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| | #REDIRECT [[Tropical evergreen forests of India]] |
| [[File:Indian Forest Cover.png|thumb|Indian Forest cover map as of 2015]] | |
| '''Tropical Evergreen forests of India''' are found in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]],<ref name="AN" group=upper-alpha>Andaman and Nicobar Islands coordinates: {{Coord|11.68|92.77|type:adm1st_region:IN-AN|name=Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}</ref> as [[Western Ghats]],<ref name="WG" group=upper-alpha>Western Ghats coordinates: {{Coord|10.167|77.067|type:mountain_region:IN|name=The Western Ghats}}</ref> which fringe the [[Arabian Sea]], the coastline of peninsular [[India]], and the greater [[Assam]] region in the north-east.<ref name="AS" group=upper-alpha>Assam coordinates: {{Coord|26.14|91.77|type:adm1st_region:IN-AS|name=Assam}}</ref> Small remnants of evergreen forest are found in [[Odisha]] state.<ref name="OD" group=upper-alpha>Odisha coordinates: {{Coord|20.15|85.50|type:adm1st_region:IN-OR|name=Odisha}}</ref> Semi-evergreen forest is more extensive than the evergreen formation partly because evergreen forests tend to degrade to semi-evergreen with human interference. There are substantial differences between the three major evergreen forest regions.<ref>(IUCN, 1986 Rodges and Panwar, 1988)</ref>
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| The Western Ghats [[monsoon forest]]s occur both on the western (ghats)margins of the [[coastal]] and on the eastern side where there is less rainfall. These forests contain several tree species of great commercial significance (e.g. Indian rosewood ''([[Dalbergia latifolia]])'', Malabar Kino ''([[Pterocarpus marsupium]])'', teak ''([[Tectona grandis]])'' and Indian laurel ''([[Terminalia crenulata]])''), but they have now been cleared from many areas. In the evergreen forests, there is an enormous number of tree species; at least 60 percent of the trees of the upper canopy are of species which individually contribute not more than one percent of the total number. Clumps of [[bamboo]] occur along streams or in poorly drained hollows throughout the evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of south-west [[India]], probably in areas once cleared for transporting [[agriculture]].
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| The tropical vegetation of north-east India (which includes the states of [[Assam]], [[Nagaland]], [[Manipur]], [[Mizoram]], [[Tripura]] and [[Meghalaya]] as well as the plain regions of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]) typically occurs at elevations up to {{Convert|900|m|ft}}. It embraces evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, moist [[deciduous]] monsoon forests, [[riparian forests]], [[swamp]]s and [[grassland]]s. Evergreen forests are found in the [[Assam Valley]], the foothills of the eastern [[Himalayas]] and the lower parts of the [[Naga Hills]], Meghalaya, Mizoram and [[Manipur]], where the rain fall exceeds {{Convert|2300|mm|in|abbr=on}} per annum. In the Assam Valley the giant Hollong ''([[Dipterocarpus macrocarpus]])'' and ''[[Shorea assamica]]'' occur singly, occasionally attaining a girth of up to {{Convert|7|m|ft}} and a height of up to {{Convert|50|m|ft}}. The monsoon forests are mainly moist sal ''([[Shorea robusta]])'' forests, which occur widely in this region.<ref>(IUCN, 1991)</ref>
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| The Andaman and Nicobar islands have tropical evergreen forests and tropical semi-evergreen forests as well as tropical monsoon forests.<ref>(IUCN, 1986)</ref> The dominant species of [[Dipterocarp timber classification|Keruing wood]] is ''[[Dipterocarpus grandiflorus]]'' in hilly areas, while ''[[Dipterocarpus kerrii]]'' is dominant on some islands in the southern parts of the [[archipelago]]. The monsoon forests of the Andamans are dominated by the Andaman Redwood ''([[Pterocarpus dalbergioides]])'' and ''[[Terminalia spp]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wild-india.com/Habitates/forest.html |title=Forest in India,Tropical Forest in India,Rain Forest India,Indian Forests |publisher=Wild-india.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-31}}</ref>{{Better source|date=September 2014|reason=Typical commercial aggregator}}
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| Tropical forests in India's east present a total contrast with the [[pine]] and [[coniferous]] woodland of the Western [[Himalayas]]. The natural cover of India varies with altitude; these evergreen forests are bounded with high [[alpine climate|alpine]] [[meadows]] nearer to the snowline and temperate forests of short stout trees at lower elevations. In the Himalayan foothills are deciduous trees, with shrubs, bamboo, [[fern]]s and [[grass]].
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| India's northern plains, the course of the holy rivers [[Ganges]] and [[Yamuna]]; the [[Thar Desert]] in the west; the [[Sundarbans]], the marshy swamplands, in the delta of the [[Ganges]] and the [[Brahmaputra]], in the east; the [[Deccan Plateau]], lying in the rain shadow of the hills and the Western Ghats with their dense; luxuriant forests – all provide fascinating variations in habitats. These forests sustain 350 species of mammals, 2,100{{Citation needed|date=September 2014|reason=Said "2, 100". Not clear what it was supposed to be. 2100 seems like a lot}} kinds of birds (both local and migratory), nearly 350 species of reptile and countless insects.
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| Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems-water,air and soil. It helps reserve the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species.
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| The need for conservation of the environment and the forests has exercised the minds of Indian rulers from the earliest of times. In recent times, it was the administrators and princely rulers who demarcated and reserved forests as private preserves. Today many of the forested regions form the nucleus of India's wildlife sanctuaries and parks. Still, increasing population, hunting and encroachments continues to threaten India's forest lands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianwildlifeportal.com/indian-rain-forest/ |title=Indian Rainforest,India Rainforests,Rainforest Travel,Rain Forest,Rainforests in India |publisher=Indianwildlifeportal.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-31}}</ref>{{Better source|date=September 2014|reason=Typical commercial aggregator}}
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]]
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| == Notes ==
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| {{Notelist-ua}}
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| [[Category:Forests of India]]
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| [[Category:Geography of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
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| [[Category:Tropical rainforests of India]]
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