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| {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
| | #REDIRECT [[DRDO WhAP]] |
| {{Infobox weapon
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| | name = TATA Kestrel
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| | image = File:WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg
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| | caption = TATA Kestral prototype with BMP-2 turret
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| | image_size = 300
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| | type = Wheeled [[armored personnel carrier]]
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| | is_vehicle = yes
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| | service = 2017-Present
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| | origin = [[India]]
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| | used_by = [[Indian Army]]
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| | manufacturer = [[Tata Advanced Systems|Tata Advanced Systems Limited]]
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| | designer = * [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
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| * [[Tata Advanced Systems|Tata Advanced Systems Limited]]
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| | production_date = 2014-Present
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| | spec_label = TATA Kestrel
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| | crew = 3+ 9 passengers
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| | length = {{convert|7.85|m}}
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| | width = {{convert|3.00|m}}
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| | height = {{convert|2.3|m}}
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| | weight = {{convert|24|tonne}}
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| | armour = Applique and composites along with welded steel
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| | primary_armament = 30mm automatic cannon
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| | secondary_armament = 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun
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| | engine = [[Cummins]] ISXe 600 diesel engine
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| | speed = {{cvt|100|km/h}} on road<br/>{{cvt|10|km/h}} in water
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| | engine_power = 600 Hp @ 1800-2000RPM / 2508nm torque @ 1100-1600RPM
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| | pw_ratio = 23hp/ton
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| | transmission = Allison 4500SP automatic transmission
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| | suspension = Live axle with Independent [[Hydropneumatic suspension]]
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| | vehicle_range = 500km (Onroad) <br /> 250km (Offroad)
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| <!-- For all -->| ref = <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=DRDO|first=Technology Focus|title=WHAP SPECIFICATIONS|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_June_2019_WEB_0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ARS">{{cite web | url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/india_indian_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_uk/kestrel_8x8_amphibious_armoured_vehicle_platform_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html | title=Kestrel 8x8 amphibious armoured vehicle platform technical data sheet specifications pictures video | India Indian army wheeled armoured vehicle UK | India Indian army military equipment vehicle UK }}</ref>
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| | number = 12 Delivered ( 200+ on order)
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| }} | | }} |
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| The '''TATA Kestrel''', also known as the '''IPMV ''' (Infantry Protected Mobility Vehicle), is an armoured personnel carrier family developed by [[Tata Advanced Systems|Tata Advance Systems Limited]] and the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO). It was developed to replace age-old Soviet-era BMPs and APCs in service with the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Adreesh|date=2020-09-10|title=The Tata Kestrel- All You need To Know|url=https://adreesh-ghoshal.medium.com/the-tata-kestrel-all-you-need-to-know-585868961094|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Medium|language=en}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| The Indian Army currently has large fleet of [[BMP-1]]s, [[BMP-2]]s, and various types of APCs of Soviet origin. Over time, these vehicles have become obsolete and incapable of taking on the challenge of modern-day warfare. At the same time many superior designs have evolved in Western nations.So,Tata Motors and DRDO developed this vehicle in partnership with Supacat to meet army requirements.<ref name="BIA">{{cite web | url=https://businessindia.co/magazine/the-indian-army-test-drives-kestrel | title=The Indian army test-drives Kestrel }}</ref>
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| The vehicle was first shown at the Defexpo 2014 convention, showing a Kongsberg PROTECTOR MCT-30R turret and a M151 Remote Weapon station equipped with Javelins.<ref name="ARS"/>
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| In October 2019, the Indian Defence ministry cleared it for production and export to friendly nations. 200 Kestrels are planned by [[Indian Army]]<ref>[https://www.livefistdefence.com/2019/12/and-now-indian-army-wants-200-wheeled-armoured-vehicles-for-pak-border.html And Now, Indian Army Wants 200 Wheeled Armoured Vehicles For Pak Border]</ref>
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| ===Operational history===
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| As tensions continue to escalate between India and China over the de facto Line of Actual Control, DRDO-TATA Kestrel (WhAP) which was till recently in photos only, landed at Ladakh undergoing cold-weather trials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kestrel 8x8 Wheeled Armored Amphibious Platform (WHAP)|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/kestrel.htm|access-date=2021-10-15|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>The first batch of WhAP's were inducted into the army on 12 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2022-04-12 |title=Tata firm hands over indigenously developed infantry vehicles to Army Chief |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tata-firm-hands-over-indigenously-developed-infantry-vehicles-to-army-chief/article65315246.ece |access-date=2022-04-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
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| WhAP is also being delivered to Central Reserve Police Force.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defenceadmin |date=2022-03-29 |title=TATA Kestrel: Forces To Get New Armoured Vehicles As Army Upgrades Mobility |url=https://defenceaviationpost.com/tata-kestrel-forces-to-get-new-armoured-vehicles-as-army-upgrades-mobility/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_march_2022_global_security_army_industry/indian_police_first_to_receive_tata_kestrel_whap_8x8_armoured_vehicles.html | title=Indian police first to receive Tata Kestrel WhAP 8x8 armoured vehicles | Defense News March 2022 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army year 2022 | Archive News year }}</ref>
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| ==Design==
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| Development of WhAP 8 x 8 Amphibious Wheeled Armoured Vehicle was taken up to provide common platform for various vehicle type like Wheeled APC, 30 mm Infantry Combat Vehicle, 105 mm Light Tank, command post vehicle, ambulance, special purpose platform, 120 mm mortar carrier, CBRN Vehicle based on the same chassis of Kestrel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) {{!}} Defence Research and Development Organisation - DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Government of India|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/wheeled-armoured-platform-whap|access-date=2021-10-09|website=www.drdo.gov.in}}</ref>
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| Kestrel is designed for modern day warfare keeping in mind the crew survivability, protection against small arms fire, mobility and protection against concealed explosives. The armour is made up of applique and composites along with welded steels. Additional armour kit can be applied in heavy firing zones. The hull floor is further strengthened to defeat mines and similar explosives. The seats are attached to the roof for improved blast protection. Fuel tanks are placed outside the troop compartment for additional safety.
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| The 8X8 wheel configuration is set on a hydropneumatic suspension utilizing double wishbone arrangement. All wheels have run flat capability to allow the vehicle to move even after suffering punctures. There are four axles, the front axle is steerable which minimizes the turning radius of the vehicle.
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| [[File:WHAP During Defence Expo 2108.jpg|thumb|WHAP undergoing high speed maneuver test.]]
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| The glacis plate is very shallow, and the fuel tank is mounted outside the vehicle to improve survivability. A standard operating crew of two including driver and commander, with a full mechanized squad of 12 members.<ref name=":0"/> Anti-blast seats are installed to absorb any shocks and secondary slams, reducing brain and spinal injuries.<ref name="ARS"/>
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| Engine is placed at front left. Passengers are placed in the centerline in a back-to-back fashion, each facing a [[firing port]].The Kestrel has high [[power-to-weight ratio]] for mountainous terrain and is powered by a 600{{Nbsp}}hp turbocharged diesel engine. The vehicle is fully amphibious, propelled by two waterjets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/kestrel.htm|title=Kestrel Armored Personnel Carrier|publisher=military-today.com|access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref> It can reach up to 100 km/hr.<ref name="BIA"/>
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| The vehicle has been designed to provide protection against land mines. It ranges from Stanag 4569 Level I to Level IV<ref name="ARS"/> with the hull being designed with protection up to Stanag Level III.<ref name="OITK">{{cite web | url=https://www.overdrive.in/news-cars-auto/features/the-tata-kestrel-personnel-carrier/ | title=Tata Kestrel: An armoured, 8×8, amphibious carrier }}</ref> The hull configuration evolved follows a 'V’-type bottom with double configuration consisting of an inner panel and bottom panel. The bottom panel is designed to deflect the blast energy and get deformed to minimize the blast effects.<ref name=":0"/>
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| Snap-on modules are used in the Kestrel in order to easily configure it according to needed roles in the field.<ref name="OITK"/>
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| ===Weapons===
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| The standard turret installation can accommodate a roof-mounted remote controlled [[Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace|Kongsberg]] [[Protector (RWS)|Protector MCT-30R(RWS)]], which is outfitted with a 30{{Nbsp}}mm autocannon.<ref name="ARS"/> It has an effective range of 3,000{{Nbsp}}m. The turret also has a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun.<ref name="ARS"/>
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| The [[RCWS]] adds a heavy 12.7mm machine gun or a 40{{Nbsp}}mm automatic grenade launcher. It also has option for adding up to two anti-tank guided missile launcher in quick fire mode. So, the vehicle is capable of countering enemy infantry, light armoured vehicles even main battle tanks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=699|title=TATA Motors Kestrel - 8x8 Amphibious Armored Fighting Vehicle|publisher=militaryfactory.com|access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref>
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| In the 2016 Defexpo convention, a Kestrel was seen outfitted with the BMP-2 turret.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/u.s._propose_to_india_to_develop_a_new_apc_armoured_personnel_carrier.html|title = U.S. Propose to India to develop a new APC armoured personnel carrier | February 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2018 | Archive News year}}</ref> Its known as the WhAP (Wheeled Amphibious Platform).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/defexpo_2018_india_news_show_daily/new_whap_wheeled_amphibious_platform_8x8_armoured_at_defexpo_2018.html|title = New WhAP Wheeled Amphibious Platform 8x8 armoured at DefExpo 2018 | DefExpo 2018 India News Show Daily | Defence security military exhibition 2018 daily news category}}</ref>
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| ==Variant==
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| Planned variants include ambulance, NBC recon, Command Post and engineer vehicle.<ref name="ARS"/>
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| ==Operators==
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| * {{flag|India}}: Inducted into the Indian Army on 12 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-12 |title=Indigenously developed specialist vehicles inducted into Army by Gen Naravane |url=https://theprint.in/india/indigenously-developed-specialist-vehicles-inducted-into-army-by-gen-naravane/913585/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * {{Official website|https://www.tatamotors.com/product/defence-combat-wheeled-infantry-combat-vehicle-kstrel/}}
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| [[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of India]]
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| [[Category:Tata vehicles]]
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| [[Category:Eight-wheeled vehicles]]
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| [[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s]]
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