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{{Short description|Pakistani politician}}
{{Short description|Pakistani politician (1937–2023)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Gohar Ayub Khan<br/><small>گوہر ایوب خان</small>
| name                = Gohar Ayub Khan
| native_name        = {{nq|گوہر ایوب خان}}
| image              = Gohar Ayub Khan (cropped).jpg
| image              = Gohar Ayub Khan (cropped).jpg
| caption            = Gohar Ayub Khan in 2004
| caption            = Khan in 2004
| office              = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| office              = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| primeminister      = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| primeminister      = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| term_start          = 25 February 1997
| term_start          = 25 February 1997
| term_end            = 7 August 1998
| term_end            = 7 August 1998
| predecessor        = [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] <small>(Acting)</small>
| predecessor        = [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] (Acting)
| successor          = [[Sartaj Aziz]]
| successor          = [[Sartaj Aziz]]
| office1            = 14th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker of the National Assembly]]
| office1            = 14th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| deputy1            = [[M. Nawaz Khokhar|Nawaz Khokhar]]
| deputy1            = [[M. Nawaz Khokhar]]
| term_start1        = 4 November 1990
| term_start1        = 4 November 1990
| term_end1          = 17 October 1993
| term_end1          = 17 October 1993
| predecessor1        = [[Malik Meraj Khalid]]
| predecessor1        = [[Malik Meraj Khalid]]
| successor1          = [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]
| successor1          = [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1937|1|8|df=y}}
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1937|1|8|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br/><small>([[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan)</small>
| birth_place        = [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], [[North-West Frontier Province]], [[British India]]<br/>(now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan)
| death_date          =  
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2023|11|17|1937|1|8|df=y}}
| death_place        =  
| death_place        = [[Islamabad]], Pakistan
| nationality        = Pakistani
| nationality        = Pakistani
| party              = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League-<br/>Nawaz]] <small>(1988–present)</small>
| party              = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (2012–2018)
| otherparty          = [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad|Islamic Democratic Alliance]] <small>(1988–1990)</small> <br/> [[Pakistan Muslim League]] <small>(Before 1977)</small><br/>[[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal]] <small>(1977–1985)</small><br/>[[Pakistan Muslim League (F)|Pakistan Muslim League-<br/>Functional]] <small>(1985–1988)</small>
| otherparty          = [[Pakistan Peoples Muslim League]] (2009–2012)<br/>[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]] (1999–2009)<br/>[[Islamic Democratic Alliance]] (1988–1990)<br/>[[Pakistan Muslim League (F)]] (1985–1988)<br/>[[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal]] (1977–1985)<br/>[[Convention Muslim League]] (before 1977)
| alma_mater          = [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
| alma_mater          = [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
| nickname            = Kaptaan
| nickname            = Kaptaan
| allegiance          = {{PAK}}
| allegiance          = {{PAK}}
| branch              = {{army|PAK}}
| branch              = {{army|PAK}}
| serviceyears        = 1957–1962
| serviceyears        = (1957–1962; 1971–1972)
| rank                = [[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]]
| rank                = [[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]]
| unit                = 1/14 Punjab
| unit                = 1/14 Punjab
| battles            = [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état]]
| battles            = [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1971]]
| children            = [[Omar Ayub Khan]]
| children            = 4, including [[Omar Ayub Khan]]
| father = [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]]
| father             = [[Ayub Khan]]
| relatives          = Mir Dad Khan (grandfather) <br>[[Sardar Bahadur Khan]](uncle) <br>[[Yousuf Ayub Khan]](nephew) <br>[[Nusrat Ayub Khan]](Sister) <br>[[Arshad Ayub Khan]] (nephew) <br>[[Akbar Ayub Khan]] (nephew)
}}
}}


'''Gohar Ayub Khan''' ({{lang-ur|گوہر ایوب خان}}; born 15 January 1937) is a Pakistani politician, [[business oligarch]], retired [[army officer]], and conservative figure of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League]], who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister [[Nawaz Sharif]].
'''Gohar Ayub Khan''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|گوہر ایوب خان}}}}; 8 January 1937 – 17 November 2023) was a Pakistani politician, businessman, [[army officer]], and a leader of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]], who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister [[Nawaz Sharif]].


Gohar Ayub Khan hails from the village of [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], located in the [[Haripur District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|province]] and belongs to the [[Tareen]] tribe of ethnic [[Pashtuns]]. He is fluent in [[Hindko]] and [[Pashto]]. He is the son of former [[President of Pakistan|president]] and [[Field marshal (Pakistan)|field marshal]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 presidential election]]. Educated at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], after graduation Gohar Ayub Khan was commissioned in the [[Pakistan Army]] in 1959. During his military service he served as his father's [[aide-de-camp]], travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of [[Captain (army)|captain]], he established a business conglomerate and entered in politics in 1974.
Gohar Ayub Khan hailed from the village of [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], located in the [[Haripur District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|province]] and belonged to the [[Tareen]] tribe of ethnic [[Pashtuns]]. He was fluent in [[Hindko]] and [[Pashto]]. He was the son of military dictator former [[President of Pakistan|president]] and [[Field marshal (Pakistan)|field marshal]], [[Ayub Khan]], and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 presidential election]]. Educated at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], Gohar Ayub Khan was commissioned in the [[Pakistan Army]] in 1959. During his military service, he served as his father's [[aide-de-camp]], travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of [[Captain (army)|captain]], he established a business conglomerate and entered politics in 1974.


He first contested the [[1977 Pakistani general election|1977 general election]] through the [[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal|Independence Movement]] platform, but later joined the [[Islamic Democratic Alliance]] (IDA) in 1988. After the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]] he was appointed as the [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan#List of Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|fourteenth]] [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|speaker]] of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]. He became the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)#List of Foreign Ministers of Pakistan|20th]] [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|minister of Foreign Affairs]] after securing his seat with a heavy margin in the [[1997 Pakistani general election|1997 general election]]. Later he shifted to the energy department, serving as [[Minister for Water and Power]] beginning 7 August 1998. His term abruptly ended on 12 October 1999, by General Pervez Musharraf, and he subsequently retired from national politics.
Khan contested the [[1977 Pakistani general election|1977 general election]] through the [[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal]] platform and joined the [[Islamic Democratic Alliance]] (IDA) in 1988. After the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]], he was appointed the 14th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker]] of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]. He became the 20th [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] after securing his seat with a heavy margin in the [[1997 Pakistani general election|1997 general election]]. Later he shifted to the energy department, serving as [[Minister for Water and Power]] beginning 7 August 1998. His term was abruptly ended after the [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état]] by [[General Pervez Musharraf]], and he subsequently retired from national politics.


==Early life and military career==
==Early life and military career==
Gohar Ayub Khan was born in the village of [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], in [[Haripur District]] during the [[British Raj]] in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier Province]] (present day [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]) into a military family on 15 January 1937.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group">{{cite web|last=Raman |first=B |title=Campaign against Field Marshal Sam |url=http://southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers23%5Cpaper2237.html |publisher=South Asia Analysis Group |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613040928/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers23/paper2237.html |archive-date=13 June 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> Although a [[Hindko]] speaker, Gohar Ayub is fluent in his native language [[Pashto]] and comes from a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] family that belongs to the [[Tareen]] tribe of [[Pashtuns]]. His father, [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]], was a senior commanding officer in the [[British Army]] and later ascended to staff and field operational assignments in the [[Pakistan Army]]. Ayub Khan subsequently became [[President of Pakistan|President]] of Pakistan through a bloodless military coup that commenced in 1958.
Gohar Ayub Khan was born on 8 January 1937, in the village of [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], in [[Haripur District]] during the [[British Raj]] in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier Province]] into a [[Pashtun]] military family.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group">{{cite web|last=Raman |first=B |title=Campaign against Field Marshal Sam |url=http://southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers23%5Cpaper2237.html |publisher=South Asia Analysis Group |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613040928/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers23/paper2237.html |archive-date=13 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Glimpses Into the Corridors of Power |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=11 |isbn=978-0-19-547354-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xQduAAAAMAAJ&q=Gohar+Ayub+Khan+8+January+1937 |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref> A native [[Hindko]] speaker, Gohar Ayub belonged to the [[Tareen]] tribe of [[Pashtuns]]. His father, [[Ayub Khan]], was a senior commanding officer in the [[British Army]] and later ascended to staff and field operational assignments in the [[Pakistan Army]]. Ayub Khan subsequently became [[President of Pakistan|President]] of Pakistan through a bloodless military [[Coup d'Etat|coup]] that commenced in 1958.


Gohar Ayub was sent to study at the military-controlled [[Army Burn Hall College]] and eventually moved on to attend [[St Mary's College, Rawalpindi|Saint Mary's Academy]], a private school in [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="Mera Haripur">{{cite web|last=PR|title=Gohar Ayub Khan|url=http://meraharipur.com/Personalities/Political/Gohar_Ayub_Khan.html|publisher=Mera Haripur|access-date=26 May 2012}}</ref> Gohar Ayub joined the [[Pakistan Army]] in 1957, and trained at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Mera Haripur"/> Upon his return from the UK, he began serving active duty with the Pakistan Army and started to work on staff appointments. In 1958 he began to serve as his father's [[aide-de-camp]], travelling with him on several foreign trips throughout Europe, the Americas, the Soviet Union and Asia.<ref name="Mera Haripur"/> He did not rise beyond the rank of [[Captain (army)|Captain]] during his time in the army, despite his father's support.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/> In his army records, there are allegations of professional and behavioral misconduct.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/>
Gohar Ayub was sent to study at the military-controlled [[Army Burn Hall College]] and eventually moved on to attend [[St Mary's College, Rawalpindi|Saint Mary's Academy]], a private school in [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="Mera Haripur">{{cite web|last=PR|title=Gohar Ayub Khan|url=http://meraharipur.com/Personalities/Political/Gohar_Ayub_Khan.html|publisher=Mera Haripur|access-date=26 May 2012|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003080142/http://meraharipur.com/Personalities/Political/Gohar_Ayub_Khan.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gohar Ayub joined the [[Pakistan Army]] in 1957, and trained at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Mera Haripur"/> Upon his return from the UK, he began active duty with the Pakistan Army and started to serve on staff appointments. In 1958 he began to serve as his father's [[aide-de-camp]], travelling with him on several foreign trips in Europe, the Americas, the Soviet Union, and Asia.<ref name="Mera Haripur"/> He did not rise beyond the rank of [[Captain (army)|Captain]] during his time in the army, despite his father's support.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/> In his army records, there are allegations of professional and behavioural misconduct.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/>


Gohar Ayub was prematurely given retirement in 1962 by the Army's Promotion Branch, despite his father's efforts to stop the investigations against his son. After his early retirement he and his father-in-law, General (retired) [[Habibullah Khan Khattak|Habibullah Khan]] established a private industrial firm, the Universal Insurance Co. Ltd.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/>
Gohar Ayub was prematurely given retirement in 1962 by the Army's Promotion Branch, despite his father's efforts to stop the investigations against his son. After his early retirement, he and his father-in-law, General (retired) [[Habibullah Khan Khattak|Habibullah Khan]] established a private industrial firm, the Universal Insurance Co. Ltd.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/>


==Politics==
During the [[1971 War]], Gohar Ayub briefly returned to active service, seeing action in the [[Punjab]] border areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=1965 war: India attacked Pakistan, now neither side wants war: Gohar Ayub Khan (IANS Interview) |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/1965-war-india-attacked-pakistan-now-neither-side-wants-war-gohar-ayub-khan-ians-interview-115092200300_1.html |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>
 
===Business wealth and net worth===
Gohar Ayub co-established an industrial firm under the business umbrella of Universal Insurance company Limited, founded by his father-in-law.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000">{{cite book|last=Rizvi|first=Hassan Askari|title=The military and politics|year=2000|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000|location=Lahore, Pakistan|isbn=9789693511482|pages=164–382|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMreAAAAMAAJ&q=gohar+ayub+khan}}</ref> During a short span of time, Ayub Khan intensified pro-Western and pro-Capitalism policies, and Gohar Ayub emerged as a powerful business oligarch.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000"/> There is no evidence that suggests Gohar Ayub secured all these positions with the consent of his father.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000"/> In 1969, a Western commentator estimated Gohar Ayub's personal wealth at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million.<ref name="ReferenceA">Pick, Franz, World Currency report. April 1969</ref>
In 2016 it has been said his personal wealth has become $15 million.


==Political career==
{{refimprove section|date=November 2023}}
=== Role in the 1965 presidential election===
=== Role in the 1965 presidential election===
Gohar Ayub reportedly played an influential, but controversial, role in [[Karachi]] after his father's election in the allegedly rigged [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 Presidential election]] against [[Fatima Jinnah]].<ref name="Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services">{{cite web|agency=Associated Press |title=Pakistan's Chief son is called Killer |url=http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |work=1965 |publisher=Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328043751/http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |archive-date=28 March 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> Gohar Ayub is said to have led a victory parade right into the heartland of opposition territory in [[Karachi]]. This move led to fierce clashes between rival political groups.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080526141535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,941860,00.html?iid=chix-sphere A Sorry Beginning – Time], Retrieved 25 August 2015</ref><ref>[http://pkpolitics.com/discuss/topic/who-did-the-massacre-of-january-4-1965-in-karachi Who did the Massacre of 4 January 1965 in Karachi]</ref><ref>[http://mqmhistory.wordpress.com/2013/08/14/the-great-muhajir-massacre-of-1965/ The Great Muhajir Massacre of 1965]</ref><ref>Mazari, Sherbaz 1999. A journey into disillusionment. Oxford University Press</ref> Gohar Ayub also faced criticism during that time on questions of family corruption and [[cronyism]] through his business links with his father-in-law.<ref name="Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services"/>
Gohar Ayub reportedly played an influential, but controversial, role in [[Karachi]] after his father's election in the allegedly rigged [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 presidential election]] against [[Fatima Jinnah]].<ref name="Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services">{{cite web|agency=Associated Press |title=Pakistan's Chief son is called Killer |url=http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |work=1965 |publisher=Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328043751/http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |archive-date=28 March 2012}}</ref> This move led to fierce clashes between rival political groups.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080526141535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,941860,00.html?iid=chix-sphere A Sorry Beginning—Time], Retrieved 25 August 2015</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pkpolitics.com/discuss/topic/who-did-the-massacre-of-january-4-1965-in-karachi |title=Who did the Massacre of 4 January 1965 in Karachi |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-date=5 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705073656/http://pkpolitics.com/discuss/topic/who-did-the-massacre-of-january-4-1965-in-karachi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://mqmhistory.wordpress.com/2013/08/14/the-great-muhajir-massacre-of-1965/ The Great Muhajir Massacre of 1965]</ref><ref>Mazari, Sherbaz 1999. A journey into disillusionment. Oxford University Press</ref> Gohar Ayub also faced criticism during that time on questions of family corruption and [[cronyism]] through his business links with his father-in-law.<ref name="Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services"/>


===Speaker of the National Assembly===
===Speaker of the National Assembly===
Gohar Ayub had been a long-standing member of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League]] and was elected five times to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] from his home constituency. He first successfully contested a presidential election in March 1965 on a [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Muslim League]] platform. In 1977, he contested the National Assembly seat from Peshawar Jail and was elected on the ticket of [[Asghar Khan]]'s [[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal|Independence Movement]] party, defeating the candidate Akhtar Nawaz Khan of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party|Pakistan People's Party]].
Gohar Ayub had been a long-standing member of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League]] and was elected five times to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] from his home constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=سابق وزیرخارجہ گوہر ایوب انتقال کر گئے |url=https://urdu.geo.tv/latest/347233- |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=urdu.geo.tv |language=en}}</ref> He first successfully contested a presidential election in March 1965 on a [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Muslim League]] platform. In 1977, he contested the National Assembly seat from Peshawar Jail and was elected on the ticket of [[Asghar Khan]]'s [[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal|Independence Movement]] party, defeating the candidate Akhtar Nawaz Khan of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party|Pakistan People's Party]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}
 
After successfully contesting the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]], Ayub Khan was appointed the 14th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker]] of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] on 4 November 1990, remaining until 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=سابق وزیر خارجہ گوہر ایوب خان وفات پا گئے - BBC Urdu |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/live/pakistan-67446967 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=BBC News اردو |language=ur-IN}}</ref> He was succeeded by [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]] (later Prime minister) after the [[1993 Pakistani general election|1993 general election]]. Gohar Ayub also served as senior vice president of the Pakistan Muslim League from 1990 to 1993. After his re-election in 1993, Gohar Ayub became deputy leader of the opposition in the National Assembly.{{cn|date=November 2023}}
 
===Foreign affairs and water and power ministry under Nawaz Sharif===
After securing a heavy mandate from his constituency, Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 20th [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] in 1997 by Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]].{{cn|date=November 2023}} Gohar Ayub publicly backed Prime Minister Sharif in authorising a nuclear testing programme in response to [[Pokhran-II|India's nuclear test]] in May 1998.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998">{{cite web|last=Sublette|first=Carey|title=Initial Reactions|url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaShakti.html|work=30 March 2001|publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998|access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref> Although the prime minister was much more subdued, Gohar Ayub reportedly issued hostile statements and began to call for atomic tests in response to India.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998"/> He prematurely issued media reports to the [[Media of Pakistan|media]], which reportedly displeased the prime minister.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998"/>
 
On 7 August 1998, Gohar Ayub was replaced by economic minister [[Sartaj Aziz]] (who put forth efforts to make peace between India and Pakistan), and was reassigned as [[Minister for Water and Power]], a position he filled until he was ousted and forced to resign on [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|12 October 1999]] as a result of a [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military coup]] commenced by General [[Pervez Musharraf]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}


After successfully contesting the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]], Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 14th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker]] of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] on 4 November 1990, remaining until 1993. He was succeeded by [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]] (later Prime minister) after the [[1993 Pakistani general election|1993 general election]]. Gohar Ayub also served as senior vice-president of the Pakistan Muslim League from 1990 to 1993. After his re-election in 1993, Gohar Ayub became deputy leader of the opposition in the National Assembly.
=== Parting ways with Nawaz Sharif ===
Gohar Ayub's relationship with Nawaz Sharif eventually became strained, causing the former to leave the Pakistan Muslim League in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2023 |title=پہلے فوجی صدر کے بیٹے گوہر ایوب خان جو ’ہاک تھے ڈوو نہیں‘ |url=https://www.urdunews.com/node/812706 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=Urdu News – اردو نیوز |language=ur}}</ref> Gohar Ayub defected to the Pakistan Muslim League's [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|splinter group]] in 2001. He was appointed the first secretary general of the party.{{cn|date=November 2023}} Unable to contest the 2002 election because of a graduation degree restriction introduced by Pervez Musharraf, Gohar Ayub instead endorsed and provide vital support to his family. His younger son, [[Omar Ayub Khan]], won his [[Haripur District]] seat, while his wife Zeb Gohar Ayub was elected MNA on the reserved women seats.{{cn|date=November 2023}} Gohar Ayub's strongest political opponent in his constituency was former chief minister [[Raja Sikander Zaman]].{{cn|date=November 2023}} Once Nawaz Sharif preferred to leave country after signing an accord with General Musharaf, Gohar Ayub Khan left his party PMLN.


===Foreign affairs and water and power ministry===
=== Post-retirement and controversies ===
After securing a heavy mandate from his constituency, Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 20th [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] in 1997 by Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]]. Gohar Ayub publicly backed Prime Minister Sharif in authorizing a nuclear testing programme in response to [[Pokhran-II|India's nuclear test]] in May 1998.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998">{{cite web|last=Sublette|first=Carey|title=Initial Reactions|url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaShakti.html|work=30 March 2001|publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998|access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref> Although the prime minister was much more subdued, Gohar Ayub reportedly issued hostile statements and began to call for atomic tests in response to India.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998"/> He prematurely issued media reports to the [[Media of Pakistan|media]], which reportedly displeased the prime minister.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998"/>
After his retirement from national politics in 2002, Gohar Ayub wrote ''Glimpses into the Corridors of Power'' and published his father's diary.<ref>Khan, Ayub (26 April 2007) Diaries of Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, 1966–1972. OUP Pakistan {{ISBN|0-19-547442-2}}</ref> He opposed the proposal to rename the NWFP to [[Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], while supporting the creation of a separate [[Hazara District|Hazara]] province. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-21 |title=Establishing new provinces need of the hour: Gohar Ayub |url=https://nation.com.pk/21-Mar-2012/establishing-new-provinces-need-of-the-hour-gohar-ayub |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=The Nation |language=en-US}}</ref>


On 7 August 1998, Gohar Ayub was replaced by economic minister [[Sartaj Aziz]] (who put forth efforts to make peace between India and Pakistan), and was reassigned as [[Minister for Water and Power]], a position he filled until he was ousted and forced to resign on [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|12 October 1999]] as a result of a [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military coup]] commenced by General [[Pervez Musharraf]].
=== Reconciliation with Nawaz Sharif ===
After spending few years with the [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]] during the 2000s, he eventually rejoined PML-N in December 2012, following his reconciliation with [[Nawaz Sharif]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2012 |title=Welcome back: Gohar Ayub and son join Nawaz League |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/485775/welcome-back-gohar-ayub-and-son-join-nawaz-league |access-date=17 November 2023 |website=The Express Tribune}}</ref>


Gohar Ayub's relationship with Nawaz Sharif eventually became strained, causing Gohar Ayub to leave the Pakistan Muslim League in 1999. Gohar Ayub defected to the Pakistan Muslim League's [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|splinter group]] in 2001. He was appointed as the first secretary general of the party. Unable to contest the 2002 election because of a graduation degree restriction introduced by Pervez Musharraf, Gohar Ayub instead endorsed and provide vital support to his family. His younger son, [[Omar Ayub Khan]], won his [[Haripur District]] seat, while his wife Zeb Gohar Ayub was elected MNA on the reserved women seats. To date, Gohar Ayub's strongest political opponent in his constituency has been former Chief Minister [[Raja Sikander Zaman]].
== Business career ==
Gohar Ayub Khan co-established an industrial firm under the business umbrella of Universal Insurance company Limited, founded by his father-in-law.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000">{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Hassan Askari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMreAAAAMAAJ&q=gohar+ayub+khan |title=The military and politics |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000 |year=2000 |isbn=9789693511482 |location=Lahore, Pakistan |pages=164–382}}</ref> During a short span of time, Ayub Khan intensified pro-Western and pro-Capitalism policies, and Gohar Ayub emerged as a powerful business oligarch.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000" /> There was no evidence that suggests Gohar Ayub secured all these positions with the consent of his father.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000" /> In 1969, a Western commentator estimated Gohar Ayub's wealth at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million.<ref name="ReferenceA">Pick, Franz, World Currency report. April 1969</ref>


===Business===
Gohar Ayub served as the Chief Executive of Universal Insurance and was on the board of several other companies in his in-laws, Khan Khattak family's corporation the [[Bibojee Group]].<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/business-leaders/Gohar-Ayub-Khan-0GQL42-E/biography/ Market Screener: Business Leaders: Gohar Ayub Khan]</ref>


Gohar Ayub Khan still serves as Chief Executive of Universal Insurance and is on the board of several other companies in his in laws the Khan Khattak family's corporation the [[Bibojee Group]].<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/business-leaders/Gohar-Ayub-Khan-0GQL42-E/biography/ Market Screener: Business Leaders: Gohar Ayub Khan]</ref>
==Death==
Gohar Ayub Khan died at Kulsum International Hospital in [[Islamabad]], Pakistan on 17 November 2023, at the age of 86 following a brief illness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gohar Ayub Khan passes away |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1130081-gohar-ayub-khan-passes-away |access-date=17 November 2023 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>


==Post-retirement and controversies==
He left four children behind, two daughters and two sons, including politician [[Omar Ayub Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2023 |title=Gohar Ayub Khan passes away |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1130081-gohar-ayub-khan-passes-away |website=[[The News International]]}}</ref>
After his retirement from national politics in 2002, Gohar Ayub wrote ''Glimpses into the Corridors of Power'' and published his father's diary.<ref>Khan, Ayub (26 April 2007) Diaries of Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, 1966–1972. OUP Pakistan {{ISBN|0-19-547442-2}}</ref> He opposed the proposal to rename the NWFP to [[Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], while supporting the creation of a separate [[Hazara District|Hazara]] province.


==Books==
==Books==
* ''Glimpses into the corridor of power'', Karachi : Oxford University Press, 2007, 354 p. <small>Autobiography</small>.
* ''Glimpses Into the Corridors of Power'', Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2007, 354 p. <small>Autobiography</small>.
* ''Testing times as foreign minister'', Islamabad : Dost Publications, 2009, 352 p. <small>Autobiography</small>.
* ''Testing Times as Foreign Minister'', Islamabad: Dost Publications, 2009, 352 p. <small>Autobiography</small>.
* ''Shikar in the days gone by'', Islamabad : Dost Publications, 2009, 148 p. <small>On [[hunting]].</small>
* ''Shikar: In The Days Gone By'', Islamabad: Dost Publications, 2009, 148 p. <small>On [[hunting]].</small>
* ''Aivan-i iqtidar ke mushahidat'', Lahore : Sang-e-Mil Publications, 2018, 364 p. <small>Autobiography.</small>
* ''Aivān-i Iqtidār Ke Mushāhidāt'', Lahore: Sang-e-Mil Publications, 2018, 364 p. <small>Autobiography.</small>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 89: Line 99:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://uic.com.pk/index.php/board-of-directors/ Universal Insurance: Board of Directors]
* [http://uic.com.pk/index.php/board-of-directors/ Universal Insurance: Board of Directors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226045635/https://uic.com.pk/index.php/board-of-directors/ |date=26 February 2021 }}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1965–1969]]

Latest revision as of 02:43, 16 January 2026


Gohar Ayub Khan
گوہر ایوب خان
Khan in 2004
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
25 February 1997 – 7 August 1998
Prime MinisterNawaz Sharif
Preceded bySahabzada Yaqub Khan (Acting)
Succeeded bySartaj Aziz
14th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
In office
4 November 1990 – 17 October 1993
DeputyM. Nawaz Khokhar
Preceded byMalik Meraj Khalid
Succeeded byYousaf Raza Gillani
Personal details
Born(1937-01-08)8 January 1937
Rehana, North-West Frontier Province, British India
(now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Died17 November 2023(2023-11-17) (aged 86)
Islamabad, Pakistan
NationalityPakistani
Political partyPakistan Muslim League (N) (2012–2018)
Other political
affiliations		Pakistan Peoples Muslim League (2009–2012)
Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (1999–2009)
Islamic Democratic Alliance (1988–1990)
Pakistan Muslim League (F) (1985–1988)
Tehrik-e-Istiqlal (1977–1985)
Convention Muslim League (before 1977)
Children4, including Omar Ayub Khan
Parent(s)
RelativesMir Dad Khan (grandfather)
Sardar Bahadur Khan(uncle)
Yousuf Ayub Khan(nephew)
Nusrat Ayub Khan(Sister)
Arshad Ayub Khan (nephew)
Akbar Ayub Khan (nephew)
Alma materRoyal Military Academy Sandhurst
Nickname(s)Kaptaan
Military service
Allegiance Pakistan
Branch/service Pakistan Army
Years of service(1957–1962; 1971–1972)
RankCaptain
Unit1/14 Punjab
Battles/warsIndo-Pakistan War of 1971

Gohar Ayub Khan (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; 8 January 1937 – 17 November 2023) was a Pakistani politician, businessman, army officer, and a leader of the Pakistan Muslim League (N), who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister Nawaz Sharif.

Gohar Ayub Khan hailed from the village of Rehana, located in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and belonged to the Tareen tribe of ethnic Pashtuns. He was fluent in Hindko and Pashto. He was the son of military dictator former president and field marshal, Ayub Khan, and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the 1965 presidential election. Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Gohar Ayub Khan was commissioned in the Pakistan Army in 1959. During his military service, he served as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of captain, he established a business conglomerate and entered politics in 1974.

Khan contested the 1977 general election through the Tehrik-e-Istiqlal platform and joined the Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA) in 1988. After the 1990 general election, he was appointed the 14th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan. He became the 20th Minister of Foreign Affairs after securing his seat with a heavy margin in the 1997 general election. Later he shifted to the energy department, serving as Minister for Water and Power beginning 7 August 1998. His term was abruptly ended after the 1999 Pakistani coup d'état by General Pervez Musharraf, and he subsequently retired from national politics.

Early life and military career[edit | edit source]

Gohar Ayub Khan was born on 8 January 1937, in the village of Rehana, in Haripur District during the British Raj in the North-West Frontier Province into a Pashtun military family.[1][2] A native Hindko speaker, Gohar Ayub belonged to the Tareen tribe of Pashtuns. His father, Ayub Khan, was a senior commanding officer in the British Army and later ascended to staff and field operational assignments in the Pakistan Army. Ayub Khan subsequently became President of Pakistan through a bloodless military coup that commenced in 1958.

Gohar Ayub was sent to study at the military-controlled Army Burn Hall College and eventually moved on to attend Saint Mary's Academy, a private school in Rawalpindi.[3] Gohar Ayub joined the Pakistan Army in 1957, and trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in the United Kingdom.[3] Upon his return from the UK, he began active duty with the Pakistan Army and started to serve on staff appointments. In 1958 he began to serve as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips in Europe, the Americas, the Soviet Union, and Asia.[3] He did not rise beyond the rank of Captain during his time in the army, despite his father's support.[1] In his army records, there are allegations of professional and behavioural misconduct.[1]

Gohar Ayub was prematurely given retirement in 1962 by the Army's Promotion Branch, despite his father's efforts to stop the investigations against his son. After his early retirement, he and his father-in-law, General (retired) Habibullah Khan established a private industrial firm, the Universal Insurance Co. Ltd.[1]

During the 1971 War, Gohar Ayub briefly returned to active service, seeing action in the Punjab border areas.[4]

Political career[edit | edit source]

Role in the 1965 presidential election[edit | edit source]

Gohar Ayub reportedly played an influential, but controversial, role in Karachi after his father's election in the allegedly rigged 1965 presidential election against Fatima Jinnah.[5] This move led to fierce clashes between rival political groups.[6][7][8][9] Gohar Ayub also faced criticism during that time on questions of family corruption and cronyism through his business links with his father-in-law.[5]

Speaker of the National Assembly[edit | edit source]

Gohar Ayub had been a long-standing member of the Pakistan Muslim League and was elected five times to the National Assembly from his home constituency.[10] He first successfully contested a presidential election in March 1965 on a Muslim League platform. In 1977, he contested the National Assembly seat from Peshawar Jail and was elected on the ticket of Asghar Khan's Independence Movement party, defeating the candidate Akhtar Nawaz Khan of the Pakistan People's Party.[citation needed]

After successfully contesting the 1990 general election, Ayub Khan was appointed the 14th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan on 4 November 1990, remaining until 1993.[11] He was succeeded by Yousaf Raza Gillani (later Prime minister) after the 1993 general election. Gohar Ayub also served as senior vice president of the Pakistan Muslim League from 1990 to 1993. After his re-election in 1993, Gohar Ayub became deputy leader of the opposition in the National Assembly.[citation needed]

Foreign affairs and water and power ministry under Nawaz Sharif[edit | edit source]

After securing a heavy mandate from his constituency, Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 20th Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1997 by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.[citation needed] Gohar Ayub publicly backed Prime Minister Sharif in authorising a nuclear testing programme in response to India's nuclear test in May 1998.[12] Although the prime minister was much more subdued, Gohar Ayub reportedly issued hostile statements and began to call for atomic tests in response to India.[12] He prematurely issued media reports to the media, which reportedly displeased the prime minister.[12]

On 7 August 1998, Gohar Ayub was replaced by economic minister Sartaj Aziz (who put forth efforts to make peace between India and Pakistan), and was reassigned as Minister for Water and Power, a position he filled until he was ousted and forced to resign on 12 October 1999 as a result of a military coup commenced by General Pervez Musharraf.[citation needed]

Parting ways with Nawaz Sharif[edit | edit source]

Gohar Ayub's relationship with Nawaz Sharif eventually became strained, causing the former to leave the Pakistan Muslim League in 1999.[13] Gohar Ayub defected to the Pakistan Muslim League's splinter group in 2001. He was appointed the first secretary general of the party.[citation needed] Unable to contest the 2002 election because of a graduation degree restriction introduced by Pervez Musharraf, Gohar Ayub instead endorsed and provide vital support to his family. His younger son, Omar Ayub Khan, won his Haripur District seat, while his wife Zeb Gohar Ayub was elected MNA on the reserved women seats.[citation needed] Gohar Ayub's strongest political opponent in his constituency was former chief minister Raja Sikander Zaman.[citation needed] Once Nawaz Sharif preferred to leave country after signing an accord with General Musharaf, Gohar Ayub Khan left his party PMLN.

Post-retirement and controversies[edit | edit source]

After his retirement from national politics in 2002, Gohar Ayub wrote Glimpses into the Corridors of Power and published his father's diary.[14] He opposed the proposal to rename the NWFP to Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, while supporting the creation of a separate Hazara province. [15]

Reconciliation with Nawaz Sharif[edit | edit source]

After spending few years with the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) during the 2000s, he eventually rejoined PML-N in December 2012, following his reconciliation with Nawaz Sharif.[16]

Business career[edit | edit source]

Gohar Ayub Khan co-established an industrial firm under the business umbrella of Universal Insurance company Limited, founded by his father-in-law.[17] During a short span of time, Ayub Khan intensified pro-Western and pro-Capitalism policies, and Gohar Ayub emerged as a powerful business oligarch.[17] There was no evidence that suggests Gohar Ayub secured all these positions with the consent of his father.[17] In 1969, a Western commentator estimated Gohar Ayub's wealth at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million.[18]

Gohar Ayub served as the Chief Executive of Universal Insurance and was on the board of several other companies in his in-laws, Khan Khattak family's corporation the Bibojee Group.[19]

Death[edit | edit source]

Gohar Ayub Khan died at Kulsum International Hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan on 17 November 2023, at the age of 86 following a brief illness.[20]

He left four children behind, two daughters and two sons, including politician Omar Ayub Khan.[21]

Books[edit | edit source]

  • Glimpses Into the Corridors of Power, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2007, 354 p. Autobiography.
  • Testing Times as Foreign Minister, Islamabad: Dost Publications, 2009, 352 p. Autobiography.
  • Shikar: In The Days Gone By, Islamabad: Dost Publications, 2009, 148 p. On hunting.
  • Aivān-i Iqtidār Ke Mushāhidāt, Lahore: Sang-e-Mil Publications, 2018, 364 p. Autobiography.

See also[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Raman, B. "Campaign against Field Marshal Sam". South Asia Analysis Group. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  2. ↑ Glimpses Into the Corridors of Power. Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-19-547354-4. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 PR. "Gohar Ayub Khan". Mera Haripur. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  4. ↑ "1965 war: India attacked Pakistan, now neither side wants war: Gohar Ayub Khan (IANS Interview)". Business Standard. 22 September 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Pakistan's Chief son is called Killer". 1965. Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  6. ↑ A Sorry Beginning—Time, Retrieved 25 August 2015
  7. ↑ "Who did the Massacre of 4 January 1965 in Karachi". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  8. ↑ The Great Muhajir Massacre of 1965
  9. ↑ Mazari, Sherbaz 1999. A journey into disillusionment. Oxford University Press
  10. ↑ "سابق وزیرخارجہ گوہر ایوب انتقال کر گئے". urdu.geo.tv. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  11. ↑ "سابق وزیر خارجہ گوہر ایوب خان وفات پا گئے - BBC Urdu". BBC News اردو (in اردو). Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Sublette, Carey. "Initial Reactions". 30 March 2001. Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  13. ↑ "پہلے فوجی صدر کے بیٹے گوہر ایوب خان جو 'ہاک تھے ڈوو نہیں'". Urdu News – اردو نیوز (in اردو). 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  14. ↑ Khan, Ayub (26 April 2007) Diaries of Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, 1966–1972. OUP Pakistan ISBN 0-19-547442-2
  15. ↑ "Establishing new provinces need of the hour: Gohar Ayub". The Nation. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  16. ↑ "Welcome back: Gohar Ayub and son join Nawaz League". The Express Tribune. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Rizvi, Hassan Askari (2000). The military and politics. Lahore, Pakistan: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000. pp. 164–382. ISBN 9789693511482.
  18. ↑ Pick, Franz, World Currency report. April 1969
  19. ↑ Market Screener: Business Leaders: Gohar Ayub Khan
  20. ↑ "Gohar Ayub Khan passes away". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  21. ↑ "Gohar Ayub Khan passes away". The News International. 18 November 2023.
Political offices
Preceded by
Malik Meraj Khalid 		Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
1990–1993 		Succeeded by
Yousaf Raza Gillani
Preceded by
Sahabzada Yaqub Khan
Acting 		Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)
1997–1998 		Succeeded by
Sartaj Aziz

Template:Foreign Minister of Pakistan Template:Speaker National Assembly Pakistan

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