Muthuraja: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by Almighty34
Last edited November 27, 2025
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Palaekari
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit
m fix details per sources
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Tamil and Telugu speaking community in south India}}
{{About|the Indian caste called Muthuraja||Muttaraiyar (disambiguation){{!}}Muttaraiyar}}  
{{About|the Indian caste called Muthuraja||Muttaraiyar (disambiguation){{!}}Muttaraiyar}}  
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}  
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name=Muthuraja
|languages=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]{{*}}[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|populated_states=[[Tamil Nadu]]
|region=Central Tamil Nadu
|population=
|religions=[[Hinduism]]{{*}}[[Jainism]]
|country={{flag|India}}
|ethnicity=
|classification=[[Other Backward Class|Backward caste]]}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}  
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
'''Muthuraja''' (also known as '''Mutharaiyar''') is a [[Tamil people|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref name="Telugu">
| image            = 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwbtAAAAMAAJ |title=Barriers broken: production relations and agrarian change in Tamil Nadu |publisher=Sage Publications |year=1990 |isbn=9780803996397 |editor1-last=Athreya |editor1-first=Venkatesh B. |page=25 |quote=The Muthurajas are descendants of the soldiers which the poligars recruited in their homeland, the Telugu-speaking areas of contemporary Andhra Pradesh, north of Tamil Nadu. Like other castes originating from Andhra, they are bilingual, often speaking Telugu in family circles and Tamil outside the house |editor2-last=Djurfeldt |editor2-first=Göran |editor3-last=Lindberg |editor3-first=Staffan}}
| caption          = 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pAMAQAAMAAJ&q=Muthuracha |title=A handbook of Tamil Nadu |author2= |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |year=1996 |isbn=9788185692203 |editor1-last=K. M. Venkataramaiah |volume= |page=425 |quote=Muthuracha: A Telugu caste found in some districts of Tamil Nadu, the Muthuracha (muthurācha) is also called Muttaraiyan. Some are talaiyāris or watchmen of villages. They seem to be a major sect in the coastal villages of Andhra Pradesh}}
| group            = Muthuraja
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iw7SL2QrgcQC&dq=Among+the+Telugu+castes+that+came+to+Tamilnadu+were+the+Mutturajas+or+Mutr%C4%81chas&pg=PA19 |title=Kattavarayan Katai |author2= |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |year=2004 |isbn=9783447047128 |editor1-last=Eveline Masilamani-Meyer  |volume= |page=19 |quote=Among the Telugu castes that came to Tamilnadu were the Mutturajas or Mutrāchas.}}
| popplace        = [[Tamil Nadu]] , [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]]
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxiAAAAAMAAJ&q=Muttiriyan++Tamil+Nadu+primarily++Telugu+caste |title=Biology of the People of Tamil Nadu |author2= |publisher= |year=1981 |editor1=L. D. Sanghvi |editor2=V. Balakrishnan |editor3=Irawati Karmarkar Karve |volume= |page=21 |quote=Mutracha (MT) Mutracha is also known as Muttiriyan in Tamil Nadu. It is primarily a Telugu caste found in the southern districts of Andhra Pradesh. They were employed by the Vijayanagar kings to defend their frontiers when they entered Tamil Nadu and were honoured with the title of Paligar. They speak Telugu in Tamil Nadu.}}</ref> speaking community found in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]].
| languages        = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| religions        = [[Hinduism]]
| related-c        = 
| related_groups  = [[Mudiraju]]
<!-- INVALID PARAM: 'classification':
| classification  = [[Backward Class]]
  -->
}}
'''Muthuraja''' or '''Mutharaiyar''' is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Venkatesh B. |editor1-last=Athreya |editor2-first=Göran |editor2-last=Djurfeldt |editor3-first=Staffan |editor3-last= Lindberg |title=Barriers broken: production relations and agrarian change in Tamil Nadu |publisher= Sage Publications|year=1990 |page=25 |isbn=9780803996397 |quote=The Muthurajas are descendants of the soldiers which the poligars recruited in their homeland, the Telugu-speaking areas of contemporary Andhra Pradesh, north of Tamil Nadu. Like other castes originating from Andhra, they are bilingual, often speaking Telugu in family circles and Tamil outside the house |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwbtAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1=Eveline Masilamani-Meyer |title=Kattavarayan Katai |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2004|page=19|isbn=9783447047128 |quote=Among the Telugu castes that came to Tamilnadu were the Mutturajas or Mutrāchas. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iw7SL2QrgcQC&pg=PA19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1=K. M. Venkataramaiah |title=A handbook of Tamil Nadu|publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |year=1996|page=425|isbn=9788185692203 |quote=Muthuracha: A Telugu caste found in some districts of Tamil Nadu, the Muthuracha (muthurācha) is also called Muttaraiyan. Some are talaiyāris or watchmen of villages. They seem to be a major sect in the coastal villages of Andhra Pradesh| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pAMAQAAMAAJ&q=Muthuracha}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1=L. D. Sanghvi |editor2=V. Balakrishnan |editor3=Irawati Karmarkar Karve |title=Biology of the People of Tamil Nadu |year=1981|page=21|quote=Mutracha (MT)   Mutracha is primarily a Telugu caste found in the southern districts of Andhra Pradesh. They were employed by the Vijayanagar kings to defend their frontiers when they entered Tamil Nadu and were honoured with the title of Paligar. They speak Telugu. In Tamil Nadu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxiAAAAAMAAJ&q=%2C+++++andhra+Pradesh+frontiers++honoured++paligar++vijayanagar++more+numerous+++Tiruchirappalli}}</ref> speaking [[Landlord|Landowning]] community prevalent in southern India.They are originated from [[Mutharaiyar dynasty]]. In mutharaiyar castes palaekari dhoravar


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
The etymology of the community name is unclear. The names Muthuraja and Muthuraiyar may be derived from two words, the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] name ''muthu'' meaning "pearl" and ''raja'' or ''raiyar'' both meaning "king".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kkppAgAAQBAJ|title=Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India|last=Kent|first=Eliza F.|date=2013-03-26|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199895472|pages=33–34|language=en}}</ref> ''Muttaraiyar'' may also be derived from ''mundru'' meaning "three" and ''tharai'' meaning "earth", which was also a title of [[Velir]] chiefs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamilvu.org/library/ldpam/ldpam07/ldpam072/html/ldpam072ind.htm|title=A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Tamil Language|website=www.tamilvu.org|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|page=200|access-date=2018-12-03}}</ref>{{qn|date=July 2020}}
The etymology of the community name is unclear. The names Muthuraja and Muthuraiyar may be derived from two words, the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] name ''muthu'' meaning "pearl" and ''raja'' or ''raiyar'' both meaning "king".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kkppAgAAQBAJ|title=Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India|last=Kent|first=Eliza F.|date=2013-03-26|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199895472|pages=33–34|language=en}}</ref> ''Muttaraiyar'' may also be derived from ''mundru'' meaning "three" and ''tharai'' meaning "earth".{{cn|date=August 2023}}
==Origins==


Their title '''Ambalakkarar''' is derived from the Tamil word ''ambalam'' meaning [[Gram panchayat|panchayat]] or "village council", as they served as the heads of these councils.<ref name=":0" />
The [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking Muthuraja are densely distributed in the central and southern districts of Tamil Nadu, particularly in the Cauvery Delta region. They have historical roots as a ruling dynasty in this region, with inscriptions and literature from the 7th-9th centuries mentioning Tamil-speaking Mutharaiyar chiefs.
==Origin==
 
According to Tamil historians, the Muttarayar are said to have invaded kingdoms in Tamil Nadu around the 2nd century CE from [[Erumainadu]], which is identified with the area in and around modern [[Mysore]] in [[Karnataka]].<ref name=erumainad>{{cite book|title=Bulletin, Volume 3, Issue 2|author=Anthropological Survey of India|publisher=India. Dept. of Anthropology|page=8}}</ref>{{full|date=July 2020}}
The [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking section, often known as Muthuraja Naidu or Muthiriya Naidu, is mostly found in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu. This group's ancestors are to have migrated from the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking regions of present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]] during the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] and Nayaka periods, serving as paligars and soldiers.<ref name="Telugu" />
 
==Subdivision==


They seem to have established themselves as lords of the [[Thanjavur]] district in Tamilnadu around this time. The most famous of this [[Mutharaiyar dynasty]] were [[Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar]], also called Kuvavan Maaran, his son Maaran Parameswaran, alias Ilangovadiaraiyan, and [[Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II]], alias Suvaran Maaran.<ref>{{cite book|title=Feudatories of South India, 800-1070 A.D.|author=Ve Pālāmpāḷ|publisher=Chugh Publications |year=1978|page=135}}</ref>{{qn|date=July 2020}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Hero-stones in Tamilnadu|author=Naṭan̲a Kācinātan̲|publisher=Arun Publications |year=1978|page=20}}</ref>{{qn|date=July 2020}}
The Mutharaiyar community had two linguistic sects within the state; being [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]].


During the 7th to 8th centuries, they served as feudatories of the [[Pallava]]s and controlled the fertile plains of the Kaveri region. An inscription in the [[Tiru Parameswara Vinnagaram|Vaikuntha Perumal temple]] in Kanchipuram mentions a Muttaraiyar chief receiving [[Nandivarman II]] Pallavamalla at the latter's coronation.<ref>{{cite book|title=Geographical Names in Ancient Indian Inscriptions|first=Parmanand |last=Gupta|publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1977|page=55}}</ref> According to historian T. A. Gopinatha Rao, this chief was Perumbidigu Muthurayar II,<ref>{{cite book|title=Social and cultural history of Tamilnad, Volume 1|author=N. Subrahmanian|publisher=Ennes |year=1993|page=66}}</ref> who is styled as Kalvara Kalvan in this epigraph.<ref>{{cite book|title=Geographical Names in Ancient Indian Inscriptions|author=Parmanand Gupta|publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1977|page=55}}</ref> According to historian Mahalingam, he fought along with Udayachandra, the Pallava general of Nandivarman II, in at least twelve battles against the [[Chera]]s and [[Pandya]]s.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram|author=D Dennis Hudson|publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008|page=541}}</ref> When the Cholas came to power in 850, [[Vijayalaya Chola]] wrested control of Tanjore from the Urayur and turned them into vassals.<ref>{{cite book|title=The political structure of early medieval South India|author=Kesavan Veluthat|publisher=Orient Longman, 1993|page=112}}</ref>
The [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking Muthuraja community has historical connections to the [[Mutharaiyar dynasty]], a ruling family from the 7th to 9th centuries CE and a strong presence in the central and southern districts of [[Tamil Nadu]]. while the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking Muthuraja Naidu community, who migrated from the Telugu-speaking areas of [[Andhra Pradesh]], is mostly found in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Telugu" />


The early rulers of the dynasty seem to have encouraged [[Jainism]]. The Jain acharya Vimalachandra from [[Sravanabelagola]] is said to have visited Suvaran Maaran's court and challenged the [[Saivas]], [[Kapalika]]s, [[Pasupata]]s and [[Buddhist]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Political, Legal And War Philosophy In Ancient India|author=H.S. Bhatia|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications, 2001|page=180}}</ref>
==Titles==
Their title '''Ambalakkarar''' is derived from the Tamil word ''ambalam'' meaning [[Gram panchayat|panchayat]] or "village council", as they served as the heads of these councils.<ref name=":0" />


==Demographics==
==Unified Subcastes==
The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] Speaking Muthuraja are densely distributed in the [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]], [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]], [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]], [[Karur district|Karur]], [[Madurai]], [[Dindigul]], [[Perambalur district|Perambalur]] and [[Sivagangai district|Sivagangai]] districts of [[Tamil Nadu]].
 
[[J. Jayalalithaa]], as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, issued a government order (G.O. 15/22.02.1996) in 1996 that unified 29 existing sub-castes into a single, combined "Mutharaiyar" community for official purposes.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=N . Hari Bhaskar, Chief Secretary of Tamil Nadu Government|author2=|title=G.O.Ms.No :15 ( Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes Welfare Department ) dated 22-2-96|volume= |publisher=TAMIL NADU ELECTRICITY  BOARD BULLETIN |date=July 1996 |quote=( PART - 2 ) GENERAL  ADMINISTRATION & SERVICES ( Page 2 ) GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU ABSTRACT :  WELFARE  OF BACKWARD  CLASSES - Mutharaiyar community and its Sub-sects calling the main community and its Sub-sects as Mutharaiyar - Orders - Issused  |url=http://tneb.tnebnet.org/test1/Gazette/YearWisePDF/1996/1996_July.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=எஸ்.சஞ்சய் ராமசாமி|author2=|title=மத்திய மண்டலம் அரசியல் பரபர  முத்தரையர்கள் வாக்கு யாருக்கு?|volume= |publisher=விகடன் இதழ் |date=15 Sep 2010|page=|quote=96-ம் ஆண்டு 29 பிரிவுகளாக இருந்த எங்கள் சமுதாய மக்களை 'முத்தரையர்கள்' என்கிற பெயரில் ஒருங்கிணைத்து அரசாணை பிறப்பித்தார் ஜெயலலிதா| url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/local-bodies/52920--2 }}</ref>


The [[Telugu language|Telugu]]  speaking Muthuraja Naidu comparatively fewer in number are mostly distributed in the [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Tiruvallur district |Tiruvallur]], [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]], [[Vellore district|Vellore]], [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]], [[Viluppuram district |Viluppuram]] and [[Cuddalore district |Cuddalore]] districts of northern [[Tamil Nadu]].
Several [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking sub-castes were unified under the common name "Mutharaiyar" (also Muthuraja) for the purpose of official government records and backward class reservations in Tamil Nadu.  


== Literature ==
[[File:MutharaiyarGO.jpg|thumb|backward classes and most backward classes welfare department G.O.Ms.No :15 dated 22-2-1996 ]]
One of the most notable Muthuraja people was Peru Mutharaiyar, who was known for his great wealth and grand feasts. Two stanzas (200, 296) of ''[[Nālaṭiyār]]'', a [[Jainism|Jain]] work of ancient [[Tamil literature]], is dedicated to him.<ref>{{cite book|title=Studies in South Indian Jainism: South Indian Jainism|author=M. S. Ramaswami Ayyangar, B. Seshagiri Rao|publisher=Sri Satguru Publications |year=1982|page=56}}</ref> Another work called ''Muttolaayiram'' which is part of the Tamil anthology lauds the exploits of the Mutturaja chieftains.<ref name=erumainad/>


==See also==
==Demographics==
*[[Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar]]
The [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking Muthuraja are densely distributed in the [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]], [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]], [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]], [[Karur district|Karur]], [[Madurai]], [[Dindigul]], [[Perambalur district|Perambalur]] and [[Sivagangai district|Sivagangai]] districts of [[Tamil Nadu]].{{cn|date=September 2023}}
*[[Ilango Mutharaiyar]]
*[[Kannappa Nayanar]]
The [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking Muthuraja Naidu, comparatively fewer in number, are mostly distributed in the [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Tiruvallur district |Tiruvallur]], [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]], [[Vellore district|Vellore]], [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]], [[Viluppuram district |Viluppuram]] and [[Cuddalore district |Cuddalore]] districts of northern [[Tamil Nadu]].{{cn|date=September 2023}}
*[[Thirumangai Alvar]]
*[[Thenpandi Singam]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Tamils|India|Hinduism}}


[[Category:Pudukkottai state]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]

Latest revision as of 07:50, 27 November 2025


This article is about the Indian caste called Muthuraja. For other uses, see Muttaraiyar.
Muthuraja
ClassificationBackward caste
ReligionsHinduism • Jainism
LanguagesTamil • Telugu
Country India
Populated statesTamil Nadu
RegionCentral Tamil Nadu

Muthuraja (also known as Mutharaiyar) is a Tamil and Telugu[1] speaking community found in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The etymology of the community name is unclear. The names Muthuraja and Muthuraiyar may be derived from two words, the Tamil name muthu meaning "pearl" and raja or raiyar both meaning "king".[2] Muttaraiyar may also be derived from mundru meaning "three" and tharai meaning "earth".[citation needed]

Origins[edit | edit source]

The Tamil-speaking Muthuraja are densely distributed in the central and southern districts of Tamil Nadu, particularly in the Cauvery Delta region. They have historical roots as a ruling dynasty in this region, with inscriptions and literature from the 7th-9th centuries mentioning Tamil-speaking Mutharaiyar chiefs.

The Telugu-speaking section, often known as Muthuraja Naidu or Muthiriya Naidu, is mostly found in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu. This group's ancestors are to have migrated from the Telugu-speaking regions of present-day Andhra Pradesh during the Vijayanagara and Nayaka periods, serving as paligars and soldiers.[1]

Subdivision[edit | edit source]

The Mutharaiyar community had two linguistic sects within the state; being Tamil and Telugu.

The Tamil-speaking Muthuraja community has historical connections to the Mutharaiyar dynasty, a ruling family from the 7th to 9th centuries CE and a strong presence in the central and southern districts of Tamil Nadu. while the Telugu-speaking Muthuraja Naidu community, who migrated from the Telugu-speaking areas of Andhra Pradesh, is mostly found in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu.[1]

Titles[edit | edit source]

Their title Ambalakkarar is derived from the Tamil word ambalam meaning panchayat or "village council", as they served as the heads of these councils.[2]

Unified Subcastes[edit | edit source]

J. Jayalalithaa, as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, issued a government order (G.O. 15/22.02.1996) in 1996 that unified 29 existing sub-castes into a single, combined "Mutharaiyar" community for official purposes.[3][4]

Several Tamil and Telugu speaking sub-castes were unified under the common name "Mutharaiyar" (also Muthuraja) for the purpose of official government records and backward class reservations in Tamil Nadu.

backward classes and most backward classes welfare department G.O.Ms.No :15 dated 22-2-1996

Demographics[edit | edit source]

The Tamil-speaking Muthuraja are densely distributed in the Tiruchirappalli, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Karur, Madurai, Dindigul, Perambalur and Sivagangai districts of Tamil Nadu.[citation needed]

The Telugu-speaking Muthuraja Naidu, comparatively fewer in number, are mostly distributed in the Chennai, Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Viluppuram and Cuddalore districts of northern Tamil Nadu.[citation needed]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2
    • Athreya, Venkatesh B.; Djurfeldt, Göran; Lindberg, Staffan, eds. (1990). Barriers broken: production relations and agrarian change in Tamil Nadu. Sage Publications. p. 25. ISBN 9780803996397. The Muthurajas are descendants of the soldiers which the poligars recruited in their homeland, the Telugu-speaking areas of contemporary Andhra Pradesh, north of Tamil Nadu. Like other castes originating from Andhra, they are bilingual, often speaking Telugu in family circles and Tamil outside the house
    • K. M. Venkataramaiah, ed. (1996). A handbook of Tamil Nadu. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 425. ISBN 9788185692203. Muthuracha: A Telugu caste found in some districts of Tamil Nadu, the Muthuracha (muthurācha) is also called Muttaraiyan. Some are talaiyāris or watchmen of villages. They seem to be a major sect in the coastal villages of Andhra Pradesh
    • Eveline Masilamani-Meyer, ed. (2004). Kattavarayan Katai. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 19. ISBN 9783447047128. Among the Telugu castes that came to Tamilnadu were the Mutturajas or Mutrāchas.
    • L. D. Sanghvi; V. Balakrishnan; Irawati Karmarkar Karve, eds. (1981). Biology of the People of Tamil Nadu. p. 21. Mutracha (MT) Mutracha is also known as Muttiriyan in Tamil Nadu. It is primarily a Telugu caste found in the southern districts of Andhra Pradesh. They were employed by the Vijayanagar kings to defend their frontiers when they entered Tamil Nadu and were honoured with the title of Paligar. They speak Telugu in Tamil Nadu.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kent, Eliza F. (26 March 2013). Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India. Oxford University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9780199895472.
  3. ↑ N . Hari Bhaskar, Chief Secretary of Tamil Nadu Government, ed. (July 1996). G.O.Ms.No :15 ( Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes Welfare Department ) dated 22-2-96 (PDF). TAMIL NADU ELECTRICITY BOARD BULLETIN. ( PART - 2 ) GENERAL ADMINISTRATION & SERVICES ( Page 2 ) GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU ABSTRACT : WELFARE OF BACKWARD CLASSES - Mutharaiyar community and its Sub-sects calling the main community and its Sub-sects as Mutharaiyar - Orders - Issused
  4. ↑ எஸ்.சஞ்சய் ராமசாமி, ed. (15 September 2010). மத்திய மண்டலம் அரசியல் பரபர முத்தரையர்கள் வாக்கு யாருக்கு?. விகடன் இதழ். 96-ம் ஆண்டு 29 பிரிவுகளாக இருந்த எங்கள் சமுதாய மக்களை 'முத்தரையர்கள்' என்கிற பெயரில் ஒருங்கிணைத்து அரசாணை பிறப்பித்தார் ஜெயலலிதா
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muthuraja&oldid=464958"
Discover more