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{{ | {{short description|Former president of Azad Kashmir (1915–2003)}} | ||
{{Other people|Muhammad Ibrahim Khan}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}} | |||
{{Infobox president | {{Infobox president | ||
| name | | name = Ibrahim Khan | ||
| image | | honorific-prefix = [[Sardar]] | ||
| caption | | honorific_suffix = ''Ghazi-e-Millat'' | ||
| imagesize | | image = Sardar M. Ibrahim Khan.jpg | ||
| office | | caption = Khan in his office in 1948 | ||
| term_start1 | | imagesize = 200px | ||
| term_end1 | | office = [[President of Azad Kashmir]] | ||
| predecessor1 | | term_start1 = 25 August 1996 | ||
| successor1 | | term_end1 = 25 August 2001 | ||
| term_start2 | | predecessor1 = [[Abdul Rashid Abbasi]] (interim) | ||
| term_end2 | | successor1 = [[Muhammad Anwar Khan (Azad Kashmiri politician)|Sardar Anwar Khan]] | ||
| predecessor2 | | term_start2 = 5 June 1975 | ||
| successor2 | | term_end2 = 30 October 1978 | ||
| term_start3 | | predecessor2 = [[Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan|Sardar Abdul Qayyum]] | ||
| term_end3 | | successor2 = [[Muhammad Hayat Khan (Azad Kashmiri politician)|Muhammad Hayat Khan]] | ||
| predecessor3 | | term_start3 = 13 April 1957 | ||
| successor3 | | term_end3 = 30 April 1959 | ||
| term_start4 | | predecessor3 = [[Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan|Sardar Abdul Qayyum]] | ||
| term_end4 | | successor3 = [[Khurshid Hasan Khurshid]] | ||
| predecessor4 | | term_start4 = 24 October 1947 | ||
| successor4 | | term_end4 = 12 May 1950 | ||
| party | | predecessor4 = ''Office established'' | ||
| birth_date | | successor4 = [[Syed Ali Ahmed Shah|Ali Ahmed Shah]] | ||
| birth_place | | party = [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]]<br>[[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party]] | ||
| death_date | | alma_mater = [[Government Islamia College, Civil Lines, Lahore|Government Islamia College]]<br>[[University of London]]<br>[[Lincoln's Inn]] | ||
| death_place | | profession = [[Lawyer]] • [[Politician]] | ||
| spouse | | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1915|04|10}} | ||
| relations | | birth_place = Kot Mattay Khan, [[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[British Raj|British India]] | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2003|07|31|1915|04|10}}<ref name="Dawn">[https://www.dawn.com/news/133043 Obituary and profile of Muhammad Ibrahim Khan] Dawn (newspaper), Published 1 August 2003, Retrieved 25 January 2021</ref> | |||
| death_place = [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]] | |||
| resting_place = Mausoleum of Sardar Ibrahim Khan, Kot Mattay Khan, [[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch District]], [[Azad Kashmir]], Pakistan | |||
| spouse = Zaib-un-Nisa Khan | |||
| relations = {{Plainlist| | |||
* Sardar Jawaid Ibrahim Khan (Son) | * Sardar Jawaid Ibrahim Khan (Son) | ||
* [[Sardar Khalid Ibrahim Khan]] (Son) (MLA) | * [[Sardar Khalid Ibrahim Khan]] (Son) (MLA) | ||
| Line 35: | Line 41: | ||
* Sardar Farooq Ibrahim Khan (Son) | * Sardar Farooq Ibrahim Khan (Son) | ||
* Noreen Farooq Khan (Daughter-In-Law) (MNA) | * Noreen Farooq Khan (Daughter-In-Law) (MNA) | ||
* [[Masood Khan]] ( | * [[Masood Khan]] (grand nephew) | ||
}} | }} | ||
| title = | |||
| native_name_lang = ur | |||
| native_name = {{nobold|{{nq|ابراہیم خان}}}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sardar | '''Sardar Ibrahim Khan'''{{efn|{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq| سردار ابراہیم خان}}}}, {{small|pronounced}} [[Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu|[sər'da:r ɪbra:'ɦi:m xa:n]]]}} (22 April 1915 – 31 July 2003) was a revolutionary leader and politician from the western region of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (present-day [[Azad Kashmir]]), who led the [[1947 Poonch rebellion|1947 Poonch Rebellion]] against the [[Maharaja]] in the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|state of Jammu and Kashmir]] and played a key role in the [[First Kashmir War]], supporting [[Pakistan]]. He served as the [[President of Azad Kashmir]] for 13 years across four non-consecutive terms and still remains the longest-serving president of the state, since its establishment.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-9350298978|location=India}}</ref> | ||
He is revered as ''Ghazi-e-Millat'' (Warrior of the Nation) in [[Azad Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jahangir |first1=Amar |last2=Jamshad |first2=Unsa |last3=Khawaja |first3=Anbrin |date=2021-12-31 |title=Political and Social Struggle of Ghazi-e-Millat Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan |url=https://jhss-uok.com/index.php/JHSS/article/view/179 |journal=Journal of History and Social Sciences |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=85–95 |doi=10.46422/jhss.v12i2.179 |issn=2221-6804|doi-access=free }}</ref> | |||
==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
Sardar | Sardar Ibrahim Khan was born on 22 April 1915 in Kot Mattay Khan, a village in the [[Historical Poonch District|Poonch]] District of Kashmir to an elite [[Sudhan|Sudozai]] family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schofield|first=Victoria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaT3AgAAQBAJ&dq=sardar+ibahim+khan+suddhan&pg=PT109|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2003|isbn=9780857730787}}</ref>{{Qn|date=March 2026}} He received his primary education in his village. He attended college and received a Bachelors of Arts degree in 1937 at [[Government Islamia College, Civil Lines, Lahore|Islamia College (Lahore)]] and sought higher education abroad in 1938. He went to the [[UK]] in 1939 and obtained his LLB degree from the [[University of London]] in 1941. Khan then obtained a law degree from [[Lincoln's Inn]], and later started practicing law at [[Srinagar]], Kashmir.<ref name=StoryOfPakistan>[https://storyofpakistan.com/sardar-muhammad-ibrahim-khan/ Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan - profile on Story Of Pakistan website] Published 4 January 2008, Retrieved 26 January 2021</ref> | ||
== 1947 Poonch rebellion == | ==Career== | ||
{{Further|1947 Poonch Rebellion}}Ibrahim Khan played a pivotal role in the | === 1947 Poonch rebellion === | ||
[[File:Sardar Ibrahim with Azad Kashmiri Flag.jpg|right|thumb|Sardar Ibrahim Khan holding the [[Flag of Azad Kashmir]]]] | |||
{{Further|1947 Poonch Rebellion}}Ibrahim Khan played a pivotal role in the initiative of the [[1947 Poonch rebellion]] and the [[First Kashmir War]]. In [[British Raj|British India]] of 1946, he won the Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly election as a member of the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]] party and became a member of the Praja Sabha under Maharajah Hari Singh, Jammu and Kashmir ruler. This ruler signed a 'stand-still agreement' with the newly created state of [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] as a result of the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] which resulted in the [[Partition of India]] into [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] following the end of [[British rule]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. In 1947, Ibrahim Khan instigated and organised the [[1947 Poonch Rebellion|Poonch rebellion]], and with support from the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]], planned and helped in the invasion and liberation of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He organised the rebellion through the use of former [[British Indian Army]] soldiers of the Muslim population who had kept their weapons after the [[World War II|war]] and were heavily armed. Muslim Kashmiri leaders saw it as a liberation of Muslim-majority Kashmir from the Hindu ruler.<ref name="sardars" /> | |||
On 19 July 1947, Khan held a general assembly meeting at his residence where a resolution was unanimously passed for the State of Kashmir to join Pakistan. The Maharaja, [[Hari Singh]], disapproved of his actions, and Khan left the state and went to [[Murree]], Pakistan. In Murree, he gathered ammunition from private individuals and organizations. With several fellow Kashmiris, he launched a | On 19 July 1947, Khan held a general assembly meeting at his residence where a resolution was unanimously passed for the State of Kashmir to join Pakistan. The Maharaja, [[Hari Singh]], disapproved of his actions, and Khan left the state and went to [[Murree]], Pakistan. In Murree, he gathered ammunition from private individuals and organizations. With several fellow Kashmiris, he launched a ‘[[Jihad]]’ against the Maharaja. On 24 October 1947, he defeated the forces of the Maharaja in the [[1947 Poonch Rebellion|Poonch rebellion]] and founded the state of [[Azad Kashmir]], which became a self-governing division of Pakistan.<ref name="sardars" /><ref name="StoryOfPakistan" /> | ||
After fighting the Indian Army for 15 months, the | After fighting the Indian Army for 15 months, the Azad Kashmir militia accepted a United Nations-mediated [[United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan|ceasefire]]. Khan and his army were able to capture substantial portions of the three western districts of Kashmir, which were renamed [[Azad Kashmir]] (Free Kashmir). | ||
Khan was appointed the first [[President (government title)|President]] of | Khan was appointed the first [[President (government title)|President]] of [[Azad Kashmir]] in 1948 by Pakistan. He represented Kashmir in different capacities at the United Nations from 1948 to 1971.<ref name="sardars">[http://sardarsofkashmir.webs.com/ Profile of Muhammad Ibrahim Khan on sardarsofkashmir.webs.com website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820232110/https://sardarsofkashmir.webs.com/ |date=20 August 2019 }} Retrieved 25 January 2021</ref> | ||
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan also wrote a book named ''The Kashmir Saga'' on government and politics of | Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan also wrote a book named ''The Kashmir Saga'' on government and politics of Azad Kashmir and included the history and philosophy of freedom struggle in the book.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Kashmir_Saga.html?id=Kzw-AAAAMAAJ The Kashmir Saga, a book by Muhammad Ibrahim Khan on Google Books website] Retrieved 28 January 2021</ref> | ||
== 1955 Poonch uprising == | === 1955 Poonch uprising === | ||
[[File:Sardar Ibrahim Khan in 1953.jpg|right|thumb|Sardar Ibrahim Khan with British officers in 1953]] | |||
{{Further|1955 Poonch Uprising}} | {{Further|1955 Poonch Uprising}} | ||
Khan's dismissal is widely regarded as the trigger to the 1955 uprising in [[Poonch Division]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Kashmir - The Untold Story |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |publisher=HarperCollins India |isbn=9789350298985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1937 |pages=120, 121, 122}}</ref> | Khan's dismissal is widely regarded as the trigger to the 1955 uprising in [[Poonch Division]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Kashmir - The Untold Story |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |date=December 2013 |publisher=HarperCollins India |isbn=9789350298985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1937 |pages=120, 121, 122}}</ref> | ||
===Professional and political career=== | |||
Under the Maharajah's rule in 1943, Khan was appointed as a public prosecutor in [[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]].<ref name="sardars"/> He later worked at the State Advocate General office of Jammu and Kashmir. Then he left the government job to participate in the [[Kashmir Freedom Movement]] and won the 1946 Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly elections. He went on to serve three more terms in office until August 2001. He retired at the age of 86. He also established the Azad Muslim Conference.<ref name=StoryOfPakistan/> | |||
===President of Azad Kashmir=== | |||
[[File:Founder of AJK Sardar Ibrahim With Pakistani nuclear scientist Dr. Abdul Qadir Kha.jpg|thumb|Founder of AJK Sardar Ibrahim With Pakistani nuclear scientist, Dr. Abdul Qadir Khan]] | |||
As the first self-proclaimed President of Azad Kashmir, he was invited by the United Nations to brief the [[General assembly]] on the situation in Kashmir. Under the leadership of Khan, the annual session of the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference]] was held at [[Kotli]] in 1954, and a resolution was passed for the establishment of a proper Legislative Assembly in Azad Kashmir. While he and his lieutenants continued to push for a legislative assembly, it was not until the presidency of General [[Yahya Khan]] in 1969 that the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly was formed. Khan was elected as president of Azad Kashmir for the second time on 13 April 1957 and for the third time on 5 June 1975. Sardar Ibrahim was very close to [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] and had formed the Azad Kashmir chapter of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]. In 1977, General [[Zia ul-Haq]] dissolved Bhutto's government, and offered to allow Khan to continue as president as long as he stopped supporting Bhutto. Khan refused to betray Bhutto, resulting in the termination of his presidency through a proclamation issued by [[General Zia Ul-Haq]], the Chairman of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council, on 30 October 1978. Khan, however, was elected again as the President of Azad Kashmir in August 1996. He remained in office until August 2001 and was the Azad Kashmir president four times in his lifetime.<ref name="Dawn"/><ref name="sardars"/><ref name=StoryOfPakistan/> | |||
As the first self-proclaimed President of | |||
==Death and legacy== | ==Death and legacy== | ||
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan died at his [[Islamabad]] | Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan died at his [[Islamabad]] home on 31 July 2003 after a long period of illness at the age of 88.<ref name="Dawn"/> President [[Pervez Musharraf]] and Prime Minister [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] paid tribute to him in their condolence messages.<ref name="Dawn"/> | ||
Due to his services to Kashmir freedom struggle, he is known among the people of Kashmir as: | Due to his services to Kashmir freedom struggle, he is known among the people of Kashmir as: | ||
* '''Bani-e-Kashmir''' (" | * '''Bani-e-Kashmir''' ("Founding president of AJK")<ref name="sardars"/><ref name=Dawn2/> | ||
* '''Ghazi-e-Millat''' ("Hero of the Nation") <ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1132413/foundation-stone-of-memorial-for-first-ajk-president-laid |title=Foundation stone of memorial for first AJK president laid|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|date= 17 September 2014|access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="sardars"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1823883/ajk-president-pays-tribute-sardar-ibrahim-khan |title=AJK president pays tribute to Sardar Ibrahim Khan|author=Mamir |newspaper=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=12 October 2018|access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> | * '''Ghazi-e-Millat''' ("Hero of the Nation") <ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1132413/foundation-stone-of-memorial-for-first-ajk-president-laid |title=Foundation stone of memorial for first AJK president laid|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|date= 17 September 2014|access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="sardars"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1823883/ajk-president-pays-tribute-sardar-ibrahim-khan |title=AJK president pays tribute to Sardar Ibrahim Khan|author=Mamir |newspaper=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=12 October 2018|access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> | ||
| Line 89: | Line 106: | ||
{{s-bef|before= [[Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan]] }} | {{s-bef|before= [[Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan]] }} | ||
{{s-ttl|title=4th term|years=1996–2001}} | {{s-ttl|title=4th term|years=1996–2001}} | ||
{{s-aft|after=[[Sardar Muhammad Anwar Khan]] }} | {{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Anwar Khan (Azad Kashmiri politician)|Sardar Muhammad Anwar Khan]] }} | ||
{{s-end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
* {{citation |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |author-link=Christopher Snedden |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350298985 |orig-year=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of | * {{citation |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |author-link=Christopher Snedden |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350298985 |orig-year=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir'', 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ}} | ||
* {{citation |first=Victoria |last=Schoefield |author-link=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in Conflict |publisher=I. B. Taurus & Co |location=London and New York |year=2003 |orig-year=First published in 2000 |isbn=1860648983 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/00book584554548 }} | * {{citation |first=Victoria |last=Schoefield |author-link=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in Conflict |publisher=I. B. Taurus & Co |location=London and New York |year=2003 |orig-year=First published in 2000 |isbn=1860648983 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/00book584554548 }} | ||
{{Pakistan Movement}} | {{Pakistan Movement}} | ||
{{Presidents of | {{Presidents of Azad Kashmir}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
| Line 113: | Line 133: | ||
[[Category:Pakistan Movement activists from Kashmir]] | [[Category:Pakistan Movement activists from Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:People from Poonch District, Pakistan]] | [[Category:People from Poonch District, Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category:Presidents of | [[Category:Presidents of Azad Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:People of the | [[Category:People of the India–Pakistan war of 1947–1948]] | ||
[[Category:Government Islamia College alumni]] | [[Category:Government Islamia College alumni]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century lawyers]] | |||
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]] | |||
[[Category:Writers about the Kashmir conflict]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:01, 27 March 2026
Sardar Ibrahim Khan[lower-alpha 1] (22 April 1915 – 31 July 2003) was a revolutionary leader and politician from the western region of Jammu and Kashmir (present-day Azad Kashmir), who led the 1947 Poonch Rebellion against the Maharaja in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and played a key role in the First Kashmir War, supporting Pakistan. He served as the President of Azad Kashmir for 13 years across four non-consecutive terms and still remains the longest-serving president of the state, since its establishment.[1]
He is revered as Ghazi-e-Millat (Warrior of the Nation) in Azad Kashmir.[2]
Early life and education[edit | edit source]
Sardar Ibrahim Khan was born on 22 April 1915 in Kot Mattay Khan, a village in the Poonch District of Kashmir to an elite Sudozai family.[3][need quotation to verify] He received his primary education in his village. He attended college and received a Bachelors of Arts degree in 1937 at Islamia College (Lahore) and sought higher education abroad in 1938. He went to the UK in 1939 and obtained his LLB degree from the University of London in 1941. Khan then obtained a law degree from Lincoln's Inn, and later started practicing law at Srinagar, Kashmir.[4]
Career[edit | edit source]
1947 Poonch rebellion[edit | edit source]
Ibrahim Khan played a pivotal role in the initiative of the 1947 Poonch rebellion and the First Kashmir War. In British India of 1946, he won the Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly election as a member of the Muslim Conference party and became a member of the Praja Sabha under Maharajah Hari Singh, Jammu and Kashmir ruler. This ruler signed a 'stand-still agreement' with the newly created state of Pakistan as a result of the Indian Independence Act 1947 which resulted in the Partition of India into India and Pakistan following the end of British rule in the Indian subcontinent. In 1947, Ibrahim Khan instigated and organised the Poonch rebellion, and with support from the Muslim League, planned and helped in the invasion and liberation of Jammu and Kashmir. He organised the rebellion through the use of former British Indian Army soldiers of the Muslim population who had kept their weapons after the war and were heavily armed. Muslim Kashmiri leaders saw it as a liberation of Muslim-majority Kashmir from the Hindu ruler.[5]
On 19 July 1947, Khan held a general assembly meeting at his residence where a resolution was unanimously passed for the State of Kashmir to join Pakistan. The Maharaja, Hari Singh, disapproved of his actions, and Khan left the state and went to Murree, Pakistan. In Murree, he gathered ammunition from private individuals and organizations. With several fellow Kashmiris, he launched a ‘Jihad’ against the Maharaja. On 24 October 1947, he defeated the forces of the Maharaja in the Poonch rebellion and founded the state of Azad Kashmir, which became a self-governing division of Pakistan.[5][4]
After fighting the Indian Army for 15 months, the Azad Kashmir militia accepted a United Nations-mediated ceasefire. Khan and his army were able to capture substantial portions of the three western districts of Kashmir, which were renamed Azad Kashmir (Free Kashmir).
Khan was appointed the first President of Azad Kashmir in 1948 by Pakistan. He represented Kashmir in different capacities at the United Nations from 1948 to 1971.[5]
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan also wrote a book named The Kashmir Saga on government and politics of Azad Kashmir and included the history and philosophy of freedom struggle in the book.[6]
1955 Poonch uprising[edit | edit source]
Khan's dismissal is widely regarded as the trigger to the 1955 uprising in Poonch Division.[7]
Professional and political career[edit | edit source]
Under the Maharajah's rule in 1943, Khan was appointed as a public prosecutor in Mirpur.[5] He later worked at the State Advocate General office of Jammu and Kashmir. Then he left the government job to participate in the Kashmir Freedom Movement and won the 1946 Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly elections. He went on to serve three more terms in office until August 2001. He retired at the age of 86. He also established the Azad Muslim Conference.[4]
President of Azad Kashmir[edit | edit source]
As the first self-proclaimed President of Azad Kashmir, he was invited by the United Nations to brief the General assembly on the situation in Kashmir. Under the leadership of Khan, the annual session of the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was held at Kotli in 1954, and a resolution was passed for the establishment of a proper Legislative Assembly in Azad Kashmir. While he and his lieutenants continued to push for a legislative assembly, it was not until the presidency of General Yahya Khan in 1969 that the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly was formed. Khan was elected as president of Azad Kashmir for the second time on 13 April 1957 and for the third time on 5 June 1975. Sardar Ibrahim was very close to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and had formed the Azad Kashmir chapter of the Pakistan Peoples Party. In 1977, General Zia ul-Haq dissolved Bhutto's government, and offered to allow Khan to continue as president as long as he stopped supporting Bhutto. Khan refused to betray Bhutto, resulting in the termination of his presidency through a proclamation issued by General Zia Ul-Haq, the Chairman of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council, on 30 October 1978. Khan, however, was elected again as the President of Azad Kashmir in August 1996. He remained in office until August 2001 and was the Azad Kashmir president four times in his lifetime.[8][5][4]
Death and legacy[edit | edit source]
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan died at his Islamabad home on 31 July 2003 after a long period of illness at the age of 88.[8] President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali paid tribute to him in their condolence messages.[8]
Due to his services to Kashmir freedom struggle, he is known among the people of Kashmir as:
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Post Created |
President of Azad Jammu and Kashmir 1948–1950 |
Succeeded by Captain Syed Ali Ahmed Shah |
| Preceded by Dost Muhammad Khosa |
2nd term 1957–1959 |
Succeeded by Khurshid Hassan Khurshid |
| Preceded by Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan |
3rd term 1975–1978 |
Succeeded by Muhammad Hayat Khan |
| Preceded by Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan |
4th term 1996–2001 |
Succeeded by Sardar Muhammad Anwar Khan |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Snedden, Christopher (2013). Kashmir: The Unwritten History. India: Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 978-9350298978.
- ↑ Jahangir, Amar; Jamshad, Unsa; Khawaja, Anbrin (31 December 2021). "Political and Social Struggle of Ghazi-e-Millat Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan". Journal of History and Social Sciences. 12 (2): 85–95. doi:10.46422/jhss.v12i2.179. ISSN 2221-6804.
- ↑ Schofield, Victoria (2003). Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9780857730787.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan - profile on Story Of Pakistan website Published 4 January 2008, Retrieved 26 January 2021
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Profile of Muhammad Ibrahim Khan on sardarsofkashmir.webs.com website Archived 20 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 25 January 2021
- ↑ The Kashmir Saga, a book by Muhammad Ibrahim Khan on Google Books website Retrieved 28 January 2021
- ↑ Snedden, Christopher (December 2013). Kashmir - The Untold Story. HarperCollins India. pp. 120, 121, 122. ISBN 9789350298985.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDawn - ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Foundation stone of memorial for first AJK president laid". Dawn (newspaper). 17 September 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ↑ Mamir (12 October 2018). "AJK president pays tribute to Sardar Ibrahim Khan". The Express Tribune (newspaper). Retrieved 26 January 2021.
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., pronounced [sər'da:r ɪbra:'ɦi:m xa:n]
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012], Kashmir: The Unwritten History, HarperCollins India, ISBN 978-9350298985
- Schoefield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 1860648983
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