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{{Short description|1520 | {{Short description|1520 Mewari military campaign}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
|conflict=Rajput invasion of Gujarat | | conflict = Rajput invasion of Gujarat | ||
|partof= | | partof = | ||
|image= | | image = | ||
|caption= | | caption = | ||
|date=1520 | | date = 1520 | ||
|place=Gujarat, India | | place = [[Gujarat]], India | ||
|territory=Idar given to Rao Rai Mal | | territory = * Northern Gujarat annexed by Sanga | ||
|result=Rajput victory | * Idar conquered by Rana Sanga | ||
|combatant1=[[File:Mewar. | *Idar given to Rao Rai Mal [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] | ||
|combatant2=[[Gujarat Sultanate]] | | result = Rajput victory | ||
|commander1=[[Rana Sanga]]<br/>[[Ganga Rathore of Marwar|Rao Ganga]]<br/>Rawal Udai Singh of Vagad<br/> Rao Viram | | combatant1 = [[File:In mewar-state.png |25px]] [[Kingdom of Mewar]]<ref>{{Cite book |author=R.C Majumdar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ|title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: Volume 6|date=1960|publisher=Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan|pages=344|quote= Mewar were considerably extended. On the north, they were pushed up as far as the Bayana River. In the east, Raisen, Sarangpur, Bhilsa, Kalpi and Chanderi, were included within her territories. In the south, Dungarpur and Banswara were held by a vassal, and her frontiers ran far into the heart of Malwa. To the south-west, Sirohi was ruled by the Rana’s son-in-law. Even the chiefs of Marwar and Amber, according to Tod, acknowledged his allegiance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=R.V Somani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D|date=1976|publisher=Mateshwari Publications|pages=39–40|quote= The Mewar army proceeded towards Sirohi and collected necessary tribute from its ruler. The Sultan of Gujrat, when heard the advancement of Maharana, was desitous of sending reinforcement* at Idar, But some of his Ministers being inimical to Mubarize ul-Mulk refrained the Sultan from sending his army. The Maharana then proceeded towards Dungarpur, the ruler of which place also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk, wrote the account of these developments to the Sultan, But at this time also the Ministers misrepresented the facts and reinforcement could not be sent at Idar. The Maharana acting energetically came down swiftly upon dar with immense army consisting of more than 40,000 cavalry, By this time, Rao Ganga of Jodhpur and Biramdeva Medatiya also joined him with 7 and 6 thousand cavalry respectively}}</ref><br />'''Vassal states'''{{bulleted list|[[Kingdom of Marwar]]|[[Idar State]]|Kingdom of [[Vagad]]}} | ||
|commander2=[[Muzaffar Shah II]]<br/>Nizam Khan-ul-mulk{{WIA}} | | combatant2 = [[Gujarat Sultanate]] | ||
|strength1= | | commander1 = [[Rana Sanga]]<br/>[[Ganga Rathore of Marwar|Rao Ganga]]<br/>Ajja Jhala<br/>Rawal Udai Singh of Vagad<br/>Rao Viram deo [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] of Merta<br/>Rai Mal [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]]<br/>[[Haridas Kesaria]] | ||
|strength2= | | commander2 = [[Muzaffar Shah II]]<br/>Nizam Khan-ul-mulk{{WIA}} | ||
| strength1 = '''Total: 53,000 cavalry'''<ref>{{Cite book |author=R.V Somani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D|date=1976|publisher=Mateshwari Publications|pages=39–40|quote= The Mewar army proceeded towards Sirohi and collected necessary tribute from its ruler. The Sultan of Gujrat, when heard the advancement of Maharana, was desitous of sending reinforcement* at Idar, But some of his Ministers being inimical to Mubarize ul-Mulk refrained the Sultan from sending his army. The Maharana then proceeded towards Dungarpur, the ruler of which place also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk, wrote the account of these developments to the Sultan, But at this time also the Ministers misrepresented the facts and reinforcement could not be sent at Idar. The Maharana acting energetically came down swiftly upon dar with immense army consisting of more than 40,000 cavalry, By this time, Rao Ganga of Jodhpur and Biramdeva Medatiya also joined him with 7 and 6 thousand cavalry respectively}}</ref> | |||
<br> | |||
<hr>{{Bullet list|40,000 from Mewar|7,000 from Marwar|6,000 from Vagad}} | |||
| strength2 = Unknown | |||
}} | |||
In 1520 [[Rana Sanga]], the [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of [[Kingdom of Mewar|Mewar]], led [[Rajput]] armies of [[Kingdom of Mewar]] and its vassal states to invade the [[Gujarat Sultanate]]. He reinstated Raimal [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] as the Rao of [[Idar State|Idar]] and defeated the Gujarat forces under the command of Nizam Khan. Rana Sanga drove the army of [[Muzaffar Shah II|Muzaffar II]] deep into Gujarat and chased them up to [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name=GJ>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan|chapter=The State of Mewar, AD 1500 - AD 1600|publisher=Rupa & Company|year=2006|isbn=9788129108906|pages=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Muzaffar+II|access-date=2020-09-16}}</ref> The Sultan of Gujarat was forced to flee to [[Champaner|Muhammadabad]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich Maharana Sanga] by Har Bilas Sarda</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2018}}<ref>{{cite book |author=J. Chaube|title=History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m94BAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=147|isbn=978-0-88386-573-6 }}</ref> After a series of successful military campaigns Sanga successfully captured Northern Gujarat.<ref name="Majumdar">{{Cite book |editor-first=R. C.|editor-last=Majumdar|editor-link=R. C. Majumdar|url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06, The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan }}</ref>{{pn|date=September 2024}} | |||
In 1520 | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| Line 26: | Line 29: | ||
==Battle== | ==Battle== | ||
Upon knowing of the invasion, Rana Sanga immediately came to the support of Raimal and a battle was fought in Idar where the Sultans forces were defeated by the | Upon knowing of the invasion, Rana Sanga immediately came to the support of Raimal [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] and started with 40,000 cavalry from Chittorgarh. He first went towards Sirohi whose ruler paid necessary tribute to the Maharana. When Sultan of Gujarat came to know about the developments happened above. He tried to send reinforcements but he was stopped by his nobles who were anxious of Mubariz-ul-Mulk, then holding Idar for Gujarat Sultanate. Next, Maharana's army reached Dungarpur whose ruler also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk wrote letter to Sultan asking for counterattack and also informing him about the present situation. However, nobles mis-interpreted the fact and stopped Sultan from taking necessary action. Then a battle was fought in Idar where the Sultans forces were defeated by the Maharana. Idar was captured and forces of Marwar and Vagad under their respective Kings Rao Ganga Rathore and Biramdeva Medatiya with 7000 and 6,000 cavalry each joined him.<ref>{{Cite book |author=R.V Somani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D|date=1976|publisher=Mateshwari Publications|pages=39–40|quote= The Mewar army proceeded towards Sirohi and collected necessary tribute from its ruler. The Sultan of Gujrat, when heard the advancement of Maharana, was desitous of sending reinforcement* at Idar, But some of his Ministers being inimical to Mubarize ul-Mulk refrained the Sultan from sending his army. The Maharana then proceeded towards Dungarpur, the ruler of which place also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk, wrote the account of these developments to the Sultan, But at this time also the Ministers misrepresented the facts and reinforcement could not be sent at Idar. The Maharana acting energetically came down swiftly upon dar with immense army consisting of more than 40,000 cavalry, By this time, Rao Ganga of Jodhpur and Biramdeva Medatiya also joined him with 7 and 6 thousand cavalry respectively}}</ref> Gujarat army were pushed back as far as Ahmedabad which was put to siege and looted. Mewari army plundered and captured [[Vadnagar]] and also attacked Visalnagar which also submitted to Maharana.<ref>{{Cite book |author=R.V Somani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D|date=1976|publisher=Mateshwari Publications|pages=39–40}}</ref><ref name=GJ/> | ||
==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== | ||
This defeat led to the alliance between the sultanates of Gujarat, Malwa and Delhi against Mewar. The two Sultans of Malwa and Gujarat led their forces to Mandsaur where they failed to take the fort and were forced to retreat. The sultan of Delhi tried to annex Ajmer but was defeated at Ranthambore.<ref name=GJ/> | The north of Gujarat was successfully absorbed into the Kingdom of Mewar after the invasion.<ref name="Majumdar"/>{{pn|date=September 2024}} This defeat led to the alliance between the sultanates of Gujarat, Malwa and Delhi against Mewar. The two Sultans of Malwa and Gujarat led their forces to Mandsaur where they failed to take the fort and were forced to retreat. The sultan of Delhi tried to annex Ajmer but was defeated at Ranthambore by Sanga.<ref name=GJ/> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Kingdom of Mewar]] | ||
[[Category:Wars involving the Rajputs]] | |||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]] | [[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]] | ||
[[Category:Kingdom of Marwar]] | |||
[[Category:Gujarat Sultanate]] | |||
Latest revision as of 04:25, 20 January 2026
| Rajput invasion of Gujarat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Kingdom of Mewar[1][2]Vassal states
| Gujarat Sultanate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Rana Sanga Rao Ganga Ajja Jhala Rawal Udai Singh of Vagad Rao Viram deo Rathore of Merta Rai Mal Rathore Haridas Kesaria |
Muzaffar Shah II Nizam Khan-ul-mulkTemplate:WIA | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
Total: 53,000 cavalry[3]
| Unknown | ||||||||
In 1520 Rana Sanga, the Rana of Mewar, led Rajput armies of Kingdom of Mewar and its vassal states to invade the Gujarat Sultanate. He reinstated Raimal Rathore as the Rao of Idar and defeated the Gujarat forces under the command of Nizam Khan. Rana Sanga drove the army of Muzaffar II deep into Gujarat and chased them up to Ahmedabad.[4] The Sultan of Gujarat was forced to flee to Muhammadabad.[5][page needed][6] After a series of successful military campaigns Sanga successfully captured Northern Gujarat.[7][page needed]
Background[edit | edit source]
The growing power of Mewar was seen as a threat by the Sultan of Gujarat. They had previously had disputes due to the succession of the state of Idar. In 1519 the two claimants of Idar, Raimal and Bharmal both sought the support of Sanga and Muzaffar II, leading to the invasion of Idar by the Gujarat forces, who were supporting Bharmal.[4]
Battle[edit | edit source]
Upon knowing of the invasion, Rana Sanga immediately came to the support of Raimal Rathore and started with 40,000 cavalry from Chittorgarh. He first went towards Sirohi whose ruler paid necessary tribute to the Maharana. When Sultan of Gujarat came to know about the developments happened above. He tried to send reinforcements but he was stopped by his nobles who were anxious of Mubariz-ul-Mulk, then holding Idar for Gujarat Sultanate. Next, Maharana's army reached Dungarpur whose ruler also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk wrote letter to Sultan asking for counterattack and also informing him about the present situation. However, nobles mis-interpreted the fact and stopped Sultan from taking necessary action. Then a battle was fought in Idar where the Sultans forces were defeated by the Maharana. Idar was captured and forces of Marwar and Vagad under their respective Kings Rao Ganga Rathore and Biramdeva Medatiya with 7000 and 6,000 cavalry each joined him.[8] Gujarat army were pushed back as far as Ahmedabad which was put to siege and looted. Mewari army plundered and captured Vadnagar and also attacked Visalnagar which also submitted to Maharana.[9][4]
Aftermath[edit | edit source]
The north of Gujarat was successfully absorbed into the Kingdom of Mewar after the invasion.[7][page needed] This defeat led to the alliance between the sultanates of Gujarat, Malwa and Delhi against Mewar. The two Sultans of Malwa and Gujarat led their forces to Mandsaur where they failed to take the fort and were forced to retreat. The sultan of Delhi tried to annex Ajmer but was defeated at Ranthambore by Sanga.[4]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ R.C Majumdar (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People: Volume 6. Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 344.
Mewar were considerably extended. On the north, they were pushed up as far as the Bayana River. In the east, Raisen, Sarangpur, Bhilsa, Kalpi and Chanderi, were included within her territories. In the south, Dungarpur and Banswara were held by a vassal, and her frontiers ran far into the heart of Malwa. To the south-west, Sirohi was ruled by the Rana's son-in-law. Even the chiefs of Marwar and Amber, according to Tod, acknowledged his allegiance
- ↑ R.V Somani (1976). History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari Publications. pp. 39–40.
The Mewar army proceeded towards Sirohi and collected necessary tribute from its ruler. The Sultan of Gujrat, when heard the advancement of Maharana, was desitous of sending reinforcement* at Idar, But some of his Ministers being inimical to Mubarize ul-Mulk refrained the Sultan from sending his army. The Maharana then proceeded towards Dungarpur, the ruler of which place also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk, wrote the account of these developments to the Sultan, But at this time also the Ministers misrepresented the facts and reinforcement could not be sent at Idar. The Maharana acting energetically came down swiftly upon dar with immense army consisting of more than 40,000 cavalry, By this time, Rao Ganga of Jodhpur and Biramdeva Medatiya also joined him with 7 and 6 thousand cavalry respectively
- ↑ R.V Somani (1976). History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari Publications. pp. 39–40.
The Mewar army proceeded towards Sirohi and collected necessary tribute from its ruler. The Sultan of Gujrat, when heard the advancement of Maharana, was desitous of sending reinforcement* at Idar, But some of his Ministers being inimical to Mubarize ul-Mulk refrained the Sultan from sending his army. The Maharana then proceeded towards Dungarpur, the ruler of which place also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk, wrote the account of these developments to the Sultan, But at this time also the Ministers misrepresented the facts and reinforcement could not be sent at Idar. The Maharana acting energetically came down swiftly upon dar with immense army consisting of more than 40,000 cavalry, By this time, Rao Ganga of Jodhpur and Biramdeva Medatiya also joined him with 7 and 6 thousand cavalry respectively
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hooja, Rima (2006). "The State of Mewar, AD 1500 - AD 1600". A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. p. 451. ISBN 9788129108906. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
- ↑ Maharana Sanga by Har Bilas Sarda
- ↑ J. Chaube (1975). History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-88386-573-6.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Majumdar, R. C., ed. (1967). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06, The Delhi Sultanate. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
- ↑ R.V Somani (1976). History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari Publications. pp. 39–40.
The Mewar army proceeded towards Sirohi and collected necessary tribute from its ruler. The Sultan of Gujrat, when heard the advancement of Maharana, was desitous of sending reinforcement* at Idar, But some of his Ministers being inimical to Mubarize ul-Mulk refrained the Sultan from sending his army. The Maharana then proceeded towards Dungarpur, the ruler of which place also accompanied him. Mubariz-ul-Mulk, wrote the account of these developments to the Sultan, But at this time also the Ministers misrepresented the facts and reinforcement could not be sent at Idar. The Maharana acting energetically came down swiftly upon dar with immense army consisting of more than 40,000 cavalry, By this time, Rao Ganga of Jodhpur and Biramdeva Medatiya also joined him with 7 and 6 thousand cavalry respectively
- ↑ R.V Somani (1976). History of Mewar from Earliest time to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari Publications. pp. 39–40.