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{{Short description|Princely state in India}} | |||
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|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg | |flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg | ||
|image_flag = | |image_flag = Flag of Bastar State.svg | ||
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|image_map =Bastar-Kanker-Imperial Gazetteer.jpg | |image_map =Bastar-Kanker-Imperial Gazetteer.jpg | ||
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|footnotes = [http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bastar.html Bastar Princely State] | |footnotes = [http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bastar.html Bastar Princely State] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bastar state''' was a [[princely state]] in India during the [[British Raj]]. It was founded in the early | '''Bastar state''' was a [[princely state]] in India during the [[British Raj]]. It was founded in the early 13th century by Annamaraja, a brother of the last ruler of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], [[Prataparudra II]]. | ||
It is today used to refer the same region, called [[Bastar division]] in [[Chhattisgarh]] state.<ref>Rahul Pandita. ''Hello Bastar: The Untold Story Of India’s Maoist Movement''. Tranquebar Press (2011). {{ISBN|978-93-8065834-6}}.Chapter VI. p. 111</ref> | It is today used to refer to the same region, called [[Bastar division]] in [[Chhattisgarh]] state.<ref>Rahul Pandita. ''Hello Bastar: The Untold Story Of India’s Maoist Movement''. Tranquebar Press (2011). {{ISBN|978-93-8065834-6}}.Chapter VI. p. 111</ref> | ||
In the early 19th century the state became part of | In the early 19th century, the state became part of [[Central Provinces and Berar]] under the [[British Raj]], and acceded to the Union of India on 1 January 1948, to become part of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in 1956, and of the [[Bastar district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in 2000. The current ceremonial ruler is Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo, of the [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] and [[Bhanj dynasty]]. | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Bastar state was situated in the south-eastern corner of the Central Provinces and Berar, bounded north by the [[Kanker State]], south by the Godavari district of [[Madras States Agency]], west by [[Chanda District]], [[Hyderabad State]], and the [[Godavari | Bastar state was situated in the south-eastern corner of the Central Provinces and Berar, bounded to the north by the [[Kanker State]], south by the Godavari district of [[Madras States Agency]], west by [[Chanda District]], [[Hyderabad State]], and the [[Godavari River]], and east by the [[Jeypore Estate]] in [[Odisha, India|Odisha]]. | ||
It had an area of {{convert|13062|sqmi|km2}} <ref name=stat/> and a population of 306,501 in 1901, when its capital city at [[Jagdalpur]], situated on the banks of [[Indravati River | It had an area of {{convert|13062|sqmi|km2}} <ref name=stat/> and a population of 306,501 in 1901, when its capital city at [[Jagdalpur]], situated on the banks of [[Indravati River]], had a population of 4,762.<ref name=stat>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_127.gif Bastar] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1908. v. 7, ''p. 121''</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Traditionally the area is mentioned as [[Dandakaranya]] in the epic ''[[Ramayana]]'', and part of the [[Kosala Kingdom]] in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. Around 450 AD, the Bastar area was ruled by a [[Nala dynasty|Nala]] king called Bhavadatta Varman, who is recorded as having invaded the neighbouring [[Vakataka]] kingdom during the reign of its king, [[Narendrasena]] ( | Traditionally the area is mentioned as [[Dandakaranya]] in the epic ''[[Ramayana]]'', and part of the [[Kosala Kingdom]] in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. Around 450 AD, the Bastar area was ruled by a [[Nala dynasty|Nala]] king called Bhavadatta Varman, who is recorded as having invaded the neighbouring [[Vakataka]] kingdom during the reign of its king, [[Narendrasena]] (440–460) <ref>''The Vākātaka-Gupta age: Circa 200-550 A.D.'', by [[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]], Anant Sadashiv Altekar.Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1986. {{ISBN|81-208-0026-5}}. ''Page 116''.</ref> | ||
A brother of [[Prataparudra II]], Annamaraja, has been associated with ruling what eventually became the state of Bastar. This appears likely to be historical revisionism, dating from a genealogy published by the ruling family in 1703, because the document records only eight generations spanning almost four centuries of rule. Such revisionism and tenuous claims of connection to the Kakatiyas was not uncommon because it was perceived as legitimising the right to rule and a warrior status. Talbot notes that there is a record of a brother called Annamadeva and that: {{quote|He is said to have left Warangal for the northeast after anointing Prataparudra's son as king. Thus, the founder of the family fortunes in Bastar may very well have been a Telugu warrior from Telangana who was familiar with the prevalent legends about the Kakatiyas.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19803-123-9 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=192–193}}</ref>}} | A brother of [[Prataparudra II]], Annamaraja, has been associated with ruling what eventually became the state of Bastar. This appears likely to be historical revisionism,{{According to whom|date=December 2025}}{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} dating from a genealogy published by the ruling family in 1703, because the document records only eight generations spanning almost four centuries of rule. Such revisionism and tenuous claims of connection to the Kakatiyas was not uncommon because it was perceived as legitimising the right to rule and a warrior status. Talbot notes that there is a record of a brother called Annamadeva and that: {{quote|He is said to have left Warangal for the northeast after anointing Prataparudra's son as king. Thus, the founder of the family fortunes in Bastar may very well have been a Telugu warrior from Telangana who was familiar with the prevalent legends about the Kakatiyas.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19803-123-9 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=192–193}}</ref>}} | ||
According to this chronology, the state was established around 1324 CE and the founder established his kingdom at Bastar under the tutelage of a local goddess, Danteshwari. That goddess remains the tutelary deity of Bastar region and the [[Danteshwari Temple]] stands today at [[Dantewada]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bastar}}</ref> He ruled till 1369 when he was followed successively by Hamir Deva (r. | According to this chronology, the state was established around 1324 CE and the founder established his kingdom at Bastar under the tutelage of a local goddess, Danteshwari. That goddess remains the tutelary deity of Bastar region and the [[Danteshwari Temple]] stands today at [[Dantewada]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bastar}}</ref> He ruled till 1369 when he was followed successively by Hamir Deva (r. 1369–1410), Bhaitai Deva (1410–1468), Purushottama Deva (1468–1534), Pratapa Raja Deva (1602–1625) and Dikpala Deva (1680–1709), after which the Bastar branch of the dynasty became extinct in the third generation with him, after which a descendant of the younger brother of Prataparaja Deva, Rajapala Deva became the next King in 1709. Rajapala Deva had two wives, first a Baghela princess, married, who had a son, Dakhin Singh, secondly, a [[Chandela]] Princess, who has two sons, Dalapati Deva and Pratap, trouble however struck again when after the death of Rajapala Deva in 1721, the elder queen ousted other claimants and placed her brother on the throne of Bastar, Dalapati Deva took refuge in the neighbouring [[kingdom of Jeypore]] and finally regained his throne a decade later in 1731.<ref name=hist>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_128.gif Bastar – History], [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1908. v. 7, ''p. 122''.</ref><ref>[http://bastar.nic.in/HISTORY.HTM History of Bastar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233731/http://bastar.nic.in/HISTORY.HTM |date=9 April 2009 }} ''[[Bastar district]]'' official website.</ref> | ||
Its capital was Jagdalpur, where Bastar royal palace built by its ruler, when its capital was shifted here from old capital Bastar.<ref name=hist/> | Its capital was Jagdalpur, where Bastar royal palace built by its ruler, when its capital was shifted here from old capital Bastar.<ref name=hist/> | ||
Later at some point in the 15th century Bastar was divided into two kingdoms, one based in Kanker and the other ruled from | Later at some point in the 15th century Bastar was divided into two kingdoms, one based in Kanker and the other ruled from Bastar.<ref>Gill, Simeran Man Singh. ''The Ghotul in Muria Society''. (Singapore: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1992) ''p. 4''</ref> The present Halba Tribe claims to descend from the military class of these kingdoms. | ||
Until the rise of the [[Marathas]], the state remained fairly independent until the 18th century. In 1861, Bastar became part of the newly formed Central Provinces and Berar, and in 1863, after years of feud, over the [[Kotpad|Kotapad]] region, it was given over to the neighbouring [[Kingdom of Jeypore|Jeypore state]] in 1863, on the condition of payment of tribute of Rs. 3,000, two-thirds of which sum was remitted from the amount payable by Bastar. By virtue of this arrangement the tribute of Bastar was, reduced to a nominal amount. | Until the rise of the [[Marathas]], the state remained fairly independent until the 18th century. In 1861, Bastar became part of the newly formed Central Provinces and Berar, and in 1863, after years of feud, over the [[Kotpad|Kotapad]] region, it was given over to the neighbouring [[Kingdom of Jeypore|Jeypore state]] in 1863, on the condition of payment of tribute of Rs. 3,000, two-thirds of which sum was remitted from the amount payable by Bastar. By virtue of this arrangement the tribute of Bastar was, reduced to a nominal amount. | ||
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[[Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo]] (1929–1966), the 20th and the last ruling head of the Bastar state, ascended the throne in 1936, before it acceded to India in 1948 during the [[political integration of India]].<ref name=gen>[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/b/bastar.html Bastar (state) - History and Genealogy] ''[[Queensland University]]''.</ref> | [[Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo]] (1929–1966), the 20th and the last ruling head of the Bastar state, ascended the throne in 1936, before it acceded to India in 1948 during the [[political integration of India]].<ref name=gen>[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/b/bastar.html Bastar (state) - History and Genealogy] ''[[Queensland University]]''.</ref> | ||
Pravir was immensely popular among the tribals. He was shot dead in a "police action" on 25 March 1966 while leading a tribal movement against encroachment of land by outsider in concert with the authorities in Bastar. He was executed on the steps of his own Palace in Jagdalpur. Scores of other tribals and courtiers too were murdered by the police.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} | |||
==Rulers== | ==Rulers== | ||
[[File:Central Provs 1909.jpg|thumb|280px|Map of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]] in 1909 showing the districts, divisions, and Bastar princely state under the authority of the province, as well as the 1905 changes to the eastern boundary.]] | [[File:Central Provs 1909.jpg|thumb|280px|Map of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]] in 1909 showing the districts, divisions, and Bastar princely state under the authority of the province, as well as the 1905 changes to the eastern boundary.]] | ||
* Annam Dev ( | * Raja Annam Dev (1313 – 1358) - brother of the Kakatiya Raja of Warangal, Pratap Rudra Dev | ||
* | * Raja Hamir Deo (1358 - 1379) | ||
* | * Raja Bhiraj Deo (1379 - 1408) | ||
* | * Raja Purushotam Deo (1408 - 1439) | ||
* | * Raja Jay Singh Deo (1439 - 1457) | ||
* | * Raja Narsingh Deo (1457 - 1501) | ||
* | * Raja Pratapraj Deo (1501 - 1524) | ||
* Mahipal Deo ( | * Raja Jagdeesh rai Deo (1524 - 1538) | ||
* | * Raja Veer Narayan Deo (1538 - 1553) | ||
* Bhairam Deo (27 Aug | * Raja veer Singh Deo (1553 - 1590) | ||
* Rudra Pratap Deo (20 Jul 1891 – 1921) | * Raja Durgpal Deo (1590 – 1649) | ||
* [[Prafulla Kumari Devi]] (Rani) (23 Nov | * Raja Rakshpal Deo (1649 – 1716) | ||
* [[Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo]] (28 Oct 1936 – 1948) | * Raja Dalpat Deo (1716 – 1775) | ||
* Raja Dariyao Deo (1775 – 1800) | |||
* Raja Mahipal Deo (1800 - 1842) | |||
* Raja Bhupal Deo (1842 – 1852) | |||
* Raja Bhairam Deo (27 Aug 1852 – 20 Jul 1891) | |||
* Raja Rudra Pratap Deo (20 Jul 1891 – 1921) | |||
* [[Prafulla Kumari Devi|H H Maharani Prafulla Kumari Devi]] (Rani) (23 Nov 1921 – 28 Feb 1936) – married Prince Prafulla Chandra Bhanj Deo of [[Mayurbhanj State|Mayurbhanj]]) | |||
* [[Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo|H H Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo]] (28 Oct 1936 – 1948) | |||
===Titular=== | ===Titular=== | ||
* [[Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo]] (1948 – 25 March 1966) | * [[Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo|H H Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo]] (1948 – 25 March 1966) | ||
* Vijay Chandra Bhanj Deo (25 March 1966 – 12 April 1970) | * H H Maharaja Vijay Chandra Bhanj Deo (25 March 1966 – 12 April 1970) | ||
* Bharat Chandra Bhanj Deo ( 12 April 1970 – 1996) | * H H Maharaja Bharat Chandra Bhanj Deo ( 12 April 1970 – 1996) | ||
* Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo (1996 – current) | * H H Maharaja Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo (1996 – current) | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bastar State}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Bastar State}} | ||
[[Category:Princely states | [[Category:Princely states of Chhattisgarh]] | ||
[[Category:States and territories established in 1324]] | [[Category:States and territories established in 1324]] | ||
[[Category:Bastar district]] | [[Category:Bastar district]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:32, 17 March 2026
| Bastar State | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Princely State of British India | |||||||
| 1324–1948 | |||||||
 Flag | |||||||
 Bastar State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India | |||||||
| Capital | Jagdalpur | ||||||
| Area | |||||||
• 1901 | 33,831 km2 (13,062 sq mi) | ||||||
| Population | |||||||
• 1901 | 306,501 | ||||||
| History | |||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | 1324 | ||||||
| 1948 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Bastar Princely State | |||||||
Bastar state was a princely state in India during the British Raj. It was founded in the early 13th century by Annamaraja, a brother of the last ruler of the Kakatiya dynasty, Prataparudra II.
It is today used to refer to the same region, called Bastar division in Chhattisgarh state.[1]
In the early 19th century, the state became part of Central Provinces and Berar under the British Raj, and acceded to the Union of India on 1 January 1948, to become part of Madhya Pradesh in 1956, and of the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh state in 2000. The current ceremonial ruler is Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo, of the Kakatiya and Bhanj dynasty.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Bastar state was situated in the south-eastern corner of the Central Provinces and Berar, bounded to the north by the Kanker State, south by the Godavari district of Madras States Agency, west by Chanda District, Hyderabad State, and the Godavari River, and east by the Jeypore Estate in Odisha.
It had an area of 13,062 square miles (33,830 km2) [2] and a population of 306,501 in 1901, when its capital city at Jagdalpur, situated on the banks of Indravati River, had a population of 4,762.[2]
History[edit | edit source]
Traditionally the area is mentioned as Dandakaranya in the epic Ramayana, and part of the Kosala Kingdom in the Mahabharata. Around 450 AD, the Bastar area was ruled by a Nala king called Bhavadatta Varman, who is recorded as having invaded the neighbouring Vakataka kingdom during the reign of its king, Narendrasena (440–460) [3]
A brother of Prataparudra II, Annamaraja, has been associated with ruling what eventually became the state of Bastar. This appears likely to be historical revisionism,[according to whom?][citation needed] dating from a genealogy published by the ruling family in 1703, because the document records only eight generations spanning almost four centuries of rule. Such revisionism and tenuous claims of connection to the Kakatiyas was not uncommon because it was perceived as legitimising the right to rule and a warrior status. Talbot notes that there is a record of a brother called Annamadeva and that:
He is said to have left Warangal for the northeast after anointing Prataparudra's son as king. Thus, the founder of the family fortunes in Bastar may very well have been a Telugu warrior from Telangana who was familiar with the prevalent legends about the Kakatiyas.[4]
According to this chronology, the state was established around 1324 CE and the founder established his kingdom at Bastar under the tutelage of a local goddess, Danteshwari. That goddess remains the tutelary deity of Bastar region and the Danteshwari Temple stands today at Dantewada.[5] He ruled till 1369 when he was followed successively by Hamir Deva (r. 1369–1410), Bhaitai Deva (1410–1468), Purushottama Deva (1468–1534), Pratapa Raja Deva (1602–1625) and Dikpala Deva (1680–1709), after which the Bastar branch of the dynasty became extinct in the third generation with him, after which a descendant of the younger brother of Prataparaja Deva, Rajapala Deva became the next King in 1709. Rajapala Deva had two wives, first a Baghela princess, married, who had a son, Dakhin Singh, secondly, a Chandela Princess, who has two sons, Dalapati Deva and Pratap, trouble however struck again when after the death of Rajapala Deva in 1721, the elder queen ousted other claimants and placed her brother on the throne of Bastar, Dalapati Deva took refuge in the neighbouring kingdom of Jeypore and finally regained his throne a decade later in 1731.[6][7]
Its capital was Jagdalpur, where Bastar royal palace built by its ruler, when its capital was shifted here from old capital Bastar.[6]
Later at some point in the 15th century Bastar was divided into two kingdoms, one based in Kanker and the other ruled from Bastar.[8] The present Halba Tribe claims to descend from the military class of these kingdoms.
Until the rise of the Marathas, the state remained fairly independent until the 18th century. In 1861, Bastar became part of the newly formed Central Provinces and Berar, and in 1863, after years of feud, over the Kotapad region, it was given over to the neighbouring Jeypore state in 1863, on the condition of payment of tribute of Rs. 3,000, two-thirds of which sum was remitted from the amount payable by Bastar. By virtue of this arrangement the tribute of Bastar was, reduced to a nominal amount.
Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo (1929–1966), the 20th and the last ruling head of the Bastar state, ascended the throne in 1936, before it acceded to India in 1948 during the political integration of India.[9]
Pravir was immensely popular among the tribals. He was shot dead in a "police action" on 25 March 1966 while leading a tribal movement against encroachment of land by outsider in concert with the authorities in Bastar. He was executed on the steps of his own Palace in Jagdalpur. Scores of other tribals and courtiers too were murdered by the police.[citation needed]
Rulers[edit | edit source]
- Raja Annam Dev (1313 – 1358) - brother of the Kakatiya Raja of Warangal, Pratap Rudra Dev
- Raja Hamir Deo (1358 - 1379)
- Raja Bhiraj Deo (1379 - 1408)
- Raja Purushotam Deo (1408 - 1439)
- Raja Jay Singh Deo (1439 - 1457)
- Raja Narsingh Deo (1457 - 1501)
- Raja Pratapraj Deo (1501 - 1524)
- Raja Jagdeesh rai Deo (1524 - 1538)
- Raja Veer Narayan Deo (1538 - 1553)
- Raja veer Singh Deo (1553 - 1590)
- Raja Durgpal Deo (1590 – 1649)
- Raja Rakshpal Deo (1649 – 1716)
- Raja Dalpat Deo (1716 – 1775)
- Raja Dariyao Deo (1775 – 1800)
- Raja Mahipal Deo (1800 - 1842)
- Raja Bhupal Deo (1842 – 1852)
- Raja Bhairam Deo (27 Aug 1852 – 20 Jul 1891)
- Raja Rudra Pratap Deo (20 Jul 1891 – 1921)
- H H Maharani Prafulla Kumari Devi (Rani) (23 Nov 1921 – 28 Feb 1936) – married Prince Prafulla Chandra Bhanj Deo of Mayurbhanj)
- H H Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo (28 Oct 1936 – 1948)
Titular[edit | edit source]
- H H Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo (1948 – 25 March 1966)
- H H Maharaja Vijay Chandra Bhanj Deo (25 March 1966 – 12 April 1970)
- H H Maharaja Bharat Chandra Bhanj Deo ( 12 April 1970 – 1996)
- H H Maharaja Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo (1996 – current)
See also[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Rahul Pandita. Hello Bastar: The Untold Story Of India’s Maoist Movement. Tranquebar Press (2011). ISBN 978-93-8065834-6.Chapter VI. p. 111
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bastar The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908. v. 7, p. 121
- ↑ The Vākātaka-Gupta age: Circa 200-550 A.D., by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Anant Sadashiv Altekar.Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1986. ISBN 81-208-0026-5. Page 116.
- ↑ Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-0-19803-123-9.
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bastar – History, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908. v. 7, p. 122.
- ↑ History of Bastar Archived 9 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine Bastar district official website.
- ↑ Gill, Simeran Man Singh. The Ghotul in Muria Society. (Singapore: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1992) p. 4
- ↑ Bastar (state) - History and Genealogy Queensland University.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bastar". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.