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{{Short description| | {{Short description|River in Telangana, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox river | {{Infobox river | ||
| name | | name = Musi River | ||
| | | name_other = [[Muchukunda]] River | ||
| image = View of Musi river from Nayapul.jpg | |||
| image_size = | |||
| image_caption = Musi river seen from Nayapul bridge in [[Hyderabad]] | |||
| subdivision_type1 = State | |||
| image | | subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]] | ||
| image_size | | subdivision_type2 = Origin | ||
| image_caption | | subdivision_name2 = Ananthagiri Hills, Vikarabad | ||
| length = 250 km | |||
| bridges = [[Purana Pul]] <br> [[Naya Pul]] | |||
| mapframe-zoom = 7 | |||
| subdivision_type1 | |||
| subdivision_name1 | |||
| subdivision_type2 | |||
| subdivision_name2 | |||
| length | |||
| bridges | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
== | The '''Musi River''', also known as [[Muchukunda]] or Musunuru river,<ref name="DecnChrn1">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/river-musi-got-its-name-from-sage-muchkunda-1828544|newspaper=[[The Deccan Chronicle]]|title=River Musi Got Its Name From Sage Muchkunda|first=Neeraj|last=Kumar|date=2024-10-07|access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref> is a major [[tributary]] of the [[Krishna River]] in the [[Deccan Plateau]], flowing through [[Telangana]], [[India]]. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] stands on the banks of the Musi River, and the river divides the historic [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|Old City]] from the newer part of the city. The Musi flows into [[Himayat Sagar]] and [[Osman Sagar]], which are artificial lakes that act as reservoirs that once supplied the twin cities of Hyderabad and [[Secunderabad]] with drinking water. The Musi originates in the [[Ananthagiri Hills, Vikarabad district|Ananthagiri Hills]], near [[Vikarabad]]. It generally flows towards the east, turning south at Chittaloor. It flows into the Krishna River at [[Vadapally]] near [[Miryalaguda]] in [[Nalgonda district]]. | ||
*[[Telangana High Court]] | |||
*[[City College Hyderabad|City college]] | |||
*[[ | ==Etymology== | ||
*[[Osmania General Hospital]] | According to some accounts, the river derived its name from two tributaries — Moosa and Esi which originate in [[Ananthagiri forest]] and have supposed to have been merged with each other near [[Langar Houz]]. As per others, the river was also once named as Musunuru or Muchukunda. According to the [[Hindu mythology]], [[Muchukunda]] was a king who later became a sage.<ref name="DecnChrn1" /> | ||
==Musi River Historic Buildings== | |||
* [[Women's College, Koti]] | |||
* [[Telangana High Court]] | |||
* [[City College Hyderabad|City college]] | |||
* [[Osmania General Hospital]] | |||
* [[State Central Library, Hyderabad|State Central Library]] | |||
[[File:Musi River at Osmania General Hospital Hyderabad Telangana India.jpg|thumb|left|110px|View of Osmania General Hospital on the banks of Musi]] | |||
[[City College Hyderabad|City college]], [[Osmania General Hospital]], [[State Central Library, Hyderabad|State Central Library]], [[Telangana High Court]] and [[Women's College, Koti|Women's College]] were included in the list of 2025 World Monuments Watch, by the New York-based organisation World Monuments Fund.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/musi-river-historic-buildings-on-2025-world-monuments-watch/article69103269.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title=Musi River Historic Buildings on 2025 World Monuments Watch|first=Serish|last=Nanisetti|date=2025-01-16|access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/musi-heritage-sites-get-top-billing-in-world-monuments-watch-2025/articleshow/117341023.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|title=Musi heritage sites get top billing in World-Monuments Watch 2025|first=Mahesh|last=Koride|date=2025-01-18|access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Women Offering Prayers to Musi River at Puranapul Hyderabad Telangana.jpg|thumb|right|140px|People praying at the banks of Musi in Hyderabad]] | |||
[[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]] and [[Salar Jung Museum]] are also located on the banks of Musi river | |||
==Floods== | ==Floods== | ||
{{Main|Great Musi Flood|2020 Hyderabad floods}} | {{Main|Great Musi Flood|2020 Hyderabad floods}} | ||
The Musi river was the cause of frequent flood devastation of Hyderabad city until the early decades of the 20th century. On 28 September 1908, Hyderabad was flooded, which included 17 inches of rain in one day, killing around 15,000 people.<ref name=the-hindu1>{{cite news|last=Ifthekhar|first=J.S|title=Remembering the deluge of 1908|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/remembering-the-deluge-of-1908/article3944923.ece |date=28 September 2012|access-date=30 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> | |||
The | [[File:Krishna River basin map.svg|right|thumb|Musi River is a tributary of the Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau]] | ||
The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. This necessitated planned, phased development.<ref name=Murali>{{cite news|last=Murali|first=D|title=Floods proved a blessing in disguise|url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|access-date=17 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108132827/http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-04-22|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=TOI>{{cite news|last=Shahid|first=Sajjad|title=Sitamber: the harbinger of torment|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Sitamber-The-harbinger-of-torment/articleshow/16606880.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809131747/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-30/hyderabad/34177011_1_musi-bus-terminus-ends-today|url-status=live|archive-date=9 August 2013|date=30 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 September 2012}}</ref> | |||
The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. This necessitated planned, phased development.<ref name=Murali>{{cite news|last=Murali|first=D|title=Floods proved a blessing in disguise|url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|access-date=17 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108132827/http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-04-22|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=TOI>{{cite news|last=Shahid|first=Sajjad|title=Sitamber: the harbinger of torment|url= | |||
== | {{According to whom|Abdallah Ahmed Bin Mahfooz submitted his report on 1 October 1909, with recommendations on preventing a recurrence of floods and improving civic amenities|date=March 2025}}. {{According to whom|However, there are conflicting reports that|date=March 2025}} Sir M. Visvesvaraya was engaged by the erstwhile Nizam to help design the drainage system and prevent floods. [[Nizam VII]] constituted a City Improve Trust in 1912. He built a flood control system on the river. A dam was built in 1920 across the river, ten miles (16 km) upstream from the city called [[Osman Sagar]]. In 1927 another reservoir was built on Esi (a tributary of Musi) and named [[Himayat Sagar]]. These lakes prevented the flooding of the River Musi and are major drinking water sources for Hyderabad city.<ref name=TOI/><ref>{{cite news|title=Chequered past|url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2004/02/11/stories/2004021100220300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 February 2004|access-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117025716/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2004/02/11/stories/2004021100220300.htm|archive-date=2010-01-17|url-status=usurped}}</ref> | ||
{{Wide image|SC - GHY Special (28140164286).jpg|500px|Railway bridge over Musi river at [[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri]]}} | |||
Musi | ==Pollution== | ||
In 2022, the Musi river was the 22nd [[List of most-polluted rivers|most polluted river]] in the world.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Akbar |first=Syed |date=17 May 2022 |title=Lifeline Musi 22nd most toxic river in the world, virtual drug lab |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/lifeline-musi-22nd-most-toxic-river-in-world-virtual-drug-lab/articleshow/91605392.cms |access-date=21 February 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| Line 99: | Line 52: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons category}} | {{commons category}} | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312020007/http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-61445-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html Making a Living Along the Musi River, India] | *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312020007/http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-61445-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html Making a Living Along the Musi River, India]}} | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050317091540/http://www.ruaf.org/no8/14_musi.html Livelihoods and Wastewater Irrigated Agriculture along the Musi River in Hyderabad City] | *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050317091540/http://www.ruaf.org/no8/14_musi.html Livelihoods and Wastewater Irrigated Agriculture along the Musi River in Hyderabad City]}} | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130803113318/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-04/hyderabad/39025969_1_drinking-water-dams-osmansagar Hyderabads twin safaris left to dry and disappear] | *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130803113318/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-04/hyderabad/39025969_1_drinking-water-dams-osmansagar Hyderabads twin safaris left to dry and disappear]}} | ||
{{Hyderabad topics}} | {{Hyderabad topics}} | ||
| Line 110: | Line 63: | ||
[[Category:Rivers of Telangana]] | [[Category:Rivers of Telangana]] | ||
[[Category:Tributaries of the Krishna River]] | [[Category:Tributaries of the Krishna River]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hyderabad floods]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:35, 14 March 2026
| Musi River Muchukunda River | |
|---|---|
 Musi river seen from Nayapul bridge in Hyderabad | |
| Location | |
| State | Telangana |
| Origin | Ananthagiri Hills, Vikarabad |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Length | 250 km |
| Basin features | |
| Bridges | Purana Pul Naya Pul |
The Musi River, also known as Muchukunda or Musunuru river,[1] is a major tributary of the Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau, flowing through Telangana, India. Hyderabad stands on the banks of the Musi River, and the river divides the historic Old City from the newer part of the city. The Musi flows into Himayat Sagar and Osman Sagar, which are artificial lakes that act as reservoirs that once supplied the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad with drinking water. The Musi originates in the Ananthagiri Hills, near Vikarabad. It generally flows towards the east, turning south at Chittaloor. It flows into the Krishna River at Vadapally near Miryalaguda in Nalgonda district.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
According to some accounts, the river derived its name from two tributaries — Moosa and Esi which originate in Ananthagiri forest and have supposed to have been merged with each other near Langar Houz. As per others, the river was also once named as Musunuru or Muchukunda. According to the Hindu mythology, Muchukunda was a king who later became a sage.[1]
Musi River Historic Buildings[edit | edit source]
- Women's College, Koti
- Telangana High Court
- City college
- Osmania General Hospital
- State Central Library
City college, Osmania General Hospital, State Central Library, Telangana High Court and Women's College were included in the list of 2025 World Monuments Watch, by the New York-based organisation World Monuments Fund.[2][3]
Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station and Salar Jung Museum are also located on the banks of Musi river
Floods[edit | edit source]
The Musi river was the cause of frequent flood devastation of Hyderabad city until the early decades of the 20th century. On 28 September 1908, Hyderabad was flooded, which included 17 inches of rain in one day, killing around 15,000 people.[4]
The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. This necessitated planned, phased development.[5][6]
Abdallah Ahmed Bin Mahfooz submitted his report on 1 October 1909, with recommendations on preventing a recurrence of floods and improving civic amenities[according to whom?]. However, there are conflicting reports that[according to whom?] Sir M. Visvesvaraya was engaged by the erstwhile Nizam to help design the drainage system and prevent floods. Nizam VII constituted a City Improve Trust in 1912. He built a flood control system on the river. A dam was built in 1920 across the river, ten miles (16 km) upstream from the city called Osman Sagar. In 1927 another reservoir was built on Esi (a tributary of Musi) and named Himayat Sagar. These lakes prevented the flooding of the River Musi and are major drinking water sources for Hyderabad city.[6][7]
.jpg)
Pollution[edit | edit source]
In 2022, the Musi river was the 22nd most polluted river in the world.[8]
References and notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kumar, Neeraj (7 October 2024). "River Musi Got Its Name From Sage Muchkunda". The Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
- ↑ Nanisetti, Serish (16 January 2025). "Musi River Historic Buildings on 2025 World Monuments Watch". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
- ↑ Koride, Mahesh (18 January 2025). "Musi heritage sites get top billing in World-Monuments Watch 2025". Times of India. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
- ↑ Ifthekhar, J.S (28 September 2012). "Remembering the deluge of 1908". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ↑ Murali, D (22 April 2006). "Floods proved a blessing in disguise". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Shahid, Sajjad (30 September 2012). "Sitamber: the harbinger of torment". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ↑ "Chequered past". The Hindu. 11 February 2004. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
- ↑ Akbar, Syed (17 May 2022). "Lifeline Musi 22nd most toxic river in the world, virtual drug lab". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 February 2023.