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{{short description| | {{short description|Student wing of the Awami League}}{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} | ||
{{use dmy dates|date=August | {{use dmy dates|date=August 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox political | {{Infobox political youth organization | ||
| name = Bangladesh Chhatra League | | name = Bangladesh Chhatra League | ||
| native_name = বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ | | native_name = বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ | ||
| | | colorcode= red | ||
| logo = Logo of Bangladesh Chhatra League.svg | | logo = Logo of Bangladesh Chhatra League.svg | ||
| caption = Bangladesh Chhatra League Badge | | caption = Bangladesh Chhatra League Badge | ||
| | | flag = [[File:বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগের পতাকা.svg|200px]] | ||
| | | logo2 = | ||
| leader = | | caption2 = | ||
| president = Saddam Hussain | | leader = | ||
| | | deputy leader = | ||
| | | president = [[Saddam Hussain (Chhatra League)|Saddam Hussain]] | ||
| | | secretary general =Sheikh Wali Asif Enan | ||
| | | slogan = ''[[Joy Bangla (slogan)|Joy Bangla]], Joy Bangabandhu''<br />('Victory to [[Bengal]], victory to [[Bangabandhu]]') | ||
| | | treasurer = | ||
| | | national secretary = | ||
| | | national treasurer = | ||
| | | regional vice-chair = | ||
| spokesperson = | | executive director = | ||
| | | political director = | ||
| finance director = | |||
| website director = | |||
| spokesperson = | |||
| field director = | |||
| honorary chair = | |||
| honorary president = | |||
| founded = {{start date and age|1948|01|04|df=yes}} | | founded = {{start date and age|1948|01|04|df=yes}} | ||
| | | dissolved = {{start date and age|2024|10|23|df=yes}} (Banned) | ||
| | | split from = | ||
| | | preceded by = [[East Pakistan Students' League]] | ||
| | | merged into = | ||
| | | succeeded by = | ||
| | | headquarters = | ||
| membership = | |||
| ideology = {{hlist|[[Mujibism]]| [[Bengali nationalism]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/chhatra-league-was-the-main-foot-soldier-of-fascism-cas-press-secretary |title=Chhatra League was the main foot soldier of fascism: CA's press secretary |date=9 November 2024 |website=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)|The Financial Express]] |agency=[[Bdnews24.com]] |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref>}} | |||
| position = | |||
| colours = | |||
| mother party = | |||
| state party = | |||
| international =[[International Union of Students]] | |||
| national = [[Bangladesh Awami League]] | |||
| newspaper = | |||
| magazine = | |||
| website = | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bangladesh Chhatra League''',{{efn|~{{langx|bn|বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ|Baṅladeś Chatrōlig|Bangladesh Students' League}}, Bangla pronunciation: {{IPA|bn|ˈbɑŋlɑd̪eːʃ ˈʧʰɑːt̪roliɡ}}:{{small|abbr.}} '''BCL'''/'''BSL'''}} simply '''Chhatra League''' ({{IPA|bn|বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ}}), is the student wing of the [[Awami League|Bangladesh Awami League]], founded by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] on 4 January 1948. Historically involved in major movements such as the [[Bengali language movement|1952 Language Movement]], [[Bangladesh Liberation War|1971 Liberation War]] and [[1990 Bangladesh mass uprising|1990 Anti-Authoritarian Movement]], the organisation later became notorious for widespread violence, including killings, drugs dealing, extortion, and alleged forced prostitution.{{efn|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/10/father-demands-justice-after-beating-to-death-of-student-in-dhaka |title=Father demands justice after student beaten to death in Bangladesh |author1=Rebecca Ratcliffe |author2=Redwan Ahmed |date=2019-10-10 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2019-10-17 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204182323/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/10/father-demands-justice-after-beating-to-death-of-student-in-dhaka |archive-date=4 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49979097 |title=Killing of Bangladesh student triggers protests |work=[[BBC News]] |date=2019-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924014934/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49979097 |access-date=2019-10-17 |archive-date=24 September 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-central-asia_bangladesh-student-killing-sparks-university-protests/6177190.html |title=Bangladesh Student Killing Sparks University Protests |work=[[Voice of America]] |language=en |access-date=2019-10-17}}</ref><ref name="ds11Oct2019">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/spotlight/news/terror-rising-1811842 |title=Terror Rising |date=2019-10-11 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/10/father-demands-justice-after-beating-to-death-of-student-in-dhaka |title=Father demands justice after student beaten to death in Bangladesh |author1=Rebecca Ratcliffe |author2=Redwan Ahmed |date=2019-10-10 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2019-10-17 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49979097 |title=Killing of Bangladesh student triggers protests |work=[[BBC News]] |date=2019-10-08 |access-date=2019-10-17 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="na29Sep2022">{{cite news |date=29 September 2022 |title=Women leaders seek probe into allegations |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/182330/women-leaders-seek-probe-into-allegations |access-date=29 September 2022 |newspaper=[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Debdutta |title=From fighting for freedom to several rape allegations & now a ban. All about Bangladesh Chhatra League |url=https://theprint.in/world/from-fighting-for-freedom-to-violence-rape-allegations-now-a-ban-fall-of-bangladesh-chhatra-league/2326938/ |access-date=8 August 2025 |work=[[The Print]] |date=24 October 2024}}</ref>}} | |||
The [[Yunus ministry|interim government of Bangladesh]] banned the organisation on 23 October 2024 under the [[Anti-Terrorism Act, 2009]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-29 |title=What is happening at the quota-reform protests in Bangladesh? |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/what-is-happening-at-the-quota-reform-protests-in-bangladesh/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Ruma |date=2024-10-24 |title=Bangladesh bans student wing of ousted Sheikh Hasina's party |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/bangladesh-bans-student-wing-ousted-sheikh-hasinas-party-2024-10-24/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> citing its alleged involvement in terrorism and human rights violations, including the [[July massacre|suppression]] of protests during the [[July Revolution (Bangladesh)|2024 July Revolution]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=23 October 2024 |title=Govt bans Chhatra League |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/7gocxbtqu6 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ban" /> | |||
[[Saddam Hussain (Chhatra League)|Saddam Hussain]], the current president of BCL, is facing criminal investigations for his alleged involvement in the [[July massacre]], with a warrant issued for his arrest. Most of the top members of the organisation, including its president and general secretary, went into hiding following the [[Resignation of Sheikh Hasina|resignation and ousting]] of Awami League chief [[Sheikh Hasina]] as the Prime Minister of the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-18 |title=Chhatra League leaders Saddam, Inan, Shayan among 128 expelled by DU |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/chhatra-league-leaders-saddam-inan-shayan-among-128-expelled-du-1095796 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title=Attempt to murder case filed against BCL president Saddam, 65 others |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/attempt-murder-case-filed-against-bcl-president-saddam-65-others-951146 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
On 4 January 1948, the East Pakistan Muslim Chhatra League was established by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at a meeting in [[Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall]] at the [[University of Dhaka]]. | On 4 January 1948, the East Pakistan Muslim Chhatra League was established by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at a meeting in [[Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall]] at the [[University of Dhaka]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:ইতিহাসের পাতায় বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/211608/%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97 |access-date=2023-03-27 |work=The Daily Ittefaq |language=bn}}</ref> Naeemuddin Ahmed was the first convener of BSL,<ref>{{Cite book |author=Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |title=The Unfinished Memoirs |date=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-906358-1 |location=Karachi |pages=93–94}}</ref> while [[Khaleque Nawaz Khan]] was the founder general secretary of the Chhatra League.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |title=The Unfinished Memoirs |date=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-906358-1 |location=Karachi |page=135}}</ref> | ||
The Chhatra League played an important role in the [[Bengali language movement|Bengali Language Movement]] of 1952 through breaking curfews with their protests.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The Chhatra League led student protests against the Shariff Commission recommendations in the [[1962 East Pakistan Education movement]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The organisation's name was changed to the Bangladesh Chhatra League after the Independence of Bangladesh in 1971. | |||
The | |||
During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], the Bangladesh Chhatra League was a key player, but in 1972, it broke up into two factions based on their allegiance to Shekh Mujibur Rahman.<ref>{{Cite web |author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |title=Information on the Bangladesh Chhatra League |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab6390.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> The group was a pioneer in the [[1952 language movement|1952 Language Movement]], the 1954 general election victory of the [[United Front (East Pakistan)]], the anti-Aiyub movement in 1958, the education movement in 1962, the [[Six point movement|Six-Point movement]] in 1966, the [[1969 East Pakistan mass uprising]], and the [[1970 Pakistani general election]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chhatra League's 74th founding anniversary today |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/159049/chhatra-leagues-74th-founding-anniversary-today |access-date=2022-12-11 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref> | |||
During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, members of the Chhatra League were recruited into the [[Mujib Bahini]] (also known as the Bengal Liberation Force),<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mujib Bahini during Liberation War |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/special-issues/victory-day-2021-50-years-of-bangladesh/the-mujib-bahini-during-liberation-war-1639581890 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> an armed group trained by India's foreign intelligence agency, the [[Research and Analysis Wing]]. However, their exact involvement in the war is disputed, with [[Zafrullah Chowdhury]] stating, "The Mujib Bahini did not fight the liberation war."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Taib |last2=Islam |first2=Khadimul |date=16 December 2014 |title='Mujib Bahini didn't fight liberation war' |url=http://newagebd.net/77152/mujib-bahini-didnt-fight-liberation-war/#sthash.ZMNsQNLM.dpbs |newspaper=New Age |access-date=21 May 2016 |archive-date=5 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005221540/http://newagebd.net/77152/mujib-bahini-didnt-fight-liberation-war/#sthash.ZMNsQNLM.dpbs |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2014, [[A. K. Khandker]] was sued for accusing the Mujib Bahini of hooliganism and looting during the war in his book ''1971: Bhetore Baire''.<ref>{{cite news |title=AK Khandker sued for 'Mujib Bahini's looting' claim |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/ak-khandker-sued-for-mujib-bahinis-looting-claim-41063 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=10 September 2014 |access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> | |||
On 23 October 2024, the [[government of Bangladesh]] banned the organisation with designation of the organisation as a terrorist organisation under [[Anti-Terrorism Act, 2009]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Interim govt bans Chhatra League |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/bcl-banned-terrorist-organisation-asif-mahmud-974416 |work=[[The Business Standard]] |date=23 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Govt bans Chhatra League |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/politics/news/govt-bans-chhatra-league-3734816 |work=The Daily Star |date=23 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/bangladesh-government-cracks-down-on-student-wing-of-sheikh-hasinas-awami-league-bans-it-under-anti-terror-law/articleshow/114516054.cms |title=Bangladesh government bans student wing of Sheikh Hasina's Awami League under anti-terror law |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 October 2024}}</ref> | |||
==== | === Ban === | ||
[[File:Instant celebrations followed the designation of Bangladesh Chhatra League as a terrorist organization in Sholoshohor, Chittagong.jpg|thumb|Celebration following ban and designation of BCL as a terrorist organization in [[Chittagong–Cox's Bazar line#History|Sholoshohor]], [[Chittagong]]]] | |||
On 23 October 2024, [[Yunus ministry|Bangladesh's interim government]] officially banned the organisation in response to acts of violence committed by its members and leaders from 2008 to 2024. The decision followed the BCL's involvement in violent incidents during the [[Student–People's uprising]]. The [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]' [[Public Security Division]] issued a gazette notification announcing the ban, invoking provisions of the [[Anti-Terrorism Act, 2009|Anti-Terrorism Act of 2009]], with specific reference to the group's role in the [[July massacre]].<ref name='Ban'>{{Cite news |date=23 October 2024 |script-title=bn:এস.আর.ও. নং ৩৬৯-আইন/২০২৪।--"বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ" নামীয় ছাত্র সংগঠনকে নিষিদ্ধ সত্ত্বা হিসাবে তালিকাভুক্ত করা প্রসঙ্গে। |url=https://www.dpp.gov.bd/upload_file/gazettes/56064_75537.pdf |access-date=23 October 2024 |work=Ministry of Home Affairs (Bangladesh) |language=bn}}</ref> | |||
=== Structure === | |||
{|class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|'''Motto''' | |||
|Education, Peace, Progress | |||
|- | |||
|'''Unit number''' | |||
|111{{efn|Main unit being the [[University of Dhaka]] Unit}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''Organizational Guardian''' | |||
|[[Sheikh Hasina]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Rasel |script-title=bn:৭৩ বছরে ছাত্রলীগ |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/politics/article1844068.bdnews |access-date=2021-01-29 |work=bdnews24.com |language=bn}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
== | == Role in the 1971 Liberation War == | ||
[[File:Sheikh Hasina at Bangladesh Chhatra League Conference Inauguration, Suhrawardy Udyan, Dhaka, 2022-12-06 (PID-0019631).jpg|thumb|[[Sheikh Hasina]], inaugurates Bangladesh Chhatra League Conference in 2022.]] | |||
The Bangladesh Chhatra League (BCL), the student wing of the [[Awami League]], played a significant organizational and mobilizing role during the events leading up to and throughout the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|1971 Liberation War]]. As one of the largest student political bodies in East Pakistan, the BCL contributed to mass mobilization, resistance coordination, and youth participation in the war effort.<ref>{{cite web |title=Student Politics and the Liberation Movement |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/student-politics-liberation-war |publisher=The Daily Star |access-date=2025-02-13}}</ref> | |||
=== | === Political Activism Prior to 1971 === | ||
From the 1950s onward, BCL was active in major political movements such as the [[Bengali Language Movement|Language Movement of 1952]], the [[Six point movement|Six-Point Movement]], the 1962 Education Movement, and the [[1969 East Pakistan mass uprising|1969 uprising in East Pakistan]]. The organization played an important role in mobilizing students against the military regimes of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Role of Students in the 1969 Uprising |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/01/18/students-and-the-1969-movement |publisher=BDNews24 |access-date=2025-02-13}}</ref> Following the [[1970 Pakistani general election|1970 general election]] and the Awami League’s victory, BCL activists organized rallies, strikes, and campus-based political campaigns supporting Bengali autonomy. | |||
=== | === Response to Operation Searchlight === | ||
When the Pakistan Army launched [[Operation Searchlight]] on 25 March 1971, BCL leaders and activists were among those targeted in the initial attacks on student dormitories at the [[University of Dhaka]], including [[Jagannath Hall]] and [[Iqbal Hall]] (now Shaheed Sergeant Zahurul Haq Hall).<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhaka University Under Attack in 1971 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-228632 |publisher=The Daily Star |access-date=2025-02-13}}</ref> Surviving activists played a key role in early resistance activities by organizing local defense efforts, disseminating information, and establishing links with emerging guerrilla groups. | |||
=== | === Participation in the Mukti Bahini === | ||
A | A large number of BCL activists joined the [[Mukti Bahini]] as guerrilla fighters, intelligence operatives, and logistics personnel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Students in the Mukti Bahini |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2011/12/14/students-and-the-war |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=2025-02-13}}</ref> They served in several sectors, particularly [[List of sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War|Sector 2]] in the Dhaka–Cumilla region, [[List of sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War|Sector 7]] in the Rajshahi region, and [[Sector 9]] in the Khulna–Barishal region. BCL networks facilitated the recruitment of youth fighters and helped maintain communication between resistance groups and the [[Government of Bangladesh in exile|Mujibnagar Government]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukti Bahini Organisation and Youth Participation |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2012/03/independence-day/pg20.htm |publisher=The Daily Star |access-date=2025-02-13}}</ref> | ||
=== | === Intelligence, Logistics, and Communication === | ||
BCL members contributed significantly to underground operations by delivering intelligence reports to sector commanders, maintaining safe houses across Dhaka, Sylhet, and Khulna, transporting weapons and medical supplies, and guiding guerrilla units through urban and rural areas. These activities were essential in sustaining resistance networks after the collapse of regular administrative institutions. | |||
=== Role in Publicity and International Outreach === | |||
BCL volunteers assisted in producing underground leaflets and bulletins and contributed to programming for the [[Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra]], which broadcast patriotic content to mobilize public support.<ref>{{cite web |title=Broadcasting the Liberation Struggle |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2011/12/14/students-and-the-war |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=2025-02-13}}</ref> Some activists also collaborated with Indian youth groups and political organizations to raise international awareness of atrocities committed in East Pakistan. | |||
=== | === Casualties and Martyrdom === | ||
Many Chhatra League activists were killed during the conflict, particularly in the March 1971 military crackdown at the University of Dhaka and in subsequent combat operations. Numerous BCL members have been recognized officially as freedom fighters and martyrs. | |||
=== | === Post-Independence Influence === | ||
Following independence, former BCL activists rose to prominent positions within the [[Awami League]], the national government, academia, and civil society. The organization continues to highlight its participation in the Liberation War as a significant part of its political heritage.<ref>{{cite web |title=BCL’s Liberation War Legacy |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/history-bangladesh-chhatra-league |publisher=The Business Standard |access-date=2025-02-13}}</ref> | |||
==Violence and terrorism== | |||
=== Sexual misconduct and violence against women === | |||
Since the 1990s, the Chhatra League has faced numerous allegations regarding rape, sexual violence, and the use of fear to suppress women.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Zyma |last1=Islam |first2=Md Shahnawaz |last2=Khan Chandan |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/spotlight/fear-part-the-curriculum-1528483 |title=Fear, a part of the curriculum |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="thedailystar.net">{{cite news |first=Meer Ahsan |last=Habib |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/perspective/rape-impunity-and-power-then-and-now-1442611 |title=Rape, impunity and power—then and now |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref> In 1998, the celebration of rape by leaders at [[Jahangirnagar University]] triggered the [[1999 JU Anti-Rape Movement]], resulting in the expulsion of the unit's general secretary and his followers.<ref name="thedailystar.net"/> | |||
In 2015, activists were implicated in the mass sexual harassment of women during [[Pohela Boishakh]] celebrations at [[Dhaka University]], where police allegedly failed to intervene despite witnessing the assaults.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2015/04/15/boishakh-celebration-women-harassed-near-tsc |title=Boishakh celebration: Women harassed near TSC |date=2015-04-15 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/outrage-over-sex-assault-77496 |title=Outrage over sex assault |date=2015-04-16 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/2019/04/14/4-years-on-no-progress-in-pohela-boishakh-sexual-harassment-trial |title=4 years on, no progress in Pohela Boishakh sexual harassment trial |date=2019-04-14 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2015/04/19/chhatra-league-reins-in-its-women |title=Chhatra League reins in its women |date=2015-04-19 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref> | |||
==== | Further incidents include the 2020 gang rape of a woman at [[Murari Chand College]] hostel, confirmed by DNA evidence;<ref name="The Daily Star">{{Cite news |date=2020-09-28 |title=BCL reign over MC College: Crimes thrive on factional politics |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/bcl-reign-over-sylhet-mc-college-crimes-thrive-factional-politics-1968633 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Husband held hostage, wife gang-raped before 'BCL men's room' in college hostel |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime-and-law/husband-held-hostage-wife-gang-raped-before-bcl-mens-room-in-college-hostel |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=en |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gang rape at MC College hostel: Case filed against 6 BCL men, 3 others |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime-and-law/gang-rape-at-mc-college-hostel-case-filed-against-6-bcl-men-3-others |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=en |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-27 |title=MC College rape: Court records victim's statement |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/mc-college-rape-court-records-victims-statement-1968373 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-30 |title=DNA report confirms MC College gang rape |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2020/11/30/dna-report-confirms-mc-college-gang-rape |access-date=2020-11-30 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=DNA report shows involvement of accused in MC College gang rape |url=https://www.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/dna-report-shows-involvement-of-accused-in-mc-college-gang-rape-1606728196 |access-date=2020-11-30 |work=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)]] |location=[[Dhaka]] |language=en}}</ref> the alleged gang rape of a tourist in [[Cox's Bazar]];<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/tourist-raped-coxs-bazar-2924216 |title=Tourist raped in Cox's Bazar |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref> and sexual assaults at the [[University of Chittagong]], where investigations were reportedly obstructed by political figures.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/cu-sexual-assault-fingers-pointed-bcl-men-3076216 |title=CU sexual assault: Fingers pointed at BCL men |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CU sexual assault: Arrestees are BCL activists, supporters, Rab says |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/cu-sexual-assault-rab-arrests-4-direct-involvement-3077221 |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=The Daily Star |date=23 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Two other students demand justice for previous incidents |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/y0gpn1sihj |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |date=25 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, allegations of a "sex trade" ring run by BCL leadership surfaced at [[Eden Mohila College]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2022 |script-title=bn:সুন্দরীদের বাছাই করে ব্যবসা, ইডেন কলেজ ছাত্রলীগ নেত্রীর অভিযোগ |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/959627.details |newspaper=[[Banglanews24.com]] |access-date=29 September 2022 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926135519/https://www.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/959627.details |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 September 2022 |title=Women leaders seek probe into allegations |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/182330/women-leaders-seek-probe-into-allegations |newspaper=[[New Age (Bangladesh)]] |access-date=29 September 2022 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929214139/https://www.newagebd.net/article/182330/women-leaders-seek-probe-into-allegations |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
[[ | === Homicides and physical assaults === | ||
The organization has been linked to several high-profile murders and violent attacks. In 2012, 24-year-old tailor [[Murder of Biswajit Das|Biswajit Das]] was hacked to death by BCL activists near Jagannath University; eight members were eventually sentenced to death.<ref name="ds3Jun2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/21-bcl-men-indicted |title=21 BCL men indicted |date=3 June 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=2017-08-03}}</ref><ref name="bdn18Dec2013">{{cite news |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/eight-to-die-for-biswajit-murder |title=Eight to die for Biswajit murder, 13 get life |newspaper=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=18 December 2013 |access-date=2017-08-03}}</ref><ref name="livemint">{{cite news |url=http://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/jmtTMbVQ4hRsD3YibeglWO/Bangladesh-sentences-eight-students-to-death-for-murder.html |title=Bangladesh sentences eight students to death for murder |date=18 December 2013 |newspaper=[[LiveMint]] |agency=Agence France-Presse |access-date=2017-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25431557 |title=Bangladesh sentences eight students to death for murder |date=18 December 2013 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/8-awami-activists-get-death-for-murder-of-hindu-man/article5474260.ece |title=8 Awami activists get death for murder of Hindu man |date=18 December 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> In October 2019, [[Murder of Abrar Fahad|Abrar Fahad]], a student at [[Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology|BUET]], was tortured and beaten to death by BCL leaders in his dormitory, leading to death sentences for 20 convicts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Abrar Fahad: Killing of Bangladesh student triggers protests |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49979097 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203203527/https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-asia-49979097 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |access-date=9 October 2019 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=9 held over Buet student Abrar murder |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/6-identified-and-4-held-dmp-says-for-buet-student-abrar-death-1810567?amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008022202/https://www.thedailystar.net/city/6-identified-and-4-held-dmp-says-for-buet-student-abrar-death-1810567?amp |archive-date=8 October 2019 |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref><ref name="Cause of death">{{cite news |date=7 October 2019 |title=Autopsy report: Abrar was beaten to death |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2019/10/07/autopsy-report-says-abrar-was-beaten-to-death |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008011421/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2019/10/07/autopsy-report-says-abrar-was-beaten-to-death |archive-date=8 October 2019 |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Buet student beaten to death: Critical FB post costs him his life? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/buet-student-beaten-death-critical-fb-post-costs-his-life-1810798 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015121326/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/buet-student-beaten-death-critical-fb-post-costs-his-life-1810798 |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Abrar murder: 3 more Buet students arrested |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/10-remanded-buet-student-abrar-murder-case-1810987 |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> | |||
==== | Other fatal incidents include the 2022 killing of courier [[Killing of Nahid Hossain|Nahid Hossain]] during clashes in Dhaka's New Market area,<ref>{{Cite web |last=প্রতিবেদক |first=নিজস্ব |date=28 April 2022 |script-title=bn:ডেলিভারিম্যান নাহিদ হত্যায় গ্রেপ্তার পাঁচজন রিমান্ডে |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-22 |title=A murder Most foul |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/murder-most-foul-3009636 |access-date=2022-04-22 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> and the 2024 mob lynching of [[Killing of Tofazzal Hossain|Tofazzal Hossain]] at Dhaka University's Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2024 |title=Youth suspected of theft beaten to death at DU |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/youth-beaten-death-du-after-being-suspected-thief-944861 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Suspected thief killed in 'mass beating' at DU |url=https://www.thesouthasiantimesbd.com/crimes-law/news/23585 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=The South Asian Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 September 2024 |title=Six DU students accused of Tofazzal murder belong to Chhatra League |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/491187 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 September 2024 |script-title=bn:ঢাবিতে তোফাজ্জল হত্যায় আটক পাঁচজনই ছাত্রলীগের নেতা-কর্মী |url=https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/education/492399 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=[[Jaijaidin]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2024 |title=Mob lynching at DU: 6 students, including ex-BCL leader, arrested |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/mob-lynching-du-5-students-including-ex-bcl-leader-arrested-945391 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> Internal factionalism also resulted in violence, such as the 2018 shooting during a leadership clash at [[Shahjalal University of Science and Technology]].<ref name="shot 2018">{{cite news |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/142409 |title=Student shot during BCL infighting at SUST |date=21 March 2018 |work=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)]] |location=[[Dhaka]] |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206050619/https://www.theindependentbd.com/post/142409 |archive-date=6 December 2022}}</ref> | ||
{{ | |||
=== | On 12 December, 2025, [[Osman Hadi|Sharif Osman Hadi]] , the founder of [[Inqilab Moncho]] and an independent candidate for the [[Dhaka-8]] constituency, was shot by assailants associated with the Chhatra League.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-12-18 |title=Osman Hadi attempted murder How weapon was moved to Narsingdi |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime-and-law/59hpt5cor0 |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> He later died from his injuries on 18 December 2025 while undergoing treatment at [[Singapore General Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inqilab Mancha spokesperson Sharif Osman Hadi dies |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/399048/inqilab-mancha-osman-hadi%E2%80%99s-surgery-in-singapore |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==== | === Political violence and suppression === | ||
The BCL was frequently accused of using violence to suppress student protests and opposition movements. During the [[2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement]], members were filmed attacking protesters with hammers and sticks at Rajshahi University, drawing criticism for police inaction.<ref name="rajshahi_police_2018_07_09_dailystar_net">{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/rajshahi-police-saw-nothing-1602220 |title=Rajshahi police saw nothing! |date=9 July 2018 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=16 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="injured_quota_protester_2018_07_08_dhaka_tribune">{{cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2018/07/08/injured-quota-reform-activist-tariqul-being-moved-to-dhaka-for-treatment |title=Injured quota protester Tariqul moved to Dhaka |date=8 July 2018 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=16 August 2018}}</ref> Shortly after, during the [[2018 Bangladesh road safety protests]], helmeted BCL members allegedly assaulted journalists and demonstrators.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2018/08/04/live-students-block-streets-in-uttara |title=Minute by the minute: Saturday's protest ends with violence in Jigatola |date=4 August 2018 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=2018-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/5-photojournalists-hurt-in-bcl-men-attack-science-lab-dhaka-student-protest-for-safe-roads-1616251 |title=5 photojournalists hurt in 'BCL attack' |date=5 August 2018 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=2018-08-05 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/160959 |title=6 photojournalists injured in attacks by 'BCL' |date=5 August 2018 |newspaper=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)]] |location=[[Dhaka]] |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206050600/https://www.theindependentbd.com/post/160959 |archive-date=6 December 2022}}</ref> [[Reporters Without Borders]] also noted attacks by BCL affiliates on journalists covering the 2020 Dhaka city elections.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://rsf.org/en/bangladesh |title=Tougher politics, more press freedom violations |date=29 April 2020 |work=Reporters Without Borders |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429101439/https://rsf.org/en/bangladesh |access-date=2020-09-12 |archive-date=29 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
In 2021, BCL leaders threatened and attacked [[2021 Bangladesh Anti-Modi Protest|anti-Modi protesters]], contributing to clashes that resulted in multiple fatalities.<ref>{{cite news |title=DU BCL president threatens to 'peel off the skin' of anti-Modi protesters on campus |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/du-bcl-president-threatens-peel-the-skin-anti-modi-protesters-campus-2063041 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Clashes break out in Baitul Mukarram area |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/clashes-break-out-at-baitul-mukarram-area |work=Prothom Alo |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=5 shot dead during clashes in Brahmanbaria |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/5-shot-dead-during-clashes-brahmanbaria-2067741 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> The violence culminated during the [[Student–People's uprising|2024 Student-People's uprising]], where BCL members worked alongside law enforcement to suppress the [[2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement|quota reform movement]]. The ensuing [[July massacre|crackdown]] allegedly resulted in over a thousand deaths and thousands of injuries, leading to the organization's ban under anti-terrorism laws.<ref>{{cite web |last1=প্রতিবেদক |first1=নিজস্ব |script-title=bn:চট্টগ্রামে ছাত্রলীগের সঙ্গে আন্দোলনকারীদের সংঘর্ষে নিহত ২ |url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/youth/education/campus/news-598771 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] Bangla |language=bn |date=16 July 2024}}</ref><ref name='1000 death'>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/more-than-1000-killed-bangladesh-violence-since-july-health-ministry-chief-says-2024-08-29/#:~:text=DHAKA%2C%20Aug%2029%20(Reuters),history%20since%20its%201971%20independence. |title=More than 1,000 killed in Bangladesh violence since July, health ministry chief says |website=[[Reuters]] |date=29 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="shohid.info">{{Cite web |script-title=bn:রক্তাক্ত জুলাই' মুক্তির মন্দির সোপান তলে... |url=https://shohid.info/ |language=bn |website=shohid.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newagebd.net/post/politics/240302/350-injured-as-bcl-attacks-quota-protesters |title=350 injured as BCL attacks quota protesters |website=[[New Age (Bangladesh)]] |date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715222958/https://www.newagebd.net/post/politics/240302/350-injured-as-bcl-attacks-quota-protesters |archive-date=15 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/lehguy1j3s |script-title=bn:আহত ২৯৭ জন ঢাকা মেডিকেলে চিকিৎসা নেন |title=Āhata 297 jana ḍhākā mēḍikēlē cikiṯsā nēna |trans-title=297 injured people were treated at Dhaka Medical |website=[[Prothom Alo]] |date=15 July 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailymessenger.net/bangladesh/news/24152 |title=Clash involving BCL, around 250 quota protesters injured |website=www.dailymessenger |date=15 July 2024}}</ref> | |||
=== Communal violence === | |||
BCL leaders have been implicated in the [[2021 Bangladesh communal violence|2021 anti-Hindu violence]] in [[Chandpur district|Chandpur]] and [[Rangpur district|Rangpur]]. Investigations revealed that local BCL activists collaborated with religious leaders to incite attacks on temples and Hindu villages following fabricated blasphemy allegations.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 October 2021 |title=Pirganj Communal Violence: BCL man sparked the blaze |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/pirganj-communal-violence-bcl-man-sparked-the-blaze-2204896 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 October 2021 |title=Hajiganj mayhem began with Facebook post like previous incidents of communal violence |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/pattern-always-the-same-2202321 |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> | |||
=== July Uprising === | |||
[[File:Sheikh Hasina Consoles Injured Bangladesh Chhatra League Activists 2024-07-29 (PID-0007076).jpg|thumb|Women activists of the Bangladesh Chhatra League, claiming to have been injured by general students during the [[2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement|quota reform protests]], met Sheikh Hasina at Ganabhaban on 29 July 2024.]] | |||
During the [[July Uprising]] in Bangladesh, activists of the Bangladesh Chhatra League were widely accused of carrying out attacks on students protesting reforms to the public service quota system. Clashes between BCL activists and demonstrators occurred on several university campuses, particularly at University of Dhaka, where protesters reported being assaulted with sticks, iron rods, and bricks. Hundreds of people were injured in these confrontations, including female students. In some incidents, BCL activists also entered the emergency department of [[Dhaka Medical College Hospital]], where injured protesters were receiving treatment, causing panic and disrupting medical services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=July 15, 2024: Chhatra League attacks quota protesters |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/july-15-2024-chhatra-league-attacks-quota-protesters-3939786 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Corea |first=Harindrini |last2=Erum |first2=Nazia |date=2024-07-29 |title=What is happening at the quota-reform protests in Bangladesh? |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/what-is-happening-at-the-quota-reform-protests-in-bangladesh/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=What’s behind Bangladesh’s violent quota protests? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/16/whats-behind-bangladeshs-violent-quota-protests |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== | == Presidents and general-secretaries == | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | ||
! | ! | ||
| Line 136: | Line 146: | ||
!Later role/Affiliation | !Later role/Affiliation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | 1 | | align="left" |1 | ||
|1970-72 | |1970-72 | ||
|[[Nur-e-Alam Siddiqui]] | |[[Nur-e-Alam Siddiqui]] | ||
| Line 227: | Line 153: | ||
|Minister & MP from [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]] | |Minister & MP from [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |2 | ||
|1972-1972 | |1972-1972 | ||
|[[Nur-e-Alam Siddiqui]] | |[[Nur-e-Alam Siddiqui]] | ||
|Businessman | |Businessman | ||
|[[Ismat Kadir | |[[Ismat Kadir Gama]] | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |3 | ||
|1972-1973 | |1972-1973 | ||
|[[Sheikh Shahidul Islam]] | |[[Sheikh Shahidul Islam]] | ||
| Line 241: | Line 167: | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |4 | ||
|1973-74 | |1973-74 | ||
|[[Monirul Haq Chowdhury]] | |[[Monirul Haq Chowdhury]] | ||
| Line 248: | Line 174: | ||
|MP from [[Awami League]] | |MP from [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |5 | ||
|1976-77 | |1976-77 | ||
|MA Awal (Convenor) | |MA Awal (Convenor) | ||
| Line 255: | Line 181: | ||
|N/A | |N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |6 | ||
|1977-81 | |1977-81 | ||
|[[Obaidul Quader]], MP | |[[Obaidul Quader]], MP | ||
| Line 262: | Line 188: | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |7 | ||
|1981-83 | |1981-83 | ||
|[[Mostofa Jalal Mohiuddin]] | |[[Mostofa Jalal Mohiuddin]] | ||
| Line 269: | Line 195: | ||
|MP from [[Awami League]] | |MP from [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |8 | ||
|1983-85 | |1983-85 | ||
|[[Abdul Mannan (politician, born 1953)|Abdul Mannan]] | |[[Abdul Mannan (politician, born 1953)|Abdul Mannan]] | ||
| Line 276: | Line 202: | ||
|Presidium Member, [[Awami League]] | |Presidium Member, [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |9 | ||
|1986-88 | |1986-88 | ||
|[[Sultan Mohammad Mansur Ahmed]], MP | |[[Sultan Mohammad Mansur Ahmed]], MP | ||
|Parliament member from [[Gono Forum]] | |Parliament member from [[Gono Forum]] | ||
|[[ | |[[Abdur Rahman (Faridpur politician)|Abdur Rahman]], MP | ||
|Joint Secretary, [[Awami League]] | |Joint Secretary, [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |10 | ||
|1988-1990 | |1988-1990 | ||
|Habibur Rahman | |Habibur Rahman | ||
| Line 290: | Line 216: | ||
|Cultural Secretary, [[Awami League]] | |Cultural Secretary, [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |11 | ||
|1990-92 | |1990-92 | ||
|[[Shah-e-Alam|Shahe Alam]] | |[[Shah-e-Alam|Shahe Alam]] | ||
| Line 297: | Line 223: | ||
|Cultural Secretary, [[Awami League]] | |Cultural Secretary, [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |12 | ||
|1992-94 | |1992-94 | ||
|[[Mainuddin Hossain Chowdhury]] | |[[Mainuddin Hossain Chowdhury]] | ||
| Line 304: | Line 230: | ||
|MP from [[Awami League]] | |MP from [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |13 | ||
|1994-98 | |1994-98 | ||
|[[AKM Enamul Haque Shamim]] | |[[AKM Enamul Haque Shamim]] | ||
|MP from [[Awami League]] | |MP from [[Awami League]] | ||
|[[Ishaq Ali Khan Panna]] | |[[Ishaq Ali Khan Panna]] | ||
| | |Businessman<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Ishaque Ali Khan Panna |url=https://fbcci.org/web/profile/mr-ishaque-ali-khan-panna |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=fbcci.org |language=en}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |14 | ||
|1999-02 | |1999-02 | ||
| | |Bahadur Bepari | ||
|Executive Committee member, [[Awami League]] | |Executive Committee member, [[Awami League]] | ||
| | |Ajay Kar Khokon | ||
| | |Awami League leader<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3Ft5eW0YWs |script-title=bn:চলতি মাসে মার্কিন চাপ আরো বাড়বে {{!}} অজয় কর খোকন {{!}} শহিদুল ইসলাম বাবুল {{!}} Episode 7273 |work=Tritiyo Matra |language=bn |access-date=2024-05-02 |via=YouTube}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |15 | ||
|2002-06 | |2002-06 | ||
| | |Liaqat Shikder | ||
|Sub-committee member [[Awami League]] | |Sub-committee member [[Awami League]] | ||
|[[Nazrul Islam Babu]] | |[[Nazrul Islam Babu]] | ||
|MP from [[Awami League]] | |MP from [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |16 | ||
|2006-11 | |2006-11 | ||
|Mahmud Hasan Ripon | |[[Mahmud Hasan Ripon]] | ||
|Active in Gaibandha | |Active in Gaibandha | ||
| | |Mahfuzul Haider Chowdhury Roton | ||
|Inactive in politics | |Inactive in politics | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |17 | ||
|2011-15 | |2011-15 | ||
|HM Badiuzzaman Sohag | |[[HM Badiuzzaman Sohag]] | ||
|Active in [[Bagerhat District|Bagerhat]] [[Awami League]] | |Active in [[Bagerhat District|Bagerhat]] [[Awami League]] | ||
| | |Siddiqui Nazmul Alam | ||
|Resides in UK, inactive<ref>{{Cite | |Resides in UK, inactive<ref>{{Cite news |title=Former BCL leader has four companies in London |url=https://en.banglatribune.com/others/news/75265/Former-BCL-leader-has-four-companies-in-London |access-date=2022-03-12 |work=Bangla Tribune |language=en}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |18 | ||
|2015-2018 | |2015-2018 | ||
| | |Saifur Rahman Sohag | ||
|Active in [[Madaripur District|Madaripur]] [[Awami League]] | |Active in [[Madaripur District|Madaripur]] [[Awami League]] | ||
|SM Zakir Hossain | |SM Zakir Hossain | ||
|Active in Sylhet [[Awami League]] | |Active in Sylhet [[Awami League]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |19 | ||
|2018-2019 | |2018-2019 | ||
|Rezwanul Haque Chowdhury Shovon | |Rezwanul Haque Chowdhury Shovon | ||
| Line 353: | Line 279: | ||
|Inactive in politics | |Inactive in politics | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | | | align="left" |20 | ||
|2019-2022 | |2019-2022 | ||
|Al-Nahean Khan Joy | |Al-Nahean Khan Joy | ||
| Line 359: | Line 285: | ||
|Lekhak Bhattacharjee | |Lekhak Bhattacharjee | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
|- | |||
| align="left" |21 | |||
|2022–present | |||
|[[Saddam Hussain (Chhatra League)|Saddam Hussain]] | |||
|In exile in India after [[Fourth Hasina ministry|Hasina Administration]] fell | |||
|Sheikh Wali Asif Enan | |||
|In exile in India | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 364: | Line 297: | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[List of student organizations in Bangladesh]] | * [[List of student organizations in Bangladesh]] | ||
* [[Criticism of Awami League]] | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | == External links == | ||
* | * {{facebook|bslcentral}} | ||
{{Bangladesh | {{Bangladesh Chhatra League}} | ||
[[Category:Student organisations in Bangladesh]] | [[Category:Student organisations in Bangladesh]] | ||
[[Category:Student wings of political parties in Bangladesh]] | [[Category:Student wings of political parties in Bangladesh]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Awami League wings]] | ||
[[Category:Bangladeshi student movements]] | [[Category:Bangladeshi student movements]] | ||
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1948]] | [[Category:Student organizations established in 1948]] | ||
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]] | |||
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Bangladesh]] | |||
[[Category:Bangladesh Chhatra League]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:14, 23 March 2026
| Bangladesh Chhatra League বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ | |
|---|---|
 Bangladesh Chhatra League Badge | |
| President | Saddam Hussain |
| Secretary General | Sheikh Wali Asif Enan |
| Founded | 4 January 1948 |
| Preceded by | East Pakistan Students' League |
| Dissolved | 23 October 2024 (Banned) |
| Ideology | |
| International affiliation | International Union of Students |
| National affiliation | Bangladesh Awami League |
| Flag | |
 | |
Bangladesh Chhatra League,[lower-alpha 1] simply Chhatra League (bn), is the student wing of the Bangladesh Awami League, founded by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 4 January 1948. Historically involved in major movements such as the 1952 Language Movement, 1971 Liberation War and 1990 Anti-Authoritarian Movement, the organisation later became notorious for widespread violence, including killings, drugs dealing, extortion, and alleged forced prostitution.[lower-alpha 2]
The interim government of Bangladesh banned the organisation on 23 October 2024 under the Anti-Terrorism Act, 2009,[10][11] citing its alleged involvement in terrorism and human rights violations, including the suppression of protests during the 2024 July Revolution.[12][13]
Saddam Hussain, the current president of BCL, is facing criminal investigations for his alleged involvement in the July massacre, with a warrant issued for his arrest. Most of the top members of the organisation, including its president and general secretary, went into hiding following the resignation and ousting of Awami League chief Sheikh Hasina as the Prime Minister of the country.[14][15]
History[edit | edit source]
On 4 January 1948, the East Pakistan Muslim Chhatra League was established by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at a meeting in Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall at the University of Dhaka.[16] Naeemuddin Ahmed was the first convener of BSL,[17] while Khaleque Nawaz Khan was the founder general secretary of the Chhatra League.[18]
The Chhatra League played an important role in the Bengali Language Movement of 1952 through breaking curfews with their protests.[16]
The Chhatra League led student protests against the Shariff Commission recommendations in the 1962 East Pakistan Education movement.[16]
The organisation's name was changed to the Bangladesh Chhatra League after the Independence of Bangladesh in 1971.
During the Bangladesh Liberation War, the Bangladesh Chhatra League was a key player, but in 1972, it broke up into two factions based on their allegiance to Shekh Mujibur Rahman.[19] The group was a pioneer in the 1952 Language Movement, the 1954 general election victory of the United Front (East Pakistan), the anti-Aiyub movement in 1958, the education movement in 1962, the Six-Point movement in 1966, the 1969 East Pakistan mass uprising, and the 1970 Pakistani general election.[20]
During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, members of the Chhatra League were recruited into the Mujib Bahini (also known as the Bengal Liberation Force),[21] an armed group trained by India's foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing. However, their exact involvement in the war is disputed, with Zafrullah Chowdhury stating, "The Mujib Bahini did not fight the liberation war."[22] In 2014, A. K. Khandker was sued for accusing the Mujib Bahini of hooliganism and looting during the war in his book 1971: Bhetore Baire.[23]
On 23 October 2024, the government of Bangladesh banned the organisation with designation of the organisation as a terrorist organisation under Anti-Terrorism Act, 2009.[24][25][26]
Ban[edit | edit source]
On 23 October 2024, Bangladesh's interim government officially banned the organisation in response to acts of violence committed by its members and leaders from 2008 to 2024. The decision followed the BCL's involvement in violent incidents during the Student–People's uprising. The Ministry of Home Affairs' Public Security Division issued a gazette notification announcing the ban, invoking provisions of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2009, with specific reference to the group's role in the July massacre.[13]
Structure[edit | edit source]
| Motto | Education, Peace, Progress |
| Unit number | 111[lower-alpha 3] |
| Organizational Guardian | Sheikh Hasina[27] |
Role in the 1971 Liberation War[edit | edit source]
.jpg)
The Bangladesh Chhatra League (BCL), the student wing of the Awami League, played a significant organizational and mobilizing role during the events leading up to and throughout the 1971 Liberation War. As one of the largest student political bodies in East Pakistan, the BCL contributed to mass mobilization, resistance coordination, and youth participation in the war effort.[28]
Political Activism Prior to 1971[edit | edit source]
From the 1950s onward, BCL was active in major political movements such as the Language Movement of 1952, the Six-Point Movement, the 1962 Education Movement, and the 1969 uprising in East Pakistan. The organization played an important role in mobilizing students against the military regimes of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.[29] Following the 1970 general election and the Awami League’s victory, BCL activists organized rallies, strikes, and campus-based political campaigns supporting Bengali autonomy.
Response to Operation Searchlight[edit | edit source]
When the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight on 25 March 1971, BCL leaders and activists were among those targeted in the initial attacks on student dormitories at the University of Dhaka, including Jagannath Hall and Iqbal Hall (now Shaheed Sergeant Zahurul Haq Hall).[30] Surviving activists played a key role in early resistance activities by organizing local defense efforts, disseminating information, and establishing links with emerging guerrilla groups.
Participation in the Mukti Bahini[edit | edit source]
A large number of BCL activists joined the Mukti Bahini as guerrilla fighters, intelligence operatives, and logistics personnel.[31] They served in several sectors, particularly Sector 2 in the Dhaka–Cumilla region, Sector 7 in the Rajshahi region, and Sector 9 in the Khulna–Barishal region. BCL networks facilitated the recruitment of youth fighters and helped maintain communication between resistance groups and the Mujibnagar Government.[32]
Intelligence, Logistics, and Communication[edit | edit source]
BCL members contributed significantly to underground operations by delivering intelligence reports to sector commanders, maintaining safe houses across Dhaka, Sylhet, and Khulna, transporting weapons and medical supplies, and guiding guerrilla units through urban and rural areas. These activities were essential in sustaining resistance networks after the collapse of regular administrative institutions.
Role in Publicity and International Outreach[edit | edit source]
BCL volunteers assisted in producing underground leaflets and bulletins and contributed to programming for the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, which broadcast patriotic content to mobilize public support.[33] Some activists also collaborated with Indian youth groups and political organizations to raise international awareness of atrocities committed in East Pakistan.
Casualties and Martyrdom[edit | edit source]
Many Chhatra League activists were killed during the conflict, particularly in the March 1971 military crackdown at the University of Dhaka and in subsequent combat operations. Numerous BCL members have been recognized officially as freedom fighters and martyrs.
Post-Independence Influence[edit | edit source]
Following independence, former BCL activists rose to prominent positions within the Awami League, the national government, academia, and civil society. The organization continues to highlight its participation in the Liberation War as a significant part of its political heritage.[34]
Violence and terrorism[edit | edit source]
Sexual misconduct and violence against women[edit | edit source]
Since the 1990s, the Chhatra League has faced numerous allegations regarding rape, sexual violence, and the use of fear to suppress women.[35][36] In 1998, the celebration of rape by leaders at Jahangirnagar University triggered the 1999 JU Anti-Rape Movement, resulting in the expulsion of the unit's general secretary and his followers.[36]
In 2015, activists were implicated in the mass sexual harassment of women during Pohela Boishakh celebrations at Dhaka University, where police allegedly failed to intervene despite witnessing the assaults.[37][38][39][40]
Further incidents include the 2020 gang rape of a woman at Murari Chand College hostel, confirmed by DNA evidence;[41][42][43][44][45][46] the alleged gang rape of a tourist in Cox's Bazar;[47] and sexual assaults at the University of Chittagong, where investigations were reportedly obstructed by political figures.[48][49][50] In 2022, allegations of a "sex trade" ring run by BCL leadership surfaced at Eden Mohila College.[51][52]
Homicides and physical assaults[edit | edit source]
The organization has been linked to several high-profile murders and violent attacks. In 2012, 24-year-old tailor Biswajit Das was hacked to death by BCL activists near Jagannath University; eight members were eventually sentenced to death.[53][54][55][56][57] In October 2019, Abrar Fahad, a student at BUET, was tortured and beaten to death by BCL leaders in his dormitory, leading to death sentences for 20 convicts.[58][59][60][61][62]
Other fatal incidents include the 2022 killing of courier Nahid Hossain during clashes in Dhaka's New Market area,[63][16][64] and the 2024 mob lynching of Tofazzal Hossain at Dhaka University's Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall.[65][66][67][68][69] Internal factionalism also resulted in violence, such as the 2018 shooting during a leadership clash at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.[70]
On 12 December, 2025, Sharif Osman Hadi , the founder of Inqilab Moncho and an independent candidate for the Dhaka-8 constituency, was shot by assailants associated with the Chhatra League.[71] He later died from his injuries on 18 December 2025 while undergoing treatment at Singapore General Hospital.[72]
Political violence and suppression[edit | edit source]
The BCL was frequently accused of using violence to suppress student protests and opposition movements. During the 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement, members were filmed attacking protesters with hammers and sticks at Rajshahi University, drawing criticism for police inaction.[73][74] Shortly after, during the 2018 Bangladesh road safety protests, helmeted BCL members allegedly assaulted journalists and demonstrators.[75][76][77] Reporters Without Borders also noted attacks by BCL affiliates on journalists covering the 2020 Dhaka city elections.[78]
In 2021, BCL leaders threatened and attacked anti-Modi protesters, contributing to clashes that resulted in multiple fatalities.[79][80][81] The violence culminated during the 2024 Student-People's uprising, where BCL members worked alongside law enforcement to suppress the quota reform movement. The ensuing crackdown allegedly resulted in over a thousand deaths and thousands of injuries, leading to the organization's ban under anti-terrorism laws.[82][83][84][85][86][87]
Communal violence[edit | edit source]
BCL leaders have been implicated in the 2021 anti-Hindu violence in Chandpur and Rangpur. Investigations revealed that local BCL activists collaborated with religious leaders to incite attacks on temples and Hindu villages following fabricated blasphemy allegations.[88][89]
July Uprising[edit | edit source]
.jpg)
During the July Uprising in Bangladesh, activists of the Bangladesh Chhatra League were widely accused of carrying out attacks on students protesting reforms to the public service quota system. Clashes between BCL activists and demonstrators occurred on several university campuses, particularly at University of Dhaka, where protesters reported being assaulted with sticks, iron rods, and bricks. Hundreds of people were injured in these confrontations, including female students. In some incidents, BCL activists also entered the emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, where injured protesters were receiving treatment, causing panic and disrupting medical services.[90][91][92]
Presidents and general-secretaries[edit | edit source]
| Year | Presidents | Later role/Affiliation | General secretaries | Later role/Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1970-72 | Nur-e-Alam Siddiqui | Businessman | Shajahan Siraj (Expelled in 1972) | Minister & MP from BNP |
| 2 | 1972-1972 | Nur-e-Alam Siddiqui | Businessman | Ismat Kadir Gama | Unknown |
| 3 | 1972-1973 | Sheikh Shahidul Islam | Secretary General, Jatiya Party (Manju) | MA Radhid | Unknown |
| 4 | 1973-74 | Monirul Haq Chowdhury | Vice President, BNP | Mostofa Jalal Mohiuddin | MP from Awami League |
| 5 | 1976-77 | MA Awal (Convenor) | Unknown | N/A | N/A |
| 6 | 1977-81 | Obaidul Quader, MP | General Secretary, Awami League | Bahalul Majnun Chunnu | Unknown |
| 7 | 1981-83 | Mostofa Jalal Mohiuddin | MP from Awami League | AKM Jahangir Hossain | MP from Awami League |
| 8 | 1983-85 | Abdul Mannan | Organizing Secretary, Awami League | Jahangir Kabir Nanak | Presidium Member, Awami League |
| 9 | 1986-88 | Sultan Mohammad Mansur Ahmed, MP | Parliament member from Gono Forum | Abdur Rahman, MP | Joint Secretary, Awami League |
| 10 | 1988-1990 | Habibur Rahman | Expelled, Advisor of BNP | Ashim Kumar Ukil, MP | Cultural Secretary, Awami League |
| 11 | 1990-92 | Shahe Alam | MP from Awami League | Ashim Kumar Ukil, MP | Cultural Secretary, Awami League |
| 12 | 1992-94 | Mainuddin Hossain Chowdhury | Inactive in politics | Iqbalur Rahim | MP from Awami League |
| 13 | 1994-98 | AKM Enamul Haque Shamim | MP from Awami League | Ishaq Ali Khan Panna | Businessman[93] |
| 14 | 1999-02 | Bahadur Bepari | Executive Committee member, Awami League | Ajay Kar Khokon | Awami League leader[94] |
| 15 | 2002-06 | Liaqat Shikder | Sub-committee member Awami League | Nazrul Islam Babu | MP from Awami League |
| 16 | 2006-11 | Mahmud Hasan Ripon | Active in Gaibandha | Mahfuzul Haider Chowdhury Roton | Inactive in politics |
| 17 | 2011-15 | HM Badiuzzaman Sohag | Active in Bagerhat Awami League | Siddiqui Nazmul Alam | Resides in UK, inactive[95] |
| 18 | 2015-2018 | Saifur Rahman Sohag | Active in Madaripur Awami League | SM Zakir Hossain | Active in Sylhet Awami League |
| 19 | 2018-2019 | Rezwanul Haque Chowdhury Shovon | Inactive in politics | Golam Rabbani | Inactive in politics |
| 20 | 2019-2022 | Al-Nahean Khan Joy | Unknown | Lekhak Bhattacharjee | Unknown |
| 21 | 2022–present | Saddam Hussain | In exile in India after Hasina Administration fell | Sheikh Wali Asif Enan | In exile in India |
See also[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Chhatra League was the main foot soldier of fascism: CA's press secretary". The Financial Express. Bdnews24.com. 9 November 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2025.
- ↑ Rebecca Ratcliffe; Redwan Ahmed (10 October 2019). "Father demands justice after student beaten to death in Bangladesh". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ↑ "Killing of Bangladesh student triggers protests". BBC News. 8 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ↑ "Bangladesh Student Killing Sparks University Protests". Voice of America. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ↑ "Terror Rising". The Daily Star. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ↑ Rebecca Ratcliffe; Redwan Ahmed (10 October 2019). "Father demands justice after student beaten to death in Bangladesh". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ↑ "Killing of Bangladesh student triggers protests". BBC News. 8 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ↑ "Women leaders seek probe into allegations". New Age. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
- ↑ Chakraborty, Debdutta (24 October 2024). "From fighting for freedom to several rape allegations & now a ban. All about Bangladesh Chhatra League". The Print. Retrieved 8 August 2025.
- ↑ "What is happening at the quota-reform protests in Bangladesh?". Amnesty International. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
- ↑ Paul, Ruma (24 October 2024). "Bangladesh bans student wing of ousted Sheikh Hasina's party". Reuters. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
- ↑ "Govt bans Chhatra League". Prothom Alo. 23 October 2024.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 এস.আর.ও. নং ৩৬৯-আইন/২০২৪।--"বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ" নামীয় ছাত্র সংগঠনকে নিষিদ্ধ সত্ত্বা হিসাবে তালিকাভুক্ত করা প্রসঙ্গে। (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (Bangladesh) (in Bengali). 23 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
- ↑ "Chhatra League leaders Saddam, Inan, Shayan among 128 expelled by DU". The Business Standard. 18 March 2025. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
- ↑ "Attempt to murder case filed against BCL president Saddam, 65 others". The Business Standard. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 ইতিহাসের পাতায় বাংলাদেশ ছাত্রলীগ. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (2012). The Unfinished Memoirs. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-19-906358-1.
- ↑ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (2012). The Unfinished Memoirs. Karachi: Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-906358-1.
- ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Information on the Bangladesh Chhatra League". Refworld. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ↑ "Chhatra League's 74th founding anniversary today". New Age. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ↑ "The Mujib Bahini during Liberation War". The Financial Express. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- ↑ Ahmed, Taib; Islam, Khadimul (16 December 2014). "'Mujib Bahini didn't fight liberation war'". New Age. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
- ↑ "AK Khandker sued for 'Mujib Bahini's looting' claim". The Daily Star. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
- ↑ "Interim govt bans Chhatra League". The Business Standard. 23 October 2024.
- ↑ "Govt bans Chhatra League". The Daily Star. 23 October 2024.
- ↑ "Bangladesh government bans student wing of Sheikh Hasina's Awami League under anti-terror law". The Times of India. 23 October 2024.
- ↑ Sarkar, Rasel. ৭৩ বছরে ছাত্রলীগ. bdnews24.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ↑ "Student Politics and the Liberation Movement". The Daily Star. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ "The Role of Students in the 1969 Uprising". BDNews24. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ "Dhaka University Under Attack in 1971". The Daily Star. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ "Students in the Mukti Bahini". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ "Mukti Bahini Organisation and Youth Participation". The Daily Star. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ "Broadcasting the Liberation Struggle". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ "BCL's Liberation War Legacy". The Business Standard. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ Islam, Zyma; Khan Chandan, Md Shahnawaz. "Fear, a part of the curriculum". The Daily Star. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Habib, Meer Ahsan. "Rape, impunity and power—then and now". The Daily Star. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- ↑ "Boishakh celebration: Women harassed near TSC". Dhaka Tribune. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ↑ "Outrage over sex assault". The Daily Star. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ↑ "4 years on, no progress in Pohela Boishakh sexual harassment trial". Dhaka Tribune. 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ↑ "Chhatra League reins in its women". Dhaka Tribune. 19 April 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ↑ "BCL reign over MC College: Crimes thrive on factional politics". The Daily Star. 28 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ↑ "Husband held hostage, wife gang-raped before 'BCL men's room' in college hostel". Prothom Alo. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ↑ "Gang rape at MC College hostel: Case filed against 6 BCL men, 3 others". Prothom Alo. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ↑ "MC College rape: Court records victim's statement". The Daily Star. 27 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ↑ "DNA report confirms MC College gang rape". Dhaka Tribune. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ↑ "DNA report shows involvement of accused in MC College gang rape". The Financial Express (Bangladesh). Dhaka. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ↑ "Tourist raped in Cox's Bazar". The Daily Star. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ↑ "CU sexual assault: Fingers pointed at BCL men". The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ↑ "CU sexual assault: Arrestees are BCL activists, supporters, Rab says". The Daily Star. 23 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ↑ "Two other students demand justice for previous incidents". Prothom Alo. 25 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ↑ সুন্দরীদের বাছাই করে ব্যবসা, ইডেন কলেজ ছাত্রলীগ নেত্রীর অভিযোগ. Banglanews24.com. 25 September 2022. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
- ↑ "Women leaders seek probe into allegations". New Age (Bangladesh). 29 September 2022. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
- ↑ "21 BCL men indicted". The Daily Star. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
- ↑ "Eight to die for Biswajit murder, 13 get life". bdnews24.com. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
- ↑ "Bangladesh sentences eight students to death for murder". LiveMint. Agence France-Presse. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
- ↑ "Bangladesh sentences eight students to death for murder". BBC News. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
- ↑ "8 Awami activists get death for murder of Hindu man". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
- ↑ "Abrar Fahad: Killing of Bangladesh student triggers protests". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ↑ "9 held over Buet student Abrar murder". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ↑ "Autopsy report: Abrar was beaten to death". Dhaka Tribune. 7 October 2019. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ↑ "Buet student beaten to death: Critical FB post costs him his life?". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ↑ "Abrar murder: 3 more Buet students arrested". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ↑ প্রতিবেদক, নিজস্ব (28 April 2022). ডেলিভারিম্যান নাহিদ হত্যায় গ্রেপ্তার পাঁচজন রিমান্ডে. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ↑ "A murder Most foul". The Daily Star. 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ↑ "Youth suspected of theft beaten to death at DU". The Business Standard. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ↑ "Suspected thief killed in 'mass beating' at DU". The South Asian Times. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ↑ "Six DU students accused of Tofazzal murder belong to Chhatra League". The Daily Observer. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ ঢাবিতে তোফাজ্জল হত্যায় আটক পাঁচজনই ছাত্রলীগের নেতা-কর্মী. Jaijaidin (in Bengali). 20 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ "Mob lynching at DU: 6 students, including ex-BCL leader, arrested". The Business Standard. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ↑ "Student shot during BCL infighting at SUST". The Independent (Bangladesh). Dhaka. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
- ↑ "Osman Hadi attempted murder How weapon was moved to Narsingdi". Prothomalo. 18 December 2025. Retrieved 21 December 2025.
- ↑ "Inqilab Mancha spokesperson Sharif Osman Hadi dies". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 21 December 2025.
- ↑ "Rajshahi police saw nothing!". The Daily Star. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
- ↑ "Injured quota protester Tariqul moved to Dhaka". Dhaka Tribune. 8 July 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
- ↑ "Minute by the minute: Saturday's protest ends with violence in Jigatola". Dhaka Tribune. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
- ↑ "5 photojournalists hurt in 'BCL attack'". The Daily Star. 5 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ↑ "6 photojournalists injured in attacks by 'BCL'". The Independent (Bangladesh). Dhaka. 5 August 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ↑ "Tougher politics, more press freedom violations". Reporters Without Borders. 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ↑ "DU BCL president threatens to 'peel off the skin' of anti-Modi protesters on campus". The Daily Star. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ↑ "Clashes break out in Baitul Mukarram area". Prothom Alo. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ↑ "5 shot dead during clashes in Brahmanbaria". The Daily Star. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ↑ প্রতিবেদক, নিজস্ব (16 July 2024). চট্টগ্রামে ছাত্রলীগের সঙ্গে আন্দোলনকারীদের সংঘর্ষে নিহত ২. The Daily Star Bangla (in Bengali).
- ↑ "More than 1,000 killed in Bangladesh violence since July, health ministry chief says". Reuters. 29 August 2024.
- ↑ রক্তাক্ত জুলাই' মুক্তির মন্দির সোপান তলে.... shohid.info (in Bengali).
- ↑ "350 injured as BCL attacks quota protesters". New Age (Bangladesh). 16 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024.
- ↑ "Āhata 297 jana ḍhākā mēḍikēlē cikiṯsā nēna" আহত ২৯৭ জন ঢাকা মেডিকেলে চিকিৎসা নেন [297 injured people were treated at Dhaka Medical]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 15 July 2024.
- ↑ "Clash involving BCL, around 250 quota protesters injured". www.dailymessenger. 15 July 2024.
- ↑ "Pirganj Communal Violence: BCL man sparked the blaze". The Daily Star. 23 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ↑ "Hajiganj mayhem began with Facebook post like previous incidents of communal violence". 20 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ↑ "July 15, 2024: Chhatra League attacks quota protesters". The Daily Star. Retrieved 14 March 2026.
- ↑ Corea, Harindrini; Erum, Nazia (29 July 2024). "What is happening at the quota-reform protests in Bangladesh?". Amnesty International. Retrieved 14 March 2026.
- ↑ Staff, Al Jazeera. "What's behind Bangladesh's violent quota protests?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 March 2026.
- ↑ "Mr. Ishaque Ali Khan Panna". fbcci.org. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ↑ চলতি মাসে মার্কিন চাপ আরো বাড়বে | অজয় কর খোকন | শহিদুল ইসলাম বাবুল | Episode 7273. Tritiyo Matra (in Bengali). Retrieved 2 May 2024 – via YouTube.
- ↑ "Former BCL leader has four companies in London". Bangla Tribune. Retrieved 12 March 2022.