|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox language
| | #REDIRECT [[Okojuwoi]] |
| | name = Juwoi
| | |
| | nativename = ''Oko-Juwoi''
| | {{Redirect category shell| |
| | states = [[India]]
| | {{R from move}} |
| | region = [[Andaman Islands]]; west central and southwest interior Middle Andaman Island.
| |
| | extinct = by 1931 | |
| | ref = <ref name="vanDriem2001">{{Citation | title=Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region : Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language | author=George van Driem | date=2001 | publisher=BRILL | isbn=90-04-12062-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC | quote=''The Oko-Juwoi of Middle Andaman and the Aka-Bea of South Andaman and Rutland Island were extinct by 1931.''}}</ref>
| |
| | familycolor = Andamanese
| |
| | fam1 = [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]]
| |
| | fam2 = Central †
| |
| | iso3 = okj
| |
| | glotto = okoj1239
| |
| | glottorefname = Okojuwoi
| |
| | map = Schematic Map of Andamanese Languages & Tribes.png
| |
| }} | | }} |
|
| |
| The '''Juwoi language''', '''''Oko-Juwoi''''' (also ''Junoi''), is an extinct [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]] language, of the Central group. It was spoken in the west central and southwest interior of [[Middle Andaman]].
| |
|
| |
| ==History==
| |
| The Juwoi were one of the [[indigenous peoples]] of the [[Andaman Islands]], one of the ten or so [[Great Andamanese]] tribes identified by [[British Empire|British]] colonials in the 1860s. Their language was closely related to the other [[Great Andamanese languages]]. They were extinct as a distinct people by 1931.<ref name="vanDriem2001"/>
| |
|
| |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| The Great Andamanese languages are [[agglutinative]] languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system.<ref name=Templ>Temple, Richard C. (1902). ''A Grammar of the Andamanese Languages, being Chapter IV of Part I of the Census Report on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands''. Superintendent's Printing Press: Port Blair.</ref> They have a distinctive [[noun class]] system based largely on body parts, in which every [[noun]] and [[adjective]] may take a [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix for objects related to the [[tongue]].<ref name="Templ"/> An adjectival example can be given by the various forms of ''yop'', "pliable, soft", in Aka-Bea:<ref name="Templ"/>
| |
| *A [[cushion]] or [[sponge]] is ''ot-yop'' "round-soft", from the prefix attached to words relating to the head or heart.
| |
| *A [[Walking stick|cane]] is ''ôto-yop'', "pliable", from a prefix for long things.
| |
| *A [[wikt:stick|stick]] or [[pencil]] is ''aka-yop'', "pointed", from the tongue prefix.
| |
| *A fallen [[tree]] is ''ar-yop'', "rotten", from the prefix for [[Limb (anatomy)|limb]]s or upright things.
| |
| Similarly, ''beri-nga'' "good" yields:
| |
| *''un-bēri-ŋa'' "clever" (hand-good).
| |
| *''ig-bēri-ŋa'' "sharp-sighted" (eye-good).
| |
| *''aka-bēri-ŋa'' "good at languages" (tongue-good.)
| |
| *''ot-bēri-ŋa'' "virtuous" (head/heart-good)
| |
|
| |
| The prefixes are,
| |
|
| |
| {| class=wikitable
| |
| ! !!Bea !!Balawa? !!Bajigyâs? !!Juwoi !!Kol
| |
| |-
| |
| !head/heart
| |
| | ot- ||ôt- ||ote- ||ôto- ||ôto-
| |
| |-
| |
| !hand/foot
| |
| |ong- ||ong- ||ong- ||ôn- ||ôn-
| |
| |-
| |
| !mouth/tongue
| |
| |âkà- ||aka- ||o- ||ókô- ||o-
| |
| |-
| |
| !torso (shoulder to shins)
| |
| |ab- ||ab- ||ab- ||a- ||o-
| |
| |-
| |
| !eye/face/arm/breast
| |
| |i-, ig- ||id- ||ir- ||re- ||er-
| |
| |-
| |
| !back/leg/butt
| |
| |ar- ||ar- ||ar- ||ra- ||a-
| |
| |-
| |
| !waist
| |
| |ôto-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| Body parts are [[Inalienable possession|inalienably possessed]], requiring a [[possessive adjective]] [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] to complete them, so one cannot say "head" alone, but only "my, or his, or your, etc. head".
| |
|
| |
| The basic pronouns are almost identical throughout the Great Andamanese languages; Aka-Bea will serve as a representative example (pronouns given in their basic prefixal forms):
| |
| {| class=wikitable
| |
| | I, my
| |
| | ''d-''
| |
| | we, our
| |
| | ''m-''
| |
| |-
| |
| | thou, thy
| |
| | ''ŋ-''
| |
| | you, your
| |
| | ''ŋ-''
| |
| |-
| |
| | he, his, she, her, it, its
| |
| | ''a''
| |
| | they, their
| |
| | ''l-''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| 'This' and 'that' are distinguished as ''k-'' and ''t-''.
| |
|
| |
| Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal number]]s — [[1 (number)|one]] and [[2 (number)|two]] — and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.<ref name="Templ"/>
| |
|
| |
| == Sample ==
| |
| As an example, we give part of a [[creation myth]] in Oko-Juwoi, reminiscent of [[Prometheus]]:
| |
| : ''Kuro-t'on-mik-a Mom Mirit-la, Bilik l'ôkô-ema-t, peakar at-lo top-chike at laiche Lech-lin a, kotik a ôko-kodak-chine at-lo Karat-tatak-emi-in.''
| |
| Literally:
| |
| : "Kuro-t'on-mik-in Mr. Pigeon, God ?-slep-t, wood fire-with stealing-was fire the.late Lech-to he, then he ?-fire-make-did fire-with Karat-tatak-emi-at."
| |
| Translated (by Portman):
| |
| : Mr. [[Pigeon]] stole a firebrand at Kuro-t'on-mika, while [[God]] was sleeping. He gave the brand to the late Lech, who then made fires at Karat-tatak-emi.
| |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
|
| |
| {{Andamanese languages}}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
| |
| [[Category:Great Andamanese languages]]
| |
| [[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]]
| |
| [[Category:Languages of India]]
| |
| [[Category:Languages extinct in the 20th century]]
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| {{lang-stub}}
| |
This page is a redirect. The following categories are used to track and monitor this redirect: