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{{Short description|1749 battle of the Second Carnatic War}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=May 2012}} | {{More citations needed|date=May 2012}} | ||
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|result =Allied victory | |result =Allied victory | ||
|status = | |status = | ||
|combatant1 = Mughal Empire | |combatant1 = [[Mughal Empire]] | ||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]] | * {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]] | ||
|combatant2 =[[File: | |combatant2 =[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg|18px]] [[Kingdom of France]] | ||
* [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png|15px]] [[French | * [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png|15px]] [[French Indies Company]] | ||
<hr/> | <hr/> | ||
* [[Chanda Sahib]] | * [[Chanda Sahib]] | ||
* [[Muzaffar Jung]] | * [[Muzaffar Jung]] | ||
|commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan|Anwaruddin Khan]] {{KIA}} | |commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan|Anwaruddin Khan]] {{KIA}} | ||
|commander2 =[[File: | |commander2 =[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg|18px]] [[Joseph François Dupleix]]<br>[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg|18px]] [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau|De Bussy]]<br> | ||
<hr/> | <hr/> | ||
[[Mughal Empire]] | |||
* [[Chanda Sahib]] | * [[Chanda Sahib]] | ||
* [[Muzaffar Jung]] | * [[Muzaffar Jung]] | ||
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[[Muzaffar Jung]] fled Hyderabad and tried to gain new allies. He received the support of the French Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix]], who helped release [[Chanda Sahib]] the son-in-law of [[Dost Ali Khan]], who was imprisoned after being overrun by the [[Maratha]]s and after his father-in-law was killed in the fray. Chanda Sahib sought the investiture of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] by declaring himself ''[[Nawab]] of [[Tinnevelly]]'' and gathered his own army of 3500 men and even received 400 French infantry from Dupleix. Because Muzaffar Jung was the chosen successor of Nizam-ul-Mulk his loyalists exceed 30,000. Together they marched towards [[Arcot]], the capital of the [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]] and sought to eliminate Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, who supported [[Nasir Jung]]'s claim to the Hyderabadi throne. | [[Muzaffar Jung]] fled Hyderabad and tried to gain new allies. He received the support of the French Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix]], who helped release [[Chanda Sahib]] the son-in-law of [[Dost Ali Khan]], who was imprisoned after being overrun by the [[Maratha]]s and after his father-in-law was killed in the fray. Chanda Sahib sought the investiture of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] by declaring himself ''[[Nawab]] of [[Tinnevelly]]'' and gathered his own army of 3500 men and even received 400 French infantry from Dupleix. Because Muzaffar Jung was the chosen successor of Nizam-ul-Mulk his loyalists exceed 30,000. Together they marched towards [[Arcot]], the capital of the [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]] and sought to eliminate Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, who supported [[Nasir Jung]]'s claim to the Hyderabadi throne. | ||
Instead of entrenching himself in Arcot, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan decided to advance towards the allied forces with his own 20,000 battle-strong army. | Instead of entrenching himself in Arcot, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan decided to advance towards the allied forces with his own 20,000 battle-strong army.{{Cn|date=May 2024}} | ||
== Battle == | == Battle == | ||
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== Aftermath == | == Aftermath == | ||
[[Image:French India 1741-1754.png|280px|thumb|[[French | [[Image:French India 1741-1754.png|280px|thumb|[[French Indies Company]] influence 1741–1754.]] | ||
The Battle of Ambur convincingly demonstrated the superiority of European arms and methods of discipline and infantry warfare. | The Battle of Ambur convincingly demonstrated the superiority of European arms and methods of discipline and infantry warfare.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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*[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] | *[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] | ||
== References == | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | |||
*{{Commonscatinline|Battle of Ambur}} | |||
{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}} | {{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}} | ||
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[[Category:1749 in India]] | [[Category:1749 in India]] | ||
[[Category:Conflicts in 1749|Ambur]] | [[Category:Conflicts in 1749|Ambur]] | ||
[[Category:1740s in the Mughal Empire]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:12, 14 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2012) |
| Battle of Ambur | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Second Carnatic War | |||||||||
 Engraving depicting the death of the Nawab of the Carnatic at Ambur (also note: the sharpshooter upon the elephants) | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
 Anwaruddin Khan † |
| ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
20,000 total 100 war elephants |
36,000 total 400 Frenchmen | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 4,000 | 1,500 | ||||||||
The Battle of Ambur (3 August 1749) was the first major battle of the Second Carnatic War.[1]
The battle was initiated by Muzaffar Jung and supported by Joseph François Dupleix and led by Chanda Sahib, who sought to overthrow Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, the Nawab of the Carnatic, for supporting Nasir Jung's claim to be Nizam of Hyderabad. French forces were decisive in giving the allies victory; Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was killed in the battle and Chanda Sahib seized control of the Carnatic.
Background[edit | edit source]
Since the beginning of the Second Carnatic War Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, the Nawab of the Carnatic, had warned the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah of an irreversible power struggle in the Carnatic and how he wanted his interests to be legitimized by Nizam-ul-Mulk, the Nizam of Hyderabad who had nominated him in the first place.
Nizam-ul-Mulk died in 1748 and was succeeded as Nizam by his grandson Muzaffar Jung. This decision was confirmed by the Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur but rejected by Nasir Jung, Nizam-ul-Mulk's son, who captured the city of Hyderabad after a coup.
Muzaffar Jung fled Hyderabad and tried to gain new allies. He received the support of the French Governor-General Joseph François Dupleix, who helped release Chanda Sahib the son-in-law of Dost Ali Khan, who was imprisoned after being overrun by the Marathas and after his father-in-law was killed in the fray. Chanda Sahib sought the investiture of the Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur by declaring himself Nawab of Tinnevelly and gathered his own army of 3500 men and even received 400 French infantry from Dupleix. Because Muzaffar Jung was the chosen successor of Nizam-ul-Mulk his loyalists exceed 30,000. Together they marched towards Arcot, the capital of the Carnatic and sought to eliminate Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, who supported Nasir Jung's claim to the Hyderabadi throne.
Instead of entrenching himself in Arcot, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan decided to advance towards the allied forces with his own 20,000 battle-strong army.[citation needed]
Battle[edit | edit source]
On 3 August 1749, the allied forces of Dupleix, Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung met those of Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan at Ambur. Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan's forces managed to create a formidable stance by gathering around their howdahs despite being outnumbered 3 to 1, but it was the disciplined French infantry forces led by De Bussy that completely reversed the course of the battle against Khan.[2]
Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was shot and killed in a fierce confrontation while commanding his forces from a howdah. The next day Muzaffar Jang and Chanda Sahib victoriously entered Arcot and Chanda Sahib became the next Nawab of the Carnatic. Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan's son, Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah, fled south to Trichinopoly, where he hid and sought the assistance of the British.
Aftermath[edit | edit source]
The Battle of Ambur convincingly demonstrated the superiority of European arms and methods of discipline and infantry warfare.[citation needed]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Naravane, M.S. (2014). Battles of the Honorourable East India Company. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. p. 155. ISBN 9788131300343.
- ↑ Tucker, S.C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. p. 756. ISBN 9781851096725. Retrieved 26 November 2014.