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| {{Short description|Two-headed bird form of Hindu god Vishnu}} | | #REDIRECT [[Gandabherunda]] |
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| | image1 = Relief of Gandaberunda bird (two headed) in the Rameshwara temple at Keladi.jpg
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| | image2 = GANDA-BHERUNDA.jpg
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| | footer = Left: Gandaberunda as roof sculpture, Rameshwara temple, [[Keladi]]. Right: Decorative motif in the ceiling of [[Brihadeeswarar temple]]
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| The '''Gandaberunda''' or '''Berunda''' ([[Kannada]]: ಗಂಡಭೇರುಂಡ ''{{IAST|gaṇḍabheruṇḍa}}''), or '''Bheruṇḍa''' ([[Sanskrit]]: भेरुण्ड, lit. ''terrible'') is a [[two-headed]] [[bird]] in [[Hindu mythology]], believed to possess immense magical strength. It is a form of [[Vishnu]] to fight [[Sharabha]], a form of [[Shiva]] created to pacify and calm down Vishnu's lion-man [[Narasimha]] avatar.
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| It was the emblem of the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Mysore]] under the [[Wodeyar]] kings, and after India attained independence, it was retained by [[Mysore state]] as its emblem. That state was enlarged in 1956 and renamed [[Karnataka]] in 1973, and the Gandabherunda continues to be the official state emblem of [[Karnataka]]. It is used as the [[official]] [[emblem]] of the [[Karnataka]] state government because it is a [[symbol]] of strength. It is believed to be capable of fighting the forces of destruction. It appears as an intricately carved [[sculpture]] [[motif (visual arts)|motif]] in [[Hindu]] temples.<ref>{{cite web
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| |url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/prani/ganda.htm
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| |title=Mystical Bird Gandaberunda
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| |accessdate=2007-04-12
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| }}</ref>
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| ==Depiction==
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| The bird is generally depicted as clutching [[elephants]] in its [[talons]] and [[beaks]], demonstrating its immense strength. In a coin [Kasu] found in [[Madurai]], it is shown holding a [[snake]] in its beak.<ref>Ganesh Coins of Tamilnadu, 13.48</ref> All 2-dimensional depictions show a symmetrical image similar to the [[Double-headed eagle]] while other images show the long tail [[feathers]] resembling a [[peacock]]. In the [[Chennakeshava temple]] of Belur, Karnataka, Gandaberunda, the two faced bird is carved as a scene of "chain of destruction" result in destruction of Universe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/jyotsna/blog/blog.php?BlogID=1149|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202000034/http://www.kamat.com/jyotsna/blog/blog.php?BlogID=1149|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-02-02|title=Kamat's Potpourri: Amma's Column - Gandaberunda- The Two Headed Bird|date=2014-02-02|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref> The Gandaberunda was later identified as a physical form displayed by [[Narasimha]], Man-Lion [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]]. It's mentioned by several Hindu scriptures.
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| [[File:Ashtamukha Gandaberunda Narasimha.jpg|thumb|Vishnu as Gandabherunda slaying Hiranyakashipu and Sharabha (Shiva)]]
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| After Narasimha had slain the demon [[Hiranyakashipu]]. He drank the demon's blood yet his anger did not subside. The gods ([[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]]) fearing that he will destroy the cosmos in his fury, asked the god [[Shiva]] for help. In order to protect the entire creation, Shiva sent his [[Virabhadra]] form to ask Narasimha to cool down, but Narasimha ignored this appeal. So Shiva incarnated as [[Sharabha]] or Sharabheswaramurti, a part-lion and part-bird beast which outclassed Narasimha both in structure and power. Then, Sharabha held Narasimha and began carrying him high up in the sky, during which Narasimha created a two-headed Eagle - Gandaberunda. Sharabha took Narasimha to the highest altitude and was about to toss him.
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| [[File:Lord Sharabha holding lord Narasimha high above skies.png|thumb|lord Sharabha holding lord Narasimha high above skies]]
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| At this time, Narasimha snapped out of his fury and became calm. Narasimha was pacified by Sharabha. But when Sharabha did not control his ferocity, then lord Vishnu took avatar of Gandaberunda and fought with Sharabha. By seeing Gandaberunda,s high energy and ferosity , Sharabha trembled with fear and asked for forgiveness. Sharabha was finally tamed by Gandaberunda.
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| ==Usage==
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| A sculpture depicting a Gandaberunda is found on the roof of the Rameshwara temple in the temple town of [[Keladi]] in [[Shimoga District]], the capital of the [[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi Nayakas]]. The Gandaberunda was also used by the [[Wodeyar]] [[dynasty]] of [[Mysore]] as the Royal emblem. The [[Karnataka Government]] adopted this symbol as the state symbol and can be found on bus terminals and tickets issued by [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]]. Coins(Gold pagoda or gadyana) from the rule of [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] are thought to be the first to use the Gandaberunda on currency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://coinindia.com/galleries-vijayanagar2.html|title=The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Vijayanagar|website=coinindia.com|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref> The crest of the Indian navy ship [[INS Mysore (D60)]] features a Gandaberunda.
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| === Emblem ===
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| {{Unreferenced section|date=January 2020}}
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| Gandaberunda is the official emblem of [[Karnataka]] state government. It was the [[royal insignia]] of the [[erstwhile]] [[Mysore kingdom]]. The [[Deccan Herald]] wrote, "When Dasara completed four hundred years this year, another major feature associated with Mysore kingdom, the royal insignia Gandaberunda quietly celebrated 500th year.
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| The City Herald tried to dig into the roots of the Gandaberunda and stumbled upon some exciting stories associated with it. The Gandaberunda is an imaginary two headed bird. Even five centuries after its first usage in the mints for making coins during the period of [[Vijayanagar]] empire around 1510, the Gandaberunda is still flying high as the symbol of seat of power of Karnataka - the official insignia of State.
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| Though the 400th year of [[Mysore Dasara|Dasara]] (which was tipped for the most grand celebrations), did not live up to its expectations, the 500th year of adoption of Gandaberunda received a floral celebration, with a 10 foot flower model of the imaginary bird put on display at the Dasara flower show.
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| Historian Professor P V Nanjaraje Urs -- who has widely researched Mysore State -- tells that the Gandaberunda was first used as a sign on coins in [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar]] mints, many of which still exist. Since then, the tradition passed on to generations. In mid-16th century, legend says that Yaduraya embarked on a Vijaya Yathra across the Mysore State to consolidate their rank. During the Yathra, an ascetic encountered and gave him a red cloth. The King offered pooja to it and accepted it as a blessing. He won all acclaim thereafter."
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| Following his stature raising to new heights, he announced red cloth as Rajdhwaja or State flag. To add the principles of [[dharma]] and [[satya]], the flag got a slogan as "Sathymevodhbhavaramyaham" with imaginary bird Gandaberunda. The bird was surrounded by elephant headed lion on two sides and a lion carrying [[Mahishasura]]’s head on the top.
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| [[Bengaluru FC]], a football club based in [[Bangalore]], has a Gandaberunda in the club crest.
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| Kannada Vedike Cultural Club of National Institute of Technology Karnataka Uses Gandaberunda in their official club logo.
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| Historically it has been used in the crests and official seals of the:
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| # [[Chalukya]]s
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| # [[Chagi]]s
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| # [[Kota Vamsa|Kota Kings]] (Dharanikota Kings)
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| # [[Hoysala]]s
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| # [[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi Chiefs]]
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| # [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]]s
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| # [[Vijayanagara Empire|Nandyalas]] (Vijayanagara Empire)
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| # [[Vijayanagara Empire|Gobburis]] (Vijayanagara Empire)
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| # [[Wodeyars of Mysore]]
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| #[[Nayaka dynasties|Nayakas]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Vijayanagar|url=http://coinindia.com/galleries-vijayanagar2.html|access-date=2021-06-23|website=coinindia.com}}</ref>
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| <gallery mode="nolines" caption="Gallery of images showing Gandaberunda from the Mysuru Palace of the Wodeyar dynasty">
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| File:Painting of Gandaberunda on glass window.jpg|Painting of Gandaberunda on glass window of Mysuru Palace
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| File:Ornate wooden carving of the Gandaberunda.jpg|Ornate wooden carving of the Gandaberunda at Mysuru Palace
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| File:Gandaberunda depicted on the roof of Mysuru Palace.jpg|Gandaberunda depicted on the roof of Mysuru Palace
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| </gallery>
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| ==In media==
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| ''[[Ganda Berunda]]'' is a [[Kannada]] film directed by S. V. Rajendrasingh Babu and produced by Vajramuni. The playwright of the movie was the celebrated writer, late H V Subba Rao. The film was released in the year 1984. The music was composed by [[Chellapilla Satyam|Sathyam]]. [[Bollywood]] actor [[Amrish Puri]] played the antagonist in the film.
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| <gallery>
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| File:GBerunda.JPG|The Gandaberunda emblem in the Mysore Palace.
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| File:Seal of Karnataka.svg|[[Coat of arms of Karnataka]], India
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| File:Ganberunda.jpg|Gandaberunda image seen at Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore
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| <!-- Deleted image removed: File:Balligavi_gandaberunda.JPG|Gandaberunda image seen at [[Balligavi]], [[Shimoga district]], Karnataka -->
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| </gallery>
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Double-headed eagle]]
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| == Notes ==
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| <references/>
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| 1.Brahma took the avatar of Gandaberunda & not vishnu{{Clarify|date=April 2011}}
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| == External links ==
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| {{commons category}}
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| * [http://www.srikanta-sastri.org/evolution-of-the-gandabherunda/4576393366 "Evolution of Gandabherunda"]-article by [[S. Srikanta Sastri]]
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| * http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=iqsc4symp
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| * A unique sculpture of Gandaberunda or berunda from [[Balligavi]]: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/dunkinjalki/5166151080/]
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| [[Category:Legendary birds]]
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| [[Category:Hindu legendary creatures]]
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| [[Category:Heraldic birds]]
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| [[Category:Indian legendary creatures]]
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| [[Category:Forms of Vishnu]]
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| [[Category:Phoenix birds]]
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