Genuine, The Trustworthy, or The Faithful (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[19]
- The Honest, The Righteous, or The Truthful (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[20]
- Kind, Compassionate, or Affectionate (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[21]
- Model (of Conduct, Merit, or Virtue) (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[22]
- The Perfect (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[23]
- The Best of Mankind (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)
- Mercy to the Worlds (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[24]
- al-Mubashir, "The Bearer of Good Tidings"[25]
- an-Nadhir, "The Warner"[25]
- al-Mudhakkir, "The Reminder"[26]
- ad-Dā‘ī, "The One Who Calls (unto God)"[27]
- al-Bashir, "The Announcer"[28]
- an-Nūr, "The Light Personified"[29]
- al-Misbah, "The Lamp/ Lantern" (lit. "Bringer of Light – Dawn") – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"[30]
- as-Siraaj, "The Lamp/ Lantern" – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"[30]
- Ni‘mat-Ullah, "The Divine Favour"[31]
- al-Ummiyy, "The Untaught", i.e.: An-Nabiyyu l-Ummiyy, "The Prophet who was untaught by human race"[32]
- al-'Aqib, "The Last (Prophet)"[33][34]
- al-Mutawakkil, "The One who Puts his Trust (in God)"[35]
- al-Mahi, "The Remover (of Disbelief)"[36]
- al-Hanif, "The One of Primordial Religion"
- Nâbîyyu at-Tawbah, "The Prophet of Penitence"
- al-Mu`azzaz, "The Strengthened One, the One Made Invulnerable"
- al-Muwaqqar, "Held in Awe"
- al-Fatih, "The Opener"
- al-Hashir, "The Gatherer (First to be Resurrected) on the Day of Judgement"[34][37]
- al-Shafî`, "The Intercessor"[38][39]
- Kareem, Noble and Generous (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.),[40]
- Shahid/Shahed (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), A Witness[41]
- al-Mushaffa`, The One Whose Intercession Shall be Granted[42]
- al-Mujtaba, The Chosen (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[43]
- ‘Abd’Allah, Servant of God[44]
- Akhir, 'The Final, that is, the final prophet,[45] "Last Messenger"[46]
- al-Amin, "The Reliable One"[47]
Muhammad is sometimes addressed by designations deriving from his state at the time of the address: thus he is referred to as the enwrapped (Al-Muzzammil) in Quran Template:Qref and the shrouded (al-muddaththir) in Quran Template:Qref.[48]
He is also known by these epithets:
- Ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, descendant of Abd al-Muttalib
- Abu ’l-Qasim (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., father of Qasim ibn Muhammad), a son by his first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid.
- Abu ‘Abd’Ullah, father of Abdullah ibn Muhammad, also a son by Khadija.
- Abu Ibrahim, father of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, a son by Maria al-Qibtiyya.
- Abu ’t-Tahir, father of the Pure
- Abu ’t-Tayyib, father of the Pleasant
- Huzur Akram (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), the Most Generous Presence, the Noble Beloved, the Glorious Beloved
- Huzur (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), the Presence
In Iran, Central Asia and South Asia, Turkey and the Balkans, he is often called Hadrat (His Presence or His Holiness) Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) or Messenger (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.).[49]
Islamic scholars strongly emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Muhammad, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase "peace be upon him", often abbreviated to PBUH or SAW, from Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. or written ﷺ.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran
- Islamic honorifics
- Salawat
- Mawlid
- Na`at
- Madih nabawi
- Haḍra
- Dala'il al-Khayrat
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Faqir (January 20, 2012). "Names and Titles of Prophet Muhammad". Journey of a Seeker Of Sacred Knowledge. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ↑ Yeniterzi, Emine (June 13, 2013). "The Names and Attributes of Prophet Muhammad in Divine Literature". Last Prophet. Archived from the original on Jan 17, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ↑ "Muhammad". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on Dec 30, 2015.
- ↑ Jean-Louis Déclais, Names of the Prophet, Encyclopedia of the Quran
- ↑ Template:QrefMuhammad is only a messenger: many Were the messenger that passed away before him.
- ↑ Template:QrefMuhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of God, and the Seal of the Prophets: and God has full knowledge of all things.
- ↑ Template:QrefBut those who believe and work deeds of righteousness, and believe in the (Revelation) sent down to Muhammad – for it is the Truth from their Lord, – He will remove from them their ills and improve their condition.
- ↑ Template:QrefMuhammad is the messenger of God; and those who are with him are strong against disbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst each other.
- ↑ "Quran (Chapter 47)".
- ↑ Muhammad Archived 9 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 15 February 2017
- ↑ Goitein, S.D. (1967) – A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume 1 Archived 22 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine p. 357. University of California Press ISBN 0-520-22158-3 Retrieved 17 February 2017
- ↑ Ward, K. (2008) – Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia Archived 22 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine p. 221, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 981-230-851-2 Retrieved 17 February 2017
- ↑ Iqbal, Muzaffar, ed. (2013). Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an. Vol. 1. Center for Islamic Sciences. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-926620-00-8.
- ↑ "Critical Thinking – A World View".
- ↑ Template:Qref And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: "O Children of Israel! I am the messenger of God (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad.".
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Ernst (2004), p. 80
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:237
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ "Ibn al-'Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164–1240)". Muslim Philosophy. Retrieved January 18, 2013. 4. The 'perfect man' and the Muhammadan reality
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Sahih Muslim, 4:1859
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:56:732
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:56:732
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:93:601
- ↑ Template:QrefTemplate:QrefTemplate:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Template:QrefTemplate:Qref
- ↑ "Mujtaba, A Quranic Name for Boys". quranicnames.com. Retrieved 2017-02-21.
- ↑ Template:Qref
- ↑ Muhammad and Christ, Maulana Muhammad Ali – 2011
- ↑ Muhammad The Messenger of God: M. Fethullah Gülen – 2014
- ↑ Armstrong, Karen (2013). "Chapter One: Mecca". Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time. HarperCollins. p. 18. ISBN 9780062316837.
- ↑ Uri Rubin, Muhammad, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an
- ↑ Schimmel, Annemarie (1990). Islamic Names: An Introduction (Islamic Surveys). Edinburgh University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-85224-563-7.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
Chiabotti, Francesco, Names, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776